CSE-PPT Subprofessional cheat sheet

Analogy relationships include synonym, antonym, part-to-whole, cause-and-effect, function, and category-to-member; find the relation in the first pair, then apply the same relation to the second.

Subject-verb agreement: a singular subject takes a singular verb; intervening phrases such as 'together with', 'as well as', and 'along with' do not change the number of the subject.

Collective nouns (team, committee, jury, staff) take a singular verb when acting as one unit and a plural verb when members act individually.

Use 'fewer' with countable nouns and 'less' with mass nouns; use 'number' for countable items and 'amount' for mass nouns.

Pronoun case: use subject pronouns (I, he, she, they, who) for subjects and object pronouns (me, him, her, them, whom) for objects and after prepositions.

A modifier should sit next to the word it describes; an introductory modifier must refer to the subject of the main clause, otherwise it dangles.

Parallel structure: items in a series or comparison must share the same grammatical form (all nouns, all gerunds, or all infinitives).

Paragraph organization: the topic sentence states the main idea, supporting sentences follow a logical order (chronological, cause-effect, general-to-specific), and the closing sentence wraps up.

'Between' is used for two items and 'among' for three or more; 'lie/rise/sit' are intransitive while 'lay/raise/set' take a direct object.

Percent change = (new value − old value) ÷ old value × 100; a 20% increase followed by a 20% decrease yields less than the original amount.

Part = rate × base. To find the base, divide the part by the rate (15% of what number is 45 → 45 ÷ 0.15 = 300).

To multiply fractions, multiply numerators and denominators; to divide, multiply by the reciprocal of the divisor, then reduce.

A ratio a:b scales by a common factor; to split a total T in the ratio a:b, the shares are T × a/(a+b) and T × b/(a+b).

Order of operations: parentheses and exponents first, then multiplication and division from left to right, then addition and subtraction from left to right.

Average (mean) = sum of all items ÷ number of items; a missing item = (required mean × count) − sum of the known items.

Simple interest = principal × annual rate × time in years; for months use n/12 and for days use n/360 in the ordinary banker's convention.

Work/rate: combined rate = sum of individual rates; if A finishes in x hours and B in y hours, together they finish in xy/(x+y) hours.

Distance = rate × time; for objects moving toward each other add the speeds, for objects moving in the same direction subtract the speeds.

Alphabetize letter by letter from left to right; nothing precedes something, so 'Cruz' files before 'Cruz, Ana', and ignore spaces, punctuation, and leading articles.

Individual names are filed surname first, then first name, then middle initial: 'Maria Santos Reyes' becomes 'Reyes, Maria S.'

Numeric filing arranges entries by value digit by digit from the left, so 9 precedes 10 and 100 precedes 101 - never alphabetical order of digits.

Chronological filing sorts by year first, then month, then day; the most recent date may be placed at the front or back depending on the office system.

Alphanumeric codes are ordered by the numeric portion ascending, then by the letter portion alphabetically, unless the office rule specifies letter first.

When comparing names, check spelling letter by letter, watching for doubled letters, transposed pairs (ie/ei) and dropped silent letters.

Commonly misspelled words: accommodate (double c, double m), occurrence (double c, double r), separate (one e in the middle), definitely (no 'a').

Cross-reference sheets are placed in a file to point to a related record when a document may be requested under a different name or subject.

Data checking sorts list entries into four categories: identical, misspelled or altered, missing from one list, and extra entries.

1987 Constitution, Article II, Sec. 1: the Philippines is a democratic and republican State; sovereignty resides in the people and all government authority emanates from them.

RA 6713 (Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for Public Officials and Employees) lists eight norms, including commitment to public interest, professionalism, political neutrality, and simple living.

RA 6713 requires public officials to file the Statement of Assets, Liabilities and Net Worth within 30 days of assuming office and every year on or before April 30.

RA 3019 is the Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act; the Ombudsman, an independent Constitutional body, investigates and prosecutes erring public officials.

The three Constitutional Commissions - Civil Service Commission, COMELEC, and Commission on Audit - are independent; the CSC is the central personnel agency.

Article XI of the 1987 Constitution governs Accountability of Public Officers; Article III is the Bill of Rights, guaranteeing due process and equal protection.

Article II, Sec. 16 of the 1987 Constitution: the State shall protect and advance the people's right to a balanced and healthful ecology in accord with the rhythm and harmony of nature.

RA 9003 is the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act, RA 8749 the Philippine Clean Air Act, and RA 9275 the Philippine Clean Water Act.

National government has three branches: executive (President and Cabinet), legislative (Senate and House of Representatives), and judicial (Supreme Court and lower courts).