CSE-PPT Subprofessional flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Analogy

A comparison in which two pairs of words share the same logical relationship; identify the relation in the given pair, then apply the identical relation to choose the missing term.

Subject-verb agreement

The rule that a singular subject takes a singular verb and a plural subject takes a plural verb; phrases appearing between the subject and the verb do not change the verb's number.

Fewer versus less

Use 'fewer' with countable nouns such as coins, chairs, or applicants; use 'less' with mass nouns such as water or sugar, and with figures and measurements.

Dangling modifier

A modifier that fails to attach to the word it describes because the intended subject is missing from the main clause, as in 'Walking to the office, the rain soaked him.'

Topic sentence

The sentence that states the main idea of a paragraph; the remaining sentences support or illustrate it, and the closing sentence restates or concludes the idea.

Parallel structure

Using the same grammatical form for items in a series or comparison; 'swimming, reading, and hiking' is parallel, while 'swimming, reading, and to hike' is not.

Who versus whom

Use 'who' when the pronoun acts as the subject of a clause (Who called?) and 'whom' when it acts as an object or follows a preposition (To whom was it sent?).

Their, there, they're

Homophones that differ by function: 'their' is possessive, 'there' shows place or existence, and 'they're' is the contraction of 'they are'; test the grammatical slot.

Percentage formula

Part = rate × base. To find the base, divide the part by the rate; to find the rate, divide the part by the base and express the result as a percent.

Successive percentage changes

Two percentage changes do not simply add. A 20% increase followed by a 20% decrease leaves 96% of the original, a net loss of 4%, not zero.

Ratio and proportion

A proportion states that two ratios are equal (a/b = c/d); cross-multiply to solve, since a × d = b × c, and use the common factor to scale totals.

Weighted average

The mean that accounts for groups of unequal size; multiply each value by its weight, add the products, then divide by the total of the weights.

Simple interest

Interest = principal × annual rate × time in years. On 10,000 pesos at 6% for nine months, interest = 10,000 × 0.06 × 9/12 = 450 pesos.

Work rate formula

If one worker finishes a job in a hours and another in b hours, their combined rate is 1/a + 1/b per hour and together they finish in ab/(a+b) hours.

Order of operations

Evaluate parentheses and exponents first, then multiplication and division from left to right, then addition and subtraction from left to right; this sequence prevents ambiguity in expressions.

Discount on marked price

Price after discount = original price × (1 − discount rate). Successive discounts of 20% then 10% equal a single discount of 28%, not 30%.

Alphabetical filing order

Arrange entries letter by letter from left to right; nothing precedes something, so a shorter name of the same spelling is filed ahead of its longer form.

Surname-first filing

Individual names are inverted for filing as surname, then first name, then middle initial, so 'Maria Santos Reyes' is filed as 'Reyes, Maria S.'

Numeric filing

Entries are arranged by numerical value, digit by digit from the left, so 9 is filed before 10 and 100 before 101, unlike alphabetical order of digits.

Chronological filing

Records are sorted by date, reading the year first, then the month, then the day, so all 2023 documents file together ahead of all 2024 documents.

Cross-reference sheet

A sheet placed in a file to indicate where a related record is kept, used when a document may be requested under another name, subject, or code.

Detecting misspelled words

Compare each word letter by letter with the standard spelling, watching for doubled letters, transposed pairs such as ie versus ei, and dropped silent letters.

Alphanumeric filing

Mixed codes are ordered first by the numeric portion in ascending value, then by the letter portion alphabetically, unless the office rule states the reverse.

Transposition error

A clerical mistake in which two adjacent characters are swapped, such as typing 'form' for 'from' or '5132' for '5123'; character-by-character comparison catches it.

RA 6713

The Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for Public Officials and Employees, which sets eight norms of conduct and requires annual and assumption-of-office SALN filing.

SALN

The Statement of Assets, Liabilities and Net Worth, filed by public officials within 30 days of assuming office and every year on or before April 30 under RA 6713.

Three branches of government

The 1987 Constitution divides national government into the executive (President and Cabinet), legislative (Senate and House of Representatives), and judicial (Supreme Court and lower courts).

Bill of Rights

Article III of the 1987 Constitution, which guarantees due process, equal protection, freedom of speech and assembly, and protection against unreasonable searches and seizures.

Civil Service Commission

The central personnel agency of the Philippine government and one of the three independent Constitutional Commissions; it administers civil service examinations, including the CSE-PPT.

RA 9003

The Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000, which requires waste segregation at source, establishes materials recovery facilities, and prohibits open dumping of solid waste.

Ombudsman

An independent Constitutional body, also called the Tanodbayan, that investigates and prosecutes public officials accused of graft, corruption, and related administrative offenses.

Right to balanced ecology

Article II, Section 16 of the 1987 Constitution provides that the State shall protect and advance the people's right to a balanced and healthful ecology.