Pennsylvania CDL Passenger cheat sheet

Pennsylvania requires a pre-trip inspection within the 24 hours before driving a passenger-carrying commercial vehicle; the driver must sign a report listing any defects found.

Seven-step inspection order: (1) vehicle overview and paperwork, (2) engine compartment, (3) cab and controls, (4) walk-around lights, (5) brake check, (6) suspension and undercarriage, (7) final start-up and air-brake tests.

Air-brake static leak test: with the engine off and full pressure, release the parking brake and hold the service brake; leakage must not exceed 3 psi per minute for a single vehicle or 4 psi per minute for a combination.

Air-brake applied leak test: fully apply the service brake and hold; loss must not exceed 3 psi per minute (single) or 4 psi per minute (combination).

Low-air warning must activate before pressure drops below 60 psi; the spring (emergency) brakes must pop out between 20 and 45 psi.

Build-up test: with pressure below 85 psi and the engine at fast idle, pressure must rise from 85 to 100 psi within 45 seconds.

Bus-specific checks: emergency exits open freely and alarms sound, stop arm and crossing gate extend, fire extinguisher is charged and mounted, first-aid kit is sealed, and seats and stanchions are secure.

Tire rule: reject any tire with tread depth under 4/32 inch on a front axle or 2/32 inch elsewhere, or with cuts, bulges, or exposed cord.

After driving, the driver reviews the signed report and certifies in writing that all defects were repaired or that repairs were unnecessary.

Standees are prohibited when the bus is operating on a highway with a posted speed limit above 35 mph, and every passenger must have a seat when the bus carries school children.

The driver counts passengers during boarding and alighting and reconciles the count before moving; a child left aboard is the classic failure mode this prevents.

Load limits: no carrier may load a bus beyond its registered seating or standing capacity, and no passenger may ride in an aisle or on stairs.

Passengers may board only at a designated stop or a safe, well-lit location off the travel lane; the driver stops with the right wheels within 12 inches of the curb where practical.

The driver does not move the bus until boarding passengers are seated or braced and the doors are closed; the door interlock must prevent motion with the rear door open.

Baggage must be stowed so it cannot block the aisle, cover exit signs, or obstruct the emergency door; nothing may be placed in front of an emergency exit.

Before opening doors at a stop, the driver checks mirrors and the right side for cyclists and pedestrians approaching from the rear.

Wheelchair securement: four-point tie-down plus a lap and shoulder belt; the lift must be operated only by a trained driver with the parking brake set.

When discharging passengers at night or in traffic, the driver uses hazard flashers and, where equipped, the stop arm, and confirms passengers have cleared the roadway before moving.

Emergency exit types on a bus: side windows, roof hatches, rear door, and side door; each must be marked with a red exit sign and operating instructions.

Fire response sequence: stop, set the parking brake, shut off the engine, evacuate upwind and at least 100 feet away, then call 911; a bus fire can fully involve the vehicle in under 5 minutes.

Evacuation order for a school bus: students in the front of the bus exit first, then rear, with the driver supervising from outside the door.

The driver must give a safety briefing before departure on an interstate charter: exits, seat belts if installed, and the location of the fire extinguisher.

A passenger who becomes unruly is handled by stopping the bus in a safe location; the driver does not physically restrain a passenger except to prevent imminent harm.

Bloodborne pathogen rule: the driver uses gloves from the first-aid kit and a bodily-fluid cleanup kit, and reports exposure to the carrier.

Seat belt use is required where belts are installed; the driver is responsible for ensuring passengers under 18 are belted.

Emergency roof hatches must open from inside without tools and be capable of being secured after use; the driver verifies them during the pre-trip.

A driver who is injured or becomes ill enough to impair driving must stop, secure the bus, and notify the carrier; continuing to drive is a violation.

Following distance for a bus: at least one second per 10 feet of vehicle length at speeds under 40 mph, plus one extra second above 40 mph; a 40-foot bus therefore needs 4 seconds below 40 mph and 5 seconds above.

A bus's height and length mean the driver must swing wide on right turns and check the right mirror through the turn for the rear wheels cutting the corner.

Stopping distance grows with the square of speed; at highway speed a loaded bus needs roughly the length of a football field to stop on dry pavement.

Speed on curves: enter below the posted advisory speed, brake before the curve, and accelerate gently only after the apex; a bus rolls over from lateral force, not from braking.

Downhill grades: select a lower gear before the descent and use engine braking; continuous service braking overheats drums and causes brake fade.

Railroad and bridge clearance: know the vehicle's height including roof hatches and check posted clearance signs; a bus striking an overpass injures passengers in the top rows.

Night driving: reduce speed so the stopping distance stays within the illuminated distance of the headlights; high beams reach about 350 feet, low beams about 100 feet.

Backing a bus requires a spotter whenever one is available; if none, the driver gets out and checks behind the vehicle before reversing.

Distraction and cell phone rule: hand-held phone use while driving a commercial vehicle is prohibited; a hand-held device may be used only to contact emergency services.

Property-carrying 11-hour rule: a driver may drive at most 11 hours after 10 consecutive hours off duty.

14-hour window: a driver may not drive beyond the 14th consecutive hour after coming on duty; the window does not pause for meals or breaks.

30-minute break: after 8 cumulative hours of driving without at least a 30-minute interruption of driving, the driver must take a 30-minute break.

60/7 and 70/8 limits: no driving after 60 hours on duty in 7 consecutive days or 70 hours in 8 consecutive days; a 34-hour restart resets the cycle.

Passenger-carrying carriers are not required to use ELDs, but drivers must keep paper records of duty status (RODS) for the current day and the prior 7 days.

A driver must be off duty for 8 consecutive hours and may not drive if fatigued or ill; fatigue is treated as impairment, not a scheduling problem.

Sleeper-berth split: a driver may split 10 hours off duty into two periods, one at least 7 hours and the other at least 2 hours, counted in the 14-hour window.

Adverse driving conditions may extend the 11- and 14-hour limits by up to 2 hours, but only for conditions the driver could not reasonably have known about before dispatch.

Record of duty status entries must be current to the last change of duty status, and the driver must retain supporting documents such as fuel and toll receipts.

Pennsylvania law: a bus carrying passengers must stop at every railroad-highway grade crossing, whether or not the crossing is marked with a stop sign, unless the crossing is exempted by the state.

Stopping procedure: stop within 50 feet but not less than 15 feet from the nearest rail, set the parking brake, open the door and window, and listen and look both ways.

Before crossing, the driver must confirm there is enough space beyond the crossing to clear the tracks completely; a bus must never stop on the tracks.

A bus must not cross unless the driver can do so in the gear that will not require shifting; shifting on the tracks risks a stall.

If the bus stalls on the tracks: evacuate passengers immediately, move them at least 100 feet from the tracks and upwind, then call 911 and the railroad's emergency number posted at the crossing.

Never drive around a lowered gate or past flashing lights; gates and lights are activated by an approaching train and a second train can follow.

Crossing signals: flashing red lights mean stop; a yield sign at a crossing means the driver must slow and be ready to stop, not that stopping is optional.

A driver must not stop on the tracks for traffic ahead; the space beyond the crossing must be clear before the bus enters the crossing.

Crash with injury or a fatality: stop, render aid within training, protect the scene, call 911, and notify the carrier immediately.

The driver must exchange information (name, address, license, plate, carrier, insurance) with the other party and give aid to anyone injured.

A driver involved in a crash must not leave the scene until permitted by law enforcement, and must not use alcohol or drugs after the crash until tested.

Reportable crash threshold in Pennsylvania: a crash involving a commercial vehicle that results in injury, a fatality, or a vehicle towed from the scene must be reported to the carrier, which files with PennDOT.

Breakdown on a highway: pull as far right as possible, set the parking brake, turn on hazard flashers, place reflective triangles, and evacuate passengers to a safe area away from traffic.

Triangle placement: on a two-lane road, place triangles 10 feet, 100 feet, and 200 feet behind the vehicle; on a divided highway, place them 10 feet and 100 feet behind and 100 feet ahead.

Passengers must not stand on the roadway or beside the bus during a breakdown; move them behind a guardrail or up a slope away from traffic.

The driver must report a breakdown to the carrier and, if the bus cannot be moved, request a relief bus and police traffic control.

Post-incident drug and alcohol testing must occur within 8 hours for alcohol and 32 hours for drugs after the crash, per federal rules.

CDL passenger endorsement (P) requires passing the passenger transport knowledge test and the passenger vehicle inspection test; a school bus endorsement (S) is separate.

A driver must hold a valid medical examiner's certificate and carry it, and the carrier must keep a copy in the driver qualification file.

Driver qualification file contents: application, motor vehicle record, road test certificate or equivalent, medical certificate, and annual review of driving record.

A CDL is disqualified for 1 year for a first offense of driving a CMV with a BAC of 0.04 or higher, and for life for a second offense.

Carriers must run a pre-employment background check including the FMCSA Drug and Alcohol Clearinghouse query with the driver's consent.

Random drug testing rate is set annually by the FMCSA; a driver selected must submit to testing or be removed from safety-sensitive duty.

A driver must report any traffic violation (other than parking) to the carrier within 30 days, and the carrier must review the driving record annually.

Passenger carriers must display the carrier's name and USDOT number on both sides of the vehicle if the vehicle has a GVWR over 10,000 pounds.

A driver may not operate a CMV while having any measurable alcohol concentration, and may not use marijuana or other Schedule I drugs even where state law permits.

Passengers may not carry hazardous materials aboard a bus, including gasoline cans, propane cylinders, fireworks, and lithium battery packs beyond small personal devices.

A CDL with a hazardous materials endorsement (H) requires a TSA security threat assessment and a knowledge test; the P endorsement alone does not authorize hazmat transport.

Placard table: a vehicle must be placarded when carrying 1,001 pounds or more aggregate gross weight of a hazard class requiring placards, or any amount of a Table 2 material.

Nine hazard classes: explosives (1), gases (2), flammable liquids (3), flammable solids (4), oxidizers (5), toxic and infectious substances (6), radioactive (7), corrosive (8), and miscellaneous (9).

Diamond-shaped placards are 10.75 inches on each side and must be displayed on all four sides of the vehicle when required.

Shipping papers must be kept within the driver's reach, in a pouch on the driver's door or on the seat, and must be produced immediately on request.

Emergency response information must accompany shipping papers; the ERG (Emergency Response Guidebook) uses guide numbers keyed to the material's placard.

A driver who discovers a leak or spill must stop, keep people away and upwind, notify the carrier and emergency responders, and not attempt cleanup without training and equipment.

Passenger-carrying vehicles are generally forbidden from carrying hazmat except in limited circumstances; a driver who suspects a passenger is carrying hazmat must refuse boarding and notify the carrier.

Pre-trip inspection must be completed within 24 hours before driving; the driver signs a report listing defects found.

Seven-step order: overview and paperwork, engine compartment, cab and controls, walk-around lights, brake check, suspension and undercarriage, start-up and air-brake tests.

Static air leak test: engine off, full pressure, parking brake released, service brake held; loss must not exceed 3 psi/min single or 4 psi/min combination.

Low-air warning must sound before pressure falls below 60 psi; spring brakes must set between 20 and 45 psi.

Build-up test: with pressure below 85 psi at fast idle, pressure must reach 100 psi from 85 psi within 45 seconds.

Bus checks: emergency exits open and alarm, stop arm and crossing gate extend, fire extinguisher charged and mounted, first-aid kit sealed, seats secure.

Tire minimums: 4/32 inch tread on front axles, 2/32 inch on other axles; reject cuts, bulges, or exposed cord.

After the trip the driver reviews the report and certifies in writing that defects were repaired or that no repair was needed.

Standees are prohibited on a highway with a posted limit above 35 mph; school children must be seated.

Driver counts passengers boarding and alighting and reconciles the count before moving to prevent leaving a child aboard.

No loading beyond registered seating or standing capacity; no passenger in an aisle or on stairs.

Board only at a designated stop or a safe location off the travel lane; stop with right wheels within 12 inches of the curb where practical.

Do not move until boarding passengers are seated or braced and doors are closed; the door interlock must prevent motion with the rear door open.

Baggage must not block the aisle, cover exit signs, or obstruct an emergency door.

Check mirrors and the right side for cyclists and pedestrians before opening the doors at a stop.

Wheelchair securement requires a four-point tie-down plus lap and shoulder belt; operate the lift only with the parking brake set.

Bus emergency exits: side windows, roof hatches, rear door, and side door, each marked with a red exit sign and operating instructions.

Fire response: stop, set the parking brake, shut off the engine, evacuate upwind at least 100 feet away, then call 911.

School bus evacuation: front students exit first, then rear, with the driver supervising from outside the door.

Interstate charter briefing before departure covers exits, seat belts if installed, and fire extinguisher location.

An unruly passenger is handled by stopping in a safe location; the driver does not physically restrain except to prevent imminent harm.

Bloodborne pathogen rule: use gloves and a bodily-fluid cleanup kit, and report exposure to the carrier.

Seat belts are required where installed; the driver ensures passengers under 18 are belted.

Roof hatches must open from inside without tools and be secure after use; verify them during the pre-trip.

Following distance: one second per 10 feet of vehicle length below 40 mph, plus one second above 40 mph; a 40-foot bus needs 4 seconds below 40 mph and 5 above.

Swing wide on right turns and watch the right mirror for rear wheels cutting the corner.

Stopping distance grows with the square of speed; a loaded bus at highway speed needs roughly a football field to stop on dry pavement.

Enter curves below the posted advisory speed, brake before the curve, and accelerate gently after the apex.

On downgrades, select a lower gear before the descent and use engine braking; continuous service braking overheats drums and causes fade.

Know the vehicle height including roof hatches and check posted clearance signs before passing under a bridge or overpass.

Night driving: keep stopping distance within the illuminated distance of the headlights; high beams reach about 350 feet, low beams about 100 feet.

Backing requires a spotter when available; otherwise get out and check behind the vehicle before reversing.

Hand-held phone use while driving a CMV is prohibited except to contact emergency services.

11-hour rule: at most 11 hours of driving after 10 consecutive hours off duty.

14-hour window: no driving beyond the 14th consecutive hour after coming on duty; the window does not pause for meals or breaks.

30-minute break required after 8 cumulative hours of driving without a 30-minute interruption of driving.

60/7 and 70/8 limits: no driving after 60 hours on duty in 7 days or 70 hours in 8 days; a 34-hour restart resets the cycle.

Passenger carriers are not required to use ELDs, but drivers keep paper records of duty status for the current day and prior 7 days.

A driver must be off duty 8 consecutive hours and may not drive while fatigued or ill; fatigue is impairment.

Sleeper-berth split: 10 hours off may be split into periods of at least 7 hours and at least 2 hours.

Adverse driving conditions may extend the 11- and 14-hour limits by up to 2 hours only for conditions not reasonably known before dispatch.

RODS entries must be current to the last change of duty status; retain supporting documents such as fuel and toll receipts.

Pennsylvania law: a bus carrying passengers must stop at every railroad-highway grade crossing, marked or unmarked, unless the crossing is exempted by the state.

Stop within 50 feet but not less than 15 feet from the nearest rail, set the parking brake, open the door and window, and listen and look both ways.

Confirm space beyond the crossing to clear the tracks completely; never stop on the tracks.

Cross only in a gear that will not require shifting; shifting on the tracks risks a stall.

If stalled on the tracks: evacuate immediately, move passengers at least 100 feet away and upwind, then call 911 and the railroad emergency number.

Never drive around a lowered gate or past flashing lights; a second train can follow the first.

Flashing red lights mean stop; a yield sign means slow and be ready to stop, not that stopping is optional.

Do not enter the crossing until the space beyond is clear of traffic.

Crash with injury or fatality: stop, render aid within training, protect the scene, call 911, and notify the carrier immediately.

Exchange name, address, license, plate, carrier, and insurance information with the other party and aid anyone injured.

Do not leave the scene until permitted by law enforcement, and do not use alcohol or drugs after the crash until tested.

Reportable crash in Pennsylvania: injury, fatality, or a vehicle towed from the scene must be reported to the carrier, which files with PennDOT.

Breakdown: pull as far right as possible, set the parking brake, turn on hazard flashers, place reflective triangles, and move passengers away from traffic.

Triangle placement on a two-lane road: 10 feet, 100 feet, and 200 feet behind the vehicle; on a divided highway, 10 feet and 100 feet behind and 100 feet ahead.

Passengers must not stand on the roadway or beside the bus; move them behind a guardrail or up a slope.

Report the breakdown to the carrier and request a relief bus and police traffic control if the bus cannot be moved.

Post-crash testing must occur within 8 hours for alcohol and 32 hours for drugs under federal rules.

CDL passenger endorsement (P) requires the passenger transport knowledge test and the passenger vehicle inspection test; the school bus endorsement (S) is separate.

A driver must hold and carry a valid medical examiner's certificate; the carrier keeps a copy in the driver qualification file.

Driver qualification file: application, motor vehicle record, road test certificate or equivalent, medical certificate, and annual review of driving record.

A CDL is disqualified for 1 year for a first offense of driving a CMV with a BAC of 0.04 or higher, and for life for a second offense.

Pre-employment screening includes an FMCSA Drug and Alcohol Clearinghouse query with the driver's consent.

A driver selected for random drug testing must submit or be removed from safety-sensitive duty.

Report any traffic violation other than parking to the carrier within 30 days; the carrier reviews the driving record annually.

Passenger carriers must display the carrier name and USDOT number on both sides of vehicles with a GVWR over 10,000 pounds.

No measurable alcohol concentration is permitted while operating a CMV, and marijuana use is prohibited even where state law permits.

Passengers may not carry hazardous materials aboard a bus, including gasoline cans, propane cylinders, fireworks, and large lithium battery packs.

The hazmat endorsement (H) requires a TSA security threat assessment and a knowledge test; the P endorsement alone does not authorize hazmat transport.

Placarding is required at 1,001 pounds or more aggregate gross weight of a hazard class requiring placards, or any amount of a Table 2 material.

Nine hazard classes: explosives, gases, flammable liquids, flammable solids, oxidizers, toxic and infectious substances, radioactive, corrosive, and miscellaneous.

Placards are diamond-shaped, 10.75 inches per side, and displayed on all four sides of the vehicle when required.

Shipping papers must be within the driver's reach and produced immediately on request; emergency response information must accompany them.

The ERG uses guide numbers keyed to the material's placard for initial response.

On discovering a leak or spill: stop, keep people away and upwind, notify the carrier and responders, and do not attempt cleanup without training and equipment.

A driver who suspects a passenger is carrying hazmat must refuse boarding and notify the carrier.

Pre-trip inspection within 24 hours before driving; driver signs a report listing defects.

Seven-step order: overview and paperwork, engine compartment, cab and controls, walk-around lights, brake check, suspension and undercarriage, start-up and air-brake tests.

Static air leak test: engine off, full pressure, parking brake released, service brake held; loss must not exceed 3 psi/min single or 4 psi/min combination.

Low-air warning must activate before pressure falls below 60 psi; spring brakes must set between 20 and 45 psi.

Build-up test: with pressure below 85 psi at fast idle, pressure must rise from 85 to 100 psi within 45 seconds.

Bus checks: emergency exits open and alarm, stop arm and crossing gate extend, fire extinguisher charged and mounted, first-aid kit sealed, seats secure.

Tire minimums: 4/32 inch tread on front axles, 2/32 inch on other axles; reject cuts, bulges, or exposed cord.

After the trip the driver reviews the report and certifies in writing that defects were repaired or that no repair was needed.

Standees are prohibited on a highway with a posted limit above 35 mph; school children must be seated.

Driver counts passengers boarding and alighting and reconciles the count before moving to prevent leaving a child aboard.

No loading beyond registered seating or standing capacity; no passenger in an aisle or on stairs.

Board only at a designated stop or a safe location off the travel lane; stop with right wheels within 12 inches of the curb where practical.

Do not move until boarding passengers are seated or braced and doors are closed; the door interlock must prevent motion with the rear door open.

Baggage must not block the aisle, cover exit signs, or obstruct an emergency door.

Check mirrors and the right side for cyclists and pedestrians before opening the doors at a stop.

Wheelchair securement requires a four-point tie-down plus lap and shoulder belt; operate the lift only with the parking brake set.

Bus emergency exits: side windows, roof hatches, rear door, and side door, each marked with a red exit sign and operating instructions.

Fire response: stop, set the parking brake, shut off the engine, evacuate upwind at least 100 feet away, then call 911.

School bus evacuation: front students exit first, then rear, with the driver supervising from outside the door.

Interstate charter briefing before departure covers exits, seat belts if installed, and fire extinguisher location.

An unruly passenger is handled by stopping in a safe location; the driver does not physically restrain except to prevent imminent harm.

Bloodborne pathogen rule: use gloves and a bodily-fluid cleanup kit, and report exposure to the carrier.

Seat belts are required where installed; the driver ensures passengers under 18 are belted.

Roof hatches must open from inside without tools and be secure after use; verify them during the pre-trip.

Following distance: one second per 10 feet of vehicle length below 40 mph, plus one second above 40 mph; a 40-foot bus needs 4 seconds below 40 mph and 5 above.

Swing wide on right turns and watch the right mirror for rear wheels cutting the corner.

Stopping distance grows with the square of speed; a loaded bus at highway speed needs roughly a football field to stop on dry pavement.

Enter curves below the posted advisory speed, brake before the curve, and accelerate gently after the apex.

On downgrades, select a lower gear before the descent and use engine braking; continuous service braking overheats drums and causes fade.

Know the vehicle height including roof hatches and check posted clearance signs before passing under a bridge or overpass.

Night driving: keep stopping distance within the illuminated distance of the headlights; high beams reach about 350 feet, low beams about 100 feet.

Backing requires a spotter when available; otherwise get out and check behind the vehicle before reversing.

Hand-held phone use while driving a CMV is prohibited except to contact emergency services.

11-hour rule: at most 11 hours of driving after 10 consecutive hours off duty.

14-hour window: no driving beyond the 14th consecutive hour after coming on duty; the window does not pause for meals or breaks.

30-minute break required after 8 cumulative hours of driving without a 30-minute interruption of driving.

60/7 and 70/8 limits: no driving after 60 hours on duty in 7 days or 70 hours in 8 days; a 34-hour restart resets the cycle.

Passenger carriers are not required to use ELDs, but drivers keep paper records of duty status for the current day and prior 7 days.

A driver must be off duty 8 consecutive hours and may not drive while fatigued or ill; fatigue is impairment.

Sleeper-berth split: 10 hours off may be split into periods of at least 7 hours and at least 2 hours.

Adverse driving conditions may extend the 11- and 14-hour limits by up to 2 hours only for conditions not reasonably known before dispatch.

RODS entries must be current to the last change of duty status; retain supporting documents such as fuel and toll receipts.

Pennsylvania law: a bus carrying passengers must stop at every railroad-highway grade crossing, marked or unmarked, unless the crossing is exempted by the state.

Stop within 50 feet but not less than 15 feet from the nearest rail, set the parking brake, open the door and window, and listen and look both ways.

Confirm space beyond the crossing to clear the tracks completely; never stop on the tracks.

Cross only in a gear that will not require shifting; shifting on the tracks risks a stall.

If stalled on the tracks: evacuate immediately, move passengers at least 100 feet away and upwind, then call 911 and the railroad emergency number.

Never drive around a lowered gate or past flashing lights; a second train can follow the first.

Flashing red lights mean stop; a yield sign means slow and be ready to stop, not that stopping is optional.

Do not enter the crossing until the space beyond is clear of traffic.

Crash with injury or fatality: stop, render aid within training, protect the scene, call 911, and notify the carrier immediately.

Exchange name, address, license, plate, carrier, and insurance information with the other party and aid anyone injured.

Do not leave the scene until permitted by law enforcement, and do not use alcohol or drugs after the crash until tested.

Reportable crash in Pennsylvania: injury, fatality, or a vehicle towed from the scene must be reported to the carrier, which files with PennDOT.

Breakdown: pull as far right as possible, set the parking brake, turn on hazard flashers, place reflective triangles, and move passengers away from traffic.

Triangle placement on a two-lane road: 10 feet, 100 feet, and 200 feet behind the vehicle; on a divided highway, 10 feet and 100 feet behind and 100 feet ahead.

Passengers must not stand on the roadway or beside the bus; move them behind a guardrail or up a slope.

Report the breakdown to the carrier and request a relief bus and police traffic control if the bus cannot be moved.

Post-crash testing must occur within 8 hours for alcohol and 32 hours for drugs under federal rules.

CDL passenger endorsement (P) requires the passenger transport knowledge test and the passenger vehicle inspection test; the school bus endorsement (S) is separate.

A driver must hold and carry a valid medical examiner's certificate; the carrier keeps a copy in the driver qualification file.

Driver qualification file: application, motor vehicle record, road test certificate or equivalent, medical certificate, and annual review of driving record.

A CDL is disqualified for 1 year for a first offense of driving a CMV with a BAC of 0.04 or higher, and for life for a second offense.

Pre-employment screening includes an FMCSA Drug and Alcohol Clearinghouse query with the driver's consent.

A driver selected for random drug testing must submit or be removed from safety-sensitive duty.

Report any traffic violation other than parking to the carrier within 30 days; the carrier reviews the driving record annually.

Passenger carriers must display the carrier name and USDOT number on both sides of vehicles with a GVWR over 10,000 pounds.

No measurable alcohol concentration is permitted while operating a CMV, and marijuana use is prohibited even where state law permits.

Passengers may not carry hazardous materials aboard a bus, including gasoline cans, propane cylinders, fireworks, and large lithium battery packs.

The hazmat endorsement (H) requires a TSA security threat assessment and a knowledge test; the P endorsement alone does not authorize hazmat transport.

Placarding is required at 1,001 pounds or more aggregate gross weight of a hazard class requiring placards, or any amount of a Table 2 material.

Nine hazard classes: explosives, gases, flammable liquids, flammable solids, oxidizers, toxic and infectious substances, radioactive, corrosive, and miscellaneous.

Placards are diamond-shaped, 10.75 inches per side, and displayed on all four sides of the vehicle when required.

Shipping papers must be within the driver's reach and produced immediately on request; emergency response information must accompany them.

The ERG uses guide numbers keyed to the material's placard for initial response.

On discovering a leak or spill: stop, keep people away and upwind, notify the carrier and responders, and do not attempt cleanup without training and equipment.

A driver who suspects a passenger is carrying hazmat must refuse boarding and notify the carrier.

Pre-trip inspection within 24 hours before driving; driver signs a report listing defects.

Seven-step order: overview and paperwork, engine compartment, cab and controls, walk-around lights, brake check, suspension and undercarriage, start-up and air-brake tests.

Static air leak test: engine off, full pressure, parking brake released, service brake held; loss must not exceed 3 psi/min single or 4 psi/min combination.

Low-air warning must activate before pressure falls below 60 psi; spring brakes must set between 20 and 45 psi.

Build-up test: with pressure below 85 psi at fast idle, pressure must rise from 85 to 100 psi within 45 seconds.

Bus checks: emergency exits open and alarm, stop arm and crossing gate extend, fire extinguisher charged and mounted, first-aid kit sealed, seats secure.

Tire minimums: 4/32 inch tread on front axles, 2/32 inch on other axles; reject cuts, bulges, or exposed cord.

After the trip the driver reviews the report and certifies in writing that defects were repaired or that no repair was needed.

Standees are prohibited on a highway with a posted limit above 35 mph; school children must be seated.

Driver counts passengers boarding and alighting and reconciles the count before moving to prevent leaving a child aboard.

No loading beyond registered seating or standing capacity; no passenger in an aisle or on stairs.

Board only at a designated stop or a safe location off the travel lane; stop with right wheels within 12 inches of the curb where practical.

Do not move until boarding passengers are seated or braced and doors are closed; the door interlock must prevent motion with the rear door open.

Baggage must not block the aisle, cover exit signs, or obstruct an emergency door.

Check mirrors and the right side for cyclists and pedestrians before opening the doors at a stop.

Wheelchair securement requires a four-point tie-down plus lap and shoulder belt; operate the lift only with the parking brake set.

Bus emergency exits: side windows, roof hatches, rear door, and side door, each marked with a red exit sign and operating instructions.

Fire response: stop, set the parking brake, shut off the engine, evacuate upwind at least 100 feet away, then call 911.

School bus evacuation: front students exit first, then rear, with the driver supervising from outside the door.

Interstate charter briefing before departure covers exits, seat belts if installed, and fire extinguisher location.

An unruly passenger is handled by stopping in a safe location; the driver does not physically restrain except to prevent imminent harm.

Bloodborne pathogen rule: use gloves and a bodily-fluid cleanup kit, and report exposure to the carrier.

Seat belts are required where installed; the driver ensures passengers under 18 are belted.

Roof hatches must open from inside without tools and be secure after use; verify them during the pre-trip.

Following distance: one second per 10 feet of vehicle length below 40 mph, plus one second above 40 mph; a 40-foot bus needs 4 seconds below 40 mph and 5 above.

Swing wide on right turns and watch the right mirror for rear wheels cutting the corner.

Stopping distance grows with the square of speed; a loaded bus at highway speed needs roughly a football field to stop on dry pavement.

Enter curves below the posted advisory speed, brake before the curve, and accelerate gently after the apex.

On downgrades, select a lower gear before the descent and use engine braking; continuous service braking overheats drums and causes fade.

Know the vehicle height including roof hatches and check posted clearance signs before passing under a bridge or overpass.

Night driving: keep stopping distance within the illuminated distance of the headlights; high beams reach about 350 feet, low beams about 100 feet.

Backing requires a spotter when available; otherwise get out and check behind the vehicle before reversing.

Hand-held phone use while driving a CMV is prohibited except to contact emergency services.

11-hour rule: at most 11 hours of driving after 10 consecutive hours off duty.

14-hour window: no driving beyond the 14th consecutive hour after coming on duty; the window does not pause for meals or breaks.

30-minute break required after 8 cumulative hours of driving without a 30-minute interruption of driving.

60/7 and 70/8 limits: no driving after 60 hours on duty in 7 days or 70 hours in 8 days; a 34-hour restart resets the cycle.

Passenger carriers are not required to use ELDs, but drivers keep paper records of duty status for the current day and prior 7 days.

A driver must be off duty 8 consecutive hours and may not drive while fatigued or ill; fatigue is impairment.

Sleeper-berth split: 10 hours off may be split into periods of at least 7 hours and at least 2 hours.

Adverse driving conditions may extend the 11- and 14-hour limits by up to 2 hours only for conditions not reasonably known before dispatch.

RODS entries must be current to the last change of duty status; retain supporting documents such as fuel and toll receipts.

Pennsylvania law: a bus carrying passengers must stop at every railroad-highway grade crossing, marked or unmarked, unless the crossing is exempted by the state.

Stop within 50 feet but not less than 15 feet from the nearest rail, set the parking brake, open the door and window, and listen and look both ways.

Confirm space beyond the crossing to clear the tracks completely; never stop on the tracks.

Cross only in a gear that will not require shifting; shifting on the tracks risks a stall.

If stalled on the tracks: evacuate immediately, move passengers at least 100 feet away and upwind, then call 911 and the railroad emergency number.

Never drive around a lowered gate or past flashing lights; a second train can follow the first.

Flashing red lights mean stop; a yield sign means slow and be ready to stop, not that stopping is optional.

Do not enter the crossing until the space beyond is clear of traffic.

Crash with injury or fatality: stop, render aid within training, protect the scene, call 911, and notify the carrier immediately.

Exchange name, address, license, plate, carrier, and insurance information with the other party and aid anyone injured.

Do not leave the scene until permitted by law enforcement, and do not use alcohol or drugs after the crash until tested.

Reportable crash in Pennsylvania: injury, fatality, or a vehicle towed from the scene must be reported to the carrier, which files with PennDOT.

Breakdown: pull as far right as possible, set the parking brake, turn on hazard flashers, place reflective triangles, and move passengers away from traffic.

Triangle placement on a two-lane road: 10 feet, 100 feet, and 200 feet behind the vehicle; on a divided highway, 10 feet and 100 feet behind and 100 feet ahead.

Passengers must not stand on the roadway or beside the bus; move them behind a guardrail or up a slope.

Report the breakdown to the carrier and request a relief bus and police traffic control if the bus cannot be moved.

Post-crash testing must occur within 8 hours for alcohol and 32 hours for drugs under federal rules.

CDL passenger endorsement (P) requires the passenger transport knowledge test and the passenger vehicle inspection test; the school bus endorsement (S) is separate.

A driver must hold and carry a valid medical examiner's certificate; the carrier keeps a copy in the driver qualification file.

Driver qualification file: application, motor vehicle record, road test certificate or equivalent, medical certificate, and annual review of driving record.

A CDL is disqualified for 1 year for a first offense of driving a CMV with a BAC of 0.04 or higher, and for life for a second offense.

Pre-employment screening includes an FMCSA Drug and Alcohol Clearinghouse query with the driver's consent.

A driver selected for random drug testing must submit or be removed from safety-sensitive duty.

Report any traffic violation other than parking to the carrier within 30 days; the carrier reviews the driving record annually.

Passenger carriers must display the carrier name and USDOT number on both sides of vehicles with a GVWR over 10,000 pounds.

No measurable alcohol concentration is permitted while operating a CMV, and marijuana use is prohibited even where state law permits.

Passengers may not carry hazardous materials aboard a bus, including gasoline cans, propane cylinders, fireworks, and large lithium battery packs.

The hazmat endorsement (H) requires a TSA security threat assessment and a knowledge test; the P endorsement alone does not authorize hazmat transport.

Placarding is required at 1,001 pounds or more aggregate gross weight of a hazard class requiring placards, or any amount of a Table 2 material.

Nine hazard classes: explosives, gases, flammable liquids, flammable solids, oxidizers, toxic and infectious substances, radioactive, corrosive, and miscellaneous.

Placards are diamond-shaped, 10.75 inches per side, and displayed on all four sides of the vehicle when required.

Shipping papers must be within the driver's reach and produced immediately on request; emergency response information must accompany them.

The ERG uses guide numbers keyed to the material's placard for initial response.

On discovering a leak or spill: stop, keep people away and upwind, notify the carrier and responders, and do not attempt cleanup without training and equipment.

A driver who suspects a passenger is carrying hazmat must refuse boarding and notify the carrier.

Pre-trip inspection within 24 hours before driving; driver signs a report listing defects.

Seven-step order: overview and paperwork, engine compartment, cab and controls, walk-around lights, brake check, suspension and undercarriage, start-up and air-brake tests.

Static air leak test: engine off, full pressure, parking brake released, service brake held; loss must not exceed 3 psi/min single or 4 psi/min combination.

Low-air warning must activate before pressure falls below 60 psi; spring brakes must set between 20 and 45 psi.

Build-up test: with pressure below 85 psi at fast idle, pressure must rise from 85 to 100 psi within 45 seconds.

Bus checks: emergency exits open and alarm, stop arm and crossing gate extend, fire extinguisher charged and mounted, first-aid kit sealed, seats secure.

Tire minimums: 4/32 inch tread on front axles, 2/32 inch on other axles; reject cuts, bulges, or exposed cord.

After the trip the driver reviews the report and certifies in writing that defects were repaired or that no repair was needed.

Standees are prohibited on a highway with a posted limit above 35 mph; school children must be seated.

Driver counts passengers boarding and alighting and reconciles the count before moving to prevent leaving a child aboard.

No loading beyond registered seating or standing capacity; no passenger in an aisle or on stairs.

Board only at a designated stop or a safe location off the travel lane; stop with right wheels within 12 inches of the curb where practical.

Do not move until boarding passengers are seated or braced and doors are closed; the door interlock must prevent motion with the rear door open.

Baggage must not block the aisle, cover exit signs, or obstruct an emergency door.

Check mirrors and the right side for cyclists and pedestrians before opening the doors at a stop.

Wheelchair securement requires a four-point tie-down plus lap and shoulder belt; operate the lift only with the parking brake set.

Bus emergency exits: side windows, roof hatches, rear door, and side door, each marked with a red exit sign and operating instructions.

Fire response: stop, set the parking brake, shut off the engine, evacuate upwind at least 100 feet away, then call 911.

School bus evacuation: front students exit first, then rear, with the driver supervising from outside the door.

Interstate charter briefing before departure covers exits, seat belts if installed, and fire extinguisher location.

An unruly passenger is handled by stopping in a safe location; the driver does not physically restrain except to prevent imminent harm.

Bloodborne pathogen rule: use gloves and a bodily-fluid cleanup kit, and report exposure to the carrier.

Seat belts are required where installed; the driver ensures passengers under 18 are belted.

Roof hatches must open from inside without tools and be secure after use; verify them during the pre-trip.

Following distance: one second per 10 feet of vehicle length below 40 mph, plus one second above 40 mph; a 40-foot bus needs 4 seconds below 40 mph and 5 above.

Swing wide on right turns and watch the right mirror for rear wheels cutting the corner.

Stopping distance grows with the square of speed; a loaded bus at highway speed needs roughly a football field to stop on dry pavement.

Enter curves below the posted advisory speed, brake before the curve, and accelerate gently after the apex.

On downgrades, select a lower gear before the descent and use engine braking; continuous service braking overheats drums and causes fade.

Know the vehicle height including roof hatches and check posted clearance signs before passing under a bridge or overpass.

Night driving: keep stopping distance within the illuminated distance of the headlights; high beams reach about 350 feet, low beams about 100 feet.

Backing requires a spotter when available; otherwise get out and check behind the vehicle before reversing.

Hand-held phone use while driving a CMV is prohibited except to contact emergency services.

11-hour rule: at most 11 hours of driving after 10 consecutive hours off duty.

14-hour window: no driving beyond the 14th consecutive hour after coming on duty; the window does not pause for meals or breaks.

30-minute break required after 8 cumulative hours of driving without a 30-minute interruption of driving.

60/7 and 70/8 limits: no driving after 60 hours on duty in 7 days or 70 hours in 8 days; a 34-hour restart resets the cycle.

Passenger carriers are not required to use ELDs, but drivers keep paper records of duty status for the current day and prior 7 days.

A driver must be off duty 8 consecutive hours and may not drive while fatigued or ill; fatigue is impairment.

Sleeper-berth split: 10 hours off may be split into periods of at least 7 hours and at least 2 hours.

Adverse driving conditions may extend the 11- and 14-hour limits by up to 2 hours only for conditions not reasonably known before dispatch.

RODS entries must be current to the last change of duty status; retain supporting documents such as fuel and toll receipts.

Pennsylvania law: a bus carrying passengers must stop at every railroad-highway grade crossing, marked or unmarked, unless the crossing is exempted by the state.

Stop within 50 feet but not less than 15 feet from the nearest rail, set the parking brake, open the door and window, and listen and look both ways.

Confirm space beyond the crossing to clear the tracks completely; never stop on the tracks.

Cross only in a gear that will not require shifting; shifting on the tracks risks a stall.

If stalled on the tracks: evacuate immediately, move passengers at least 100 feet away and upwind, then call 911 and the railroad emergency number.

Never drive around a lowered gate or past flashing lights; a second train can follow the first.

Flashing red lights mean stop; a yield sign means slow and be ready to stop, not that stopping is optional.

Do not enter the crossing until the space beyond is clear of traffic.

Crash with injury or fatality: stop, render aid within training, protect the scene, call 911, and notify the carrier immediately.

Exchange name, address, license, plate, carrier, and insurance information with the other party and aid anyone injured.

Do not leave the scene until permitted by law enforcement, and do not use alcohol or drugs after the crash until tested.

Reportable crash in Pennsylvania: injury, fatality, or a vehicle towed from the scene must be reported to the carrier, which files with PennDOT.

Breakdown: pull as far right as possible, set the parking brake, turn on hazard flashers, place reflective triangles, and move passengers away from traffic.

Triangle placement on a two-lane road: 10 feet, 100 feet, and 200 feet behind the vehicle; on a divided highway, 10 feet and 100 feet behind and 100 feet ahead.

Passengers must not stand on the roadway or beside the bus; move them behind a guardrail or up a slope.

Report the breakdown to the carrier and request a relief bus and police traffic control if the bus cannot be moved.

Post-crash testing must occur within 8 hours for alcohol and 32 hours for drugs under federal rules.

CDL passenger endorsement (P) requires the passenger transport knowledge test and the passenger vehicle inspection test; the school bus endorsement (S) is separate.

A driver must hold and carry a valid medical examiner's certificate; the carrier keeps a copy in the driver qualification file.

Driver qualification file: application, motor vehicle record, road test certificate or equivalent, medical certificate, and annual review of driving record.

A CDL is disqualified for 1 year for a first offense of driving a CMV with a BAC of 0.04 or higher, and for life for a second offense.

Pre-employment screening includes an FMCSA Drug and Alcohol Clearinghouse query with the driver's consent.

A driver selected for random drug testing must submit or be removed from safety-sensitive duty.

Report any traffic violation other than parking to the carrier within 30 days; the carrier reviews the driving record annually.

Passenger carriers must display the carrier name and USDOT number on both sides of vehicles with a GVWR over 10,000 pounds.

No measurable alcohol concentration is permitted while operating a CMV, and marijuana use is prohibited even where state law permits.

Passengers may not carry hazardous materials aboard a bus, including gasoline cans, propane cylinders, fireworks, and large lithium battery packs.

The hazmat endorsement (H) requires a TSA security threat assessment and a knowledge test; the P endorsement alone does not authorize hazmat transport.

Placarding is required at 1,001 pounds or more aggregate gross weight of a hazard class requiring placards, or any amount of a Table 2 material.

Nine hazard classes: explosives, gases, flammable liquids, flammable solids, oxidizers, toxic and infectious substances, radioactive, corrosive, and miscellaneous.

Placards are diamond-shaped, 10.75 inches per side, and displayed on all four sides of the vehicle when required.

Shipping papers must be within the driver's reach and produced immediately on request; emergency response information must accompany them.

The ERG uses guide numbers keyed to the material's placard for initial response.

On discovering a leak or spill: stop, keep people away and upwind, notify the carrier and responders, and do not attempt cleanup without training and equipment.

A driver who suspects a passenger is carrying hazmat must refuse boarding and notify the carrier.

Pre-trip inspection within 24 hours before driving; driver signs a report listing defects.

Seven-step order: overview and paperwork, engine compartment, cab and controls, walk-around lights, brake check, suspension and undercarriage, start-up and air-brake tests.

Static air leak test: engine off, full pressure, parking brake released, service brake held; loss must not exceed 3 psi/min single or 4 psi/min combination.

Low-air warning must activate before pressure falls below 60 psi; spring brakes must set between 20 and 45 psi.

Build-up test: with pressure below 85 psi at fast idle, pressure must rise from 85 to 100 psi within 45 seconds.

Bus checks: emergency exits open and alarm, stop arm and crossing gate extend, fire extinguisher charged and mounted, first-aid kit sealed, seats secure.

Tire minimums: 4/32 inch tread on front axles, 2/32 inch on other axles; reject cuts, bulges, or exposed cord.

After the trip the driver reviews the report and certifies in writing that defects were repaired or that no repair was needed.

Standees are prohibited on a highway with a posted limit above 35 mph; school children must be seated.

Driver counts passengers boarding and alighting and reconciles the count before moving to prevent leaving a child aboard.

No loading beyond registered seating or standing capacity; no passenger in an aisle or on stairs.

Board only at a designated stop or a safe location off the travel lane; stop with right wheels within 12 inches of the curb where practical.

Do not move until boarding passengers are seated or braced and doors are closed; the door interlock must prevent motion with the rear door open.

Baggage must not block the aisle, cover exit signs, or obstruct an emergency door.

Check mirrors and the right side for cyclists and pedestrians before opening the doors at a stop.

Wheelchair securement requires a four-point tie-down plus lap and shoulder belt; operate the lift only with the parking brake set.

Bus emergency exits: side windows, roof hatches, rear door, and side door, each marked with a red exit sign and operating instructions.

Fire response: stop, set the parking brake, shut off the engine, evacuate upwind at least 100 feet away, then call 911.

School bus evacuation: front students exit first, then rear, with the driver supervising from outside the door.

Interstate charter briefing before departure covers exits, seat belts if installed, and fire extinguisher location.

An unruly passenger is handled by stopping in a safe location; the driver does not physically restrain except to prevent imminent harm.

Bloodborne pathogen rule: use gloves and a bodily-fluid cleanup kit, and report exposure to the carrier.

Seat belts are required where installed; the driver ensures passengers under 18 are belted.

Roof hatches must open from inside without tools and be secure after use; verify them during the pre-trip.

Following distance: one second per 10 feet of vehicle length below 40 mph, plus one second above 40 mph; a 40-foot bus needs 4 seconds below 40 mph and 5 above.

Swing wide on right turns and watch the right mirror for rear wheels cutting the corner.

Stopping distance grows with the square of speed; a loaded bus at highway speed needs roughly a football field to stop on dry pavement.

Enter curves below the posted advisory speed, brake before the curve, and accelerate gently after the apex.

On downgrades, select a lower gear before the descent and use engine braking; continuous service braking overheats drums and causes fade.

Know the vehicle height including roof hatches and check posted clearance signs before passing under a bridge or overpass.

Night driving: keep stopping distance within the illuminated distance of the headlights; high beams reach about 350 feet, low beams about 100 feet.

Backing requires a spotter when available; otherwise get out and check behind the vehicle before reversing.

Hand-held phone use while driving a CMV is prohibited except to contact emergency services.

11-hour rule: at most 11 hours of driving after 10 consecutive hours off duty.

14-hour window: no driving beyond the 14th consecutive hour after coming on duty; the window does not pause for meals or breaks.

30-minute break required after 8 cumulative hours of driving without a 30-minute interruption of driving.

60/7 and 70/8 limits: no driving after 60 hours on duty in 7 days or 70 hours in 8 days; a 34-hour restart resets the cycle.

Passenger carriers are not required to use ELDs, but drivers keep paper records of duty status for the current day and prior 7 days.

A driver must be off duty 8 consecutive hours and may not drive while fatigued or ill; fatigue is impairment.

Sleeper-berth split: 10 hours off may be split into periods of at least 7 hours and at least 2 hours.

Adverse driving conditions may extend the 11- and 14-hour limits by up to 2 hours only for conditions not reasonably known before dispatch.

RODS entries must be current to the last change of duty status; retain supporting documents such as fuel and toll receipts.

Pennsylvania law: a bus carrying passengers must stop at every railroad-highway grade crossing, marked or unmarked, unless the crossing is exempted by the state.

Stop within 50 feet but not less than 15 feet from the nearest rail, set the parking brake, open the door and window, and listen and look both ways.

Confirm space beyond the crossing to clear the tracks completely; never stop on the tracks.

Cross only in a gear that will not require shifting; shifting on the tracks risks a stall.

If stalled on the tracks: evacuate immediately, move passengers at least 100 feet away and upwind, then call 911 and the railroad emergency number.

Never drive around a lowered gate or past flashing lights; a second train can follow the first.

Flashing red lights mean stop; a yield sign means slow and be ready to stop, not that stopping is optional.

Do not enter the crossing until the space beyond is clear of traffic.

Crash with injury or fatality: stop, render aid within training, protect the scene, call 911, and notify the carrier immediately.

Exchange name, address, license, plate, carrier, and insurance information with the other party and aid anyone injured.

Do not leave the scene until permitted by law enforcement, and do not use alcohol or drugs after the crash until tested.

Reportable crash in Pennsylvania: injury, fatality, or a vehicle towed from the scene must be reported to the carrier, which files with PennDOT.

Breakdown: pull as far right as possible, set the parking brake, turn on hazard flashers, place reflective triangles, and move passengers away from traffic.

Triangle placement on a two-lane road: 10 feet, 100 feet, and 200 feet behind the vehicle; on a divided highway, 10 feet and 100 feet behind and 100 feet ahead.

Passengers must not stand on the roadway or beside the bus; move them behind a guardrail or up a slope.

Report the breakdown to the carrier and request a relief bus and police traffic control if the bus cannot be moved.

Post-crash testing must occur within 8 hours for alcohol and 32 hours for drugs under federal rules.

CDL passenger endorsement (P) requires the passenger transport knowledge test and the passenger vehicle inspection test; the school bus endorsement (S) is separate.

A driver must hold and carry a valid medical examiner's certificate; the carrier keeps a copy in the driver qualification file.

Driver qualification file: application, motor vehicle record, road test certificate or equivalent, medical certificate, and annual review of driving record.

A CDL is disqualified for 1 year for a first offense of driving a CMV with a BAC of 0.04 or higher, and for life for a second offense.

Pre-employment screening includes an FMCSA Drug and Alcohol Clearinghouse query with the driver's consent.

A driver selected for random drug testing must submit or be removed from safety-sensitive duty.

Report any traffic violation other than parking to the carrier within 30 days; the carrier reviews the driving record annually.

Passenger carriers must display the carrier name and USDOT number on both sides of vehicles with a GVWR over 10,000 pounds.

No measurable alcohol concentration is permitted while operating a CMV, and marijuana use is prohibited even where state law permits.

Passengers may not carry hazardous materials aboard a bus, including gasoline cans, propane cylinders, fireworks, and large lithium battery packs.

The hazmat endorsement (H) requires a TSA security threat assessment and a knowledge test; the P endorsement alone does not authorize hazmat transport.

Placarding is required at 1,001 pounds or more aggregate gross weight of a hazard class requiring placards, or any amount of a Table 2 material.

Nine hazard classes: explosives, gases, flammable liquids, flammable solids, oxidizers, toxic and infectious substances, radioactive, corrosive, and miscellaneous.

Placards are diamond-shaped, 10.75 inches per side, and displayed on all four sides of the vehicle when required.

Shipping papers must be within the driver's reach and produced immediately on request; emergency response information must accompany them.

The ERG uses guide numbers keyed to the material's placard for initial response.

On discovering a leak or spill: stop, keep people away and upwind, notify the carrier and responders, and do not attempt cleanup without training and equipment.

A driver who suspects a passenger is carrying hazmat must refuse boarding and notify the carrier.