CAAP Instrument Rating Knowledge Exam flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

MEA

Minimum Enroute Altitude: the lowest published altitude between radio fixes that assures obstacle clearance and acceptable navigation signal coverage along the entire route segment.

MOCA

Minimum Obstruction Clearance Altitude: the lowest published altitude that meets obstacle clearance requirements within 22 nautical miles of a VOR, but may not provide navigation signal coverage.

Squawk 7600

The transponder code used to indicate a radio communication failure. ATC interprets this code as loss of two-way radio and applies standard radio failure procedures.

Clearance void time

A time issued by ATC by which an aircraft must be airborne; if not airborne by that time, the clearance is void and the pilot must not proceed under IFR.

VOR radial

A magnetic bearing extending FROM a VOR station. Setting the OBS to a radial and centering the CDI with a TO indication places the aircraft on that radial.

Localizer

The lateral guidance component of an ILS, transmitting on a frequency in the 108.10 to 111.95 MHz band. It provides course guidance aligned with the runway centerline.

LPV approach

Localizer Performance with Vertical guidance: an RNAV approach using SBAS that provides lateral and vertical guidance to a decision altitude, similar to an ILS.

RAIM

Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring: a GPS function that checks the integrity of the position solution. RAIM must be available for GPS-based approaches.

Relative bearing

The angle measured clockwise from the aircraft nose to the station, as shown on the ADF. Relative bearing plus magnetic heading equals the magnetic bearing to the station.

Freezing rain

Rain that falls as liquid but freezes on contact with a surface below 0 degrees Celsius. It indicates a warm layer aloft above a subfreezing layer and is a severe icing hazard.

Microburst

A localized downdraft that can produce a downdraft of up to 6,000 feet per minute and a rapid headwind-to-tailwind shift, causing a sudden loss of airspeed and lift.

TEMPO in TAF

A TAF change indicator meaning temporary fluctuations in conditions expected to last less than one hour at a time and covering less than half the forecast period.

High to low

A memory aid: flying from high pressure to low pressure without resetting the altimeter causes the aircraft to be lower than the indicated altitude. 'High to low, look out below.'

Alternate fuel

Fuel required to fly from the destination to the alternate airport, plus approach and landing. It is added to trip fuel and reserve fuel for IFR flight planning.

Equal time point

The point on a route where the time to continue to destination equals the time to return to the departure point. It is computed from outbound and inbound groundspeeds.

Zero fuel weight

The weight of the aircraft plus payload but excluding usable fuel. Adding fuel to zero fuel weight gives ramp weight for weight and balance computations.

True airspeed rule

True airspeed increases approximately 2 percent per 1,000 feet of altitude for a given indicated airspeed, due to decreasing air density.

Somatogravic illusion

A false sensation of pitching up during acceleration, caused by the vestibular system misinterpreting linear acceleration as a change in attitude. Trust the attitude indicator.

The leans

A false sensation of being upright after a sudden correction from a bank. The pilot feels level while the aircraft is actually banked; recover by reference to instruments.

Sterile cockpit

A rule prohibiting non-essential conversation and activity during critical phases of flight, typically below 10,000 feet and during taxi, takeoff, approach, and landing.

Time of useful consciousness

The time from loss of oxygen to inability to perform useful tasks. At 25,000 feet it is about 3 to 5 minutes; at 40,000 feet about 15 to 20 seconds.

Vacuum system failure

Loss of vacuum pressure causes the attitude indicator and heading indicator to fail. The turn coordinator, which is electrically powered, remains available for attitude reference.

Standard-rate turn

A turn of 3 degrees per second, completing 360 degrees in two minutes. It is used in partial-panel flying to control bank without an attitude indicator.

Blocked pitot tube

A blocked pitot tube causes the airspeed indicator to behave like an altimeter: it shows increasing airspeed in a climb and decreasing airspeed in a descent.

Alternate static source

A backup static port used when the primary static port is blocked. It restores altimeter, airspeed, and vertical speed indications, though readings may be slightly inaccurate.

CAAP

The Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines, the national aviation authority responsible for licensing, certification, and oversight of civil aviation, including instrument ratings.

IFR recency

To act as pilot in command under IFR, a pilot must have logged six instrument approaches, holding procedures, and intercepting and tracking courses within the preceding six months.

Class A airspace

Airspace in the Philippines beginning at 18,000 feet MSL where IFR operations are required. All aircraft must be on an IFR flight plan and cleared by ATC.

Decision altitude

The altitude on a precision approach at which a missed approach must be initiated if the required visual references are not in sight. It is referenced to mean sea level.

Minimum descent altitude

The lowest altitude on a non-precision approach to which descent is authorized until the required visual references are in sight and the aircraft can land.

Teardrop entry

A holding pattern entry used when approaching from an offset on the opposite side of the holding course; the aircraft turns to intercept the inbound course after a 30-degree offset.

Final approach fix

The fix that marks the beginning of the final approach segment and the point from which descent to the minimum descent altitude or decision altitude is authorized.