OSHA 510 cheat sheet

OSHA Act Section 5(a)(1), the General Duty Clause, requires employers to furnish a workplace free of recognized hazards likely to cause death or serious physical harm when no specific standard applies.

Section 5(a)(2) obligates employers to comply with specific OSHA standards; Section 5(b) binds employees to comply with rules and orders applicable to their own conduct.

29 CFR 1926 governs construction, defined in 1910.12(b) as work for construction, alteration, and/or repair, including painting and decorating; 29 CFR 1910 covers general industry.

Where a construction activity is not addressed by a 1926 standard, 1926.20(a)(1) requires compliance with applicable 1910 standards; Subpart C is the fallback gateway.

1926.20(b)(1)-(2) require a safety and health program and frequent, regular job site inspections by a competent person designated by the employer.

1926.21(b)(2) requires training for employees exposed to unsafe conditions, with recognition of hazards and avoidance procedures; 1926.21(b)(1) covers first aid and medical services.

1926.33 adopts 1910.1020 access to employee exposure and medical records; 1926.34 requires exit routes kept unobstructed and marked.

1926.35 requires a written emergency action plan for sites with more than 10 employees, and an oral plan communicated to all employees for 10 or fewer.

1926.23 and 1926.24 cover first aid supplies and fire protection/PPE obligations respectively, coordinating Subpart C with Subparts E and F.

1926.52 Table D-1 permissible noise exposures: 90 dBA for 8 hours, 95 dBA for 4, 100 dBA for 2, 105 dBA for 1, 110 dBA for 0.5, 115 dBA for 0.25 hour; a 5 dBA increase halves allowable duration.

1926.55 adopts ACGIH TLVs as advisory limits for air contaminants; 1926.57 covers ventilation for abrasive blasting and spray operations.

1926.59 adopts 1910.1200 Hazard Communication; 1926.62 lead and 1926.1126 chromium (VI) set action levels and exposure limits for construction.

1926.95 requires PPE provided, used, and maintained in sanitary, reliable condition at no cost to employees; 1926.96 covers occupational foot protection.

1926.100 head protection required where falling objects or electrical hazards exist; 1926.101 hearing protection required at exposure above limits in 1926.52.

1926.102 eye and face protection must comply with ANSI Z87.1 and be provided when machines or operations present eye or face injury hazards.

1926.103 respiratory protection adopts 1910.134, requiring a written program, medical evaluation, fit testing, and training.

1926.150 fire protection requires a firefighting program; 1926.152 governs flammable liquids storage; 1926.151 addresses ignition hazards.

1926.150(c)(1) requires at least one 2A-rated extinguisher per 3,000 square feet of protected building area, with travel distance not exceeding 100 feet.

1926.200(a) requires accident prevention signs where hazards exist, with signal words DANGER (immediate danger), WARNING (potential hazard), CAUTION (minor hazard), and NOTICE (non-hazard information).

1926.201 signaling by flaggers uses red flags at least 24 inches square; 1926.202 barricades must conform to the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices.

1926.200(g) requires traffic control signs to conform to MUTCD; 1926.203 defines standard accident prevention signs and tags.

1926.250(a) requires materials stored so that they are stable and secure against sliding or collapse, with clearance maintained for aisles and passageways.

1926.250(b)(2) limits stacks of bagged materials to a height that maintains stability; 1926.250(b)(5) requires stacked materials to be kept clear of walls.

1926.250(b)(8) requires materials stored in tiers to be stacked, blocked, interlocked, and limited in height to prevent sliding or collapse.

1926.251 governs rigging equipment: slings inspected before use, removed from service if defective, and marked with rated capacity.

1926.252 requires disposal of waste materials by removal from the site at frequent intervals; 1926.252(e) covers waste handling in multi-story structures.

1926.252(c) requires enclosed chutes for dropping material more than 20 feet, with an opening not exceeding 45 degrees from horizontal.

1926.300(a) requires tools to be maintained in safe condition; 1926.300(b)(1) requires guards on moving parts of power tools that expose employees to injury.

1926.301 requires hand tools to be inspected before use and removed from service if defective; 1926.302 covers power-operated hand tools, including electric and powder-actuated tools.

1926.302(e) requires powder-actuated tools to be operated only by trained, certified employees, with eye protection and loading after the tool is pointed.

1926.303 requires abrasive wheels to be inspected and ring-tested before mounting; 1926.304 covers woodworking tools and 1926.305 jacks.

1926.350 covers gas welding and cutting; 1926.350(a)(10) requires cylinders kept upright and secured; 1926.350(b) covers oxygen-fuel gas storage and separation.

1926.351 covers arc welding and cutting; 1926.352 governs fire prevention, requiring removal of combustibles or use of guards and shields.

1926.353 requires ventilation for welding in confined spaces; 1926.354 covers welding, cutting, and heating in way of preservative coatings.

1926.400-1926.408 cover electrical: 1926.403 requires approved electrical conductors and equipment; 1926.404 covers wiring design and protection.

1926.405 governs wiring methods, components, and equipment; 1926.406 covers specific-purpose equipment; 1926.407 covers hazardous locations.

1926.416(a) requires protection of employees from electrical hazards, including de-energizing and lockout; 1926.417 covers lockout and tagging of circuits.

1926.451(a)(1) requires each scaffold and scaffold component to support its own weight and at least 4 times the maximum intended load without failure.

1926.451(a)(4) requires access to scaffold platforms; 1926.451(e) requires ladders, stair towers, or ramps, and prohibits climbing cross braces.

1926.451(b)(1) requires platform units to be fully planked or decked between the front uprights and guardrail supports, with limited exceptions.

1926.451(b)(3) limits gaps between platforms and uprights to 1 inch; 1926.451(b)(4) requires platforms to be overlapped or secured against movement.

1926.451(c) requires scaffolds to be braced, guyed, or tied to prevent tipping; 1926.451(d) covers suspension scaffold support devices.

1926.451(f) covers use: scaffolds must not be loaded beyond rated capacity, and employees must not work on scaffolds during storms or high winds.

1926.451(g) requires guardrail systems or personal fall arrest for employees on platforms more than 10 feet above a lower level.

1926.452 covers specific scaffold types, including mobile, tube and coupler, and suspension scaffolds; 1926.453 covers aerial lifts.

1926.454 requires training for employees who perform work on scaffolds, covering hazards, load capacities, and fall protection, with retraining when necessary.

1926.501(b)(1) requires fall protection for employees on walking/working surfaces with an unprotected side or edge 6 feet or more above a lower level.

1926.501(b)(4) requires protection from falling through holes, including covers secured and marked; 1926.502(i) covers hole covers.

1926.501(b)(13) requires residential construction fall protection at 6 feet, or a written fall protection plan under 1926.502(k) for specified activities.

1926.502(b) requires guardrail systems with top rail at 42 inches plus or minus 3 inches and midrail at approximately 21 inches, capable of 200 pounds.

1926.502(d) requires personal fall arrest systems to limit maximum arresting force to 1,800 pounds and arrest a fall within 3.5 feet.

1926.502(d)(16) requires prompt rescue of employees in the event of a fall or assurance of self-rescue; 1926.502(d)(19) requires anchorage at 5,000 pounds or twice the expected load.

1926.502(f) covers warning line systems at 6 feet or more from the edge, with lines 34 to 39 inches high and 500-pound strength.

1926.502(h) covers safety monitoring systems, requiring a competent person to monitor and warn employees, with no other duties assigned.

1926.503 requires fall protection training, with retraining when there is reason to believe the employee lacks understanding or skill.

1926.1400 scope covers power-operated equipment used to hoist, lower, and horizontally move a suspended load, with exclusions listed in 1926.1400(c).

1926.1417 requires equipment to be operated only by a qualified operator and in accordance with the manufacturer's procedures and load charts.

1926.1419 covers signals; 1926.1420 covers signal person qualifications; 1926.1421 covers voice signals.

1926.1423 covers fall protection for crane personnel; 1926.1424 covers work area control; 1926.1425 covers keeping clear of the load.

1926.1427 requires operator qualification or certification, with evaluation and licensing requirements; 1926.1431 covers hoisting personnel.

1926.1433 covers safety devices, including operational aids such as load moment indicators and anti-two-block devices.

1926.1441 covers equipment with a rated hoisting/lifting capacity of 2,000 pounds or less.

1926.600 covers motor vehicles and mechanized equipment: 1926.601 requires seat belts in vehicles; 1926.602 covers earthmoving equipment.

1926.602(a)(9) requires audible alarms on earthmoving equipment when operated in reverse; 1926.604 covers site clearing; 1926.605 covers marine operations.

1926.650 defines a competent person as one capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards and authorized to take prompt corrective measures.

1926.651(b) requires underground installations to be located and protected before excavation; 1926.651(c) covers access and egress.

1926.651(c)(2) requires a stairway, ladder, ramp, or other safe means of egress in trench excavations 4 feet or more deep, within 25 feet of lateral travel.

1926.651(g) requires testing for oxygen deficiency and hazardous atmospheres in excavations 4 feet or more deep where a hazardous atmosphere could exist.

1926.651(i) requires excavated materials and equipment kept at least 2 feet from the edge of the excavation.

1926.652(a)(1) requires protective systems for excavations 5 feet or more deep, unless the excavation is entirely in stable rock.

1926.652(b) permits sloping, benching, shoring, or shielding; 1926.652(c) requires protective system design by a registered professional engineer for certain conditions.

1926.651(k) requires daily inspections by a competent person before work begins and as needed throughout the shift, and after rainstorms or other hazard-increasing events.

1926.651(j) requires protection from loose rock or soil and removal of excavated material that could fall into the excavation.

1926.701 covers concrete construction: 1926.701(b) prohibits construction loads on a concrete structure unless the employer determines the structure can support them.

1926.702 covers equipment and tools; 1926.703 covers cast-in-place concrete, including formwork design by a qualified person.

1926.750-1926.761 cover steel erection; 1926.754 covers structural steel assembly; 1926.760 requires fall protection at 15 feet for steel erection.

1926.751 requires a site-specific erection plan for certain steel erection activities; 1926.752 covers site layout and construction sequence.

1926.800 covers underground construction, including air quality, communication, and check-in/check-out procedures for employees underground.

1926.850-1926.859 cover demolition: 1926.850 requires an engineering survey by a competent person before demolition begins.

1926.851 covers stairs, passageways, and ladders; 1926.852 covers chutes; 1926.853 covers removal of materials through floor openings.

1926.900-1926.914 cover blasting: 1926.900 requires blasting conducted by qualified persons and warning signals; 1926.909 covers firing precautions.

1926.950-1926.960 cover power transmission and distribution; 1926.960(c) requires minimum approach distances to energized lines.

1926.1000-1926.1003 cover rollover protective structures; 1926.1050-1926.1060 cover stairways and ladders, including 1926.1053 ladder requirements and 1926.1060 training.

1926.1101 covers asbestos, with permissible exposure limits and required work practices for construction activities; 1926.1103 covers 13 carcinogens.

1926.1126 covers chromium (VI), with a permissible exposure limit of 5 micrograms per cubic meter as an 8-hour TWA.

1926.1127 covers cadmium; 1926.1152 covers respirable crystalline silica in construction, with a PEL of 50 micrograms per cubic meter as an 8-hour TWA.

1926.1153 requires engineering controls, including wet methods or dust collection, and specifies Table 1 tasks with required controls.

1926.1153(g) requires a written exposure control plan, designated competent person, and employee training on silica hazards.

1926.1153(i) requires medical surveillance for employees exposed at or above the action level of 25 micrograms per cubic meter for 30 or more days per year.

1926.59 adopts 1910.1200 Hazard Communication, requiring labels, safety data sheets, and training for employees exposed to hazardous chemicals.

1926.55 adopts ACGIH threshold limit values as advisory limits for air contaminants; 1926.60 covers methylenedianiline; 1926.61 covers 1,3-butadiene.

1926.62 covers lead, with an action level of 30 micrograms per cubic meter as an 8-hour TWA and a PEL of 50 micrograms per cubic meter.

A safety and health program typically includes management leadership, worker participation, hazard identification and assessment, hazard prevention and control, education and training, and program evaluation.

Hazard control follows the hierarchy of controls: elimination, substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls, and personal protective equipment.

1926.20(b)(2) requires frequent and regular inspections of job sites, materials, and equipment by a competent person as part of the safety program.

1926.21(b)(2) requires employee training on hazard recognition and avoidance procedures; 1926.35 requires emergency action plans.

29 CFR 1904 requires recording of work-related fatalities, injuries, and illnesses; 1904.39 requires reporting fatalities within 8 hours and in-patient hospitalizations, amputations, or eye loss within 24 hours.

1904.32 requires annual summary (OSHA Form 300A) posting from February 1 to April 30; 1904.29 covers forms 300, 301, and 300A.

1904.7 defines a recordable case as one resulting in death, days away from work, restricted work or transfer, medical treatment beyond first aid, loss of consciousness, or significant injury/illness diagnosis.

1904.5 covers work-relatedness, including the presumption that injuries in the work environment are work-related and exceptions for members of the public and personal tasks.

1904.41 requires electronic submission of injury and illness information for establishments meeting size and industry criteria.