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DOLE-Recognized Occupational First Aider study materials
DOLE-Recognized Occupational First Aider study resources

DOLE-Recognized Occupational First Aider practice questions

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Question 1Roles, Responsibilities, and Legal Framework

Under the Philippine Occupational Safety and Health Standards, who is required to be trained and certified as a first aider in every workplace?

  1. Any employee who volunteers, with no minimum number required
  2. Only employees working in the mining and construction industries
  3. At least one employee per shift trained in first aid where the number of workers requires it Correct answer.
  4. Only the company physician and the safety officer

Explanation

The OSH Standards require employers to maintain trained first aiders proportionate to the number of workers and to ensure coverage on each shift. The obligation attaches to the workplace as a whole, not to a single designated individual such as the physician. Coverage must exist whenever workers are present, including night and weekend shifts.

Question 2Roles, Responsibilities, and Legal Framework

A newly hired worker asks what the primary role of a DOLE-recognized occupational first aider is during a workplace emergency. Which description best captures that role?

  1. To supervise the evacuation of the entire facility and account for all personnel
  2. To provide immediate, temporary care within the limits of training and to facilitate referral to medical services Correct answer.
  3. To investigate the accident and file the incident report with DOLE
  4. To diagnose injuries and prescribe medication until the physician arrives

Explanation

The occupational first aider gives immediate basic care within the scope of certified training and arranges prompt transfer to qualified medical care. First aid is temporary and supportive, not diagnostic or prescriptive. Accident investigation and overall evacuation command belong to other safety roles.

Question 3Roles, Responsibilities, and Legal Framework

Which document primarily governs the minimum training content and recognition of occupational first aiders in Philippine workplaces?

  1. The OSH Standards issued by DOLE, as amended Correct answer.
  2. The Fire Code of the Philippines
  3. The National Building Code
  4. The Labor Code provisions on apprenticeships

Explanation

The DOLE OSH Standards set out the employer's duty to provide trained first aiders, the minimum training, and the recognition framework. The Labor Code provides general worker protection but the detailed first aid rules sit in the OSH Standards. The Fire Code and Building Code address fire safety and construction, not first aid certification.

Question 4Roles, Responsibilities, and Legal Framework

An employer with a workforce that requires multiple first aiders wants to know the general principle behind how many must be trained. Which principle applies?

  1. The number is decided solely by the company physician's preference
  2. The number depends on the ratio of workers to trained first aiders set by the standards Correct answer.
  3. The number is set by the local fire station during inspection
  4. The number is fixed at exactly two regardless of workforce size

Explanation

The standards use a worker-to-first-aider ratio so that coverage scales with the size of the workforce and the hazard level. It is not a single fixed number for all establishments. The physician may advise but cannot override the regulatory ratio, and the fire station does not set first aid staffing.

Question 5Roles, Responsibilities, and Legal Framework

A first aider finishes assisting a worker who suffered a minor laceration. Which documentation practice best reflects the responsibilities attached to the role?

  1. Send the worker's medical details to all department heads by email
  2. Record the incident, the care given, and any referral in the first aid log or incident record Correct answer.
  3. Post the worker's name and diagnosis on the company bulletin board
  4. Keep no record because minor injuries are not reportable

Explanation

Accurate recording of the injury, the care provided, and any referral supports continuity of care and the employer's OSH reporting duties. Records also help identify recurring hazards. Confidentiality rules mean medical details should not be broadcast beyond those who need them.

Question 6Roles, Responsibilities, and Legal Framework

Which statement correctly describes the boundary between first aid and definitive medical treatment?

  1. First aiders may perform any procedure they have observed a nurse perform
  2. First aiders may give injections if the worker consents
  3. First aiders provide care within their certified training and hand over to higher-level care as soon as practicable Correct answer.
  4. First aiders may suture wounds if a sterile kit is available

Explanation

The first aider's authority derives from certified training, and care beyond that scope must be referred to physicians, nurses, or emergency medical services. Observing a procedure does not confer competence or legal authority to perform it. Invasive procedures such as injections and suturing fall outside first aid scope.

Question 7Roles, Responsibilities, and Legal Framework

A first aider suspects a worker has a serious internal injury after a fall. What is the most appropriate action consistent with the role?

  1. Ask the worker to walk to the clinic to confirm whether the injury is serious
  2. Give painkillers from the clinic cabinet and let the worker rest
  3. Send the worker home and advise a follow-up check the next day
  4. Keep the worker still, monitor vital signs, and arrange urgent transfer to a hospital Correct answer.

Explanation

Suspected internal injury requires immobilization, monitoring, and urgent referral because deterioration can be rapid and hidden. First aiders do not administer medication on their own initiative. Movement and delay increase the risk of complications and are inconsistent with the duty to facilitate prompt medical care.

Question 8Roles, Responsibilities, and Legal Framework

Why does the OSH framework require trained first aiders to be present on every shift, including night shifts?

  1. Because night shift workers are legally entitled to a higher hazard pay rate
  2. Because first aiders are only needed when a physician is off duty
  3. Because the risk of injury exists whenever work is performed, so coverage must match actual operations Correct answer.
  4. Because DOLE inspectors only visit at night

Explanation

The requirement to maintain first aiders on each shift follows from the fact that hazards do not disappear outside daytime hours. Effective coverage must mirror when workers are actually exposed to risk. Hazard pay and inspection timing are unrelated to the staffing rule.

Question 9Roles, Responsibilities, and Legal Framework

A worker refuses first aid and insists on returning to work after a chemical splash. What should the first aider do first?

  1. Explain the risks, encourage immediate decontamination, and escalate to the supervisor and safety officer Correct answer.
  2. Report the worker to DOLE for violating safety rules
  3. Respect the refusal completely and take no further action
  4. Physically restrain the worker and force treatment

Explanation

The first aider should inform the worker of the risks, urge appropriate care, and escalate the matter so management can act on its OSH obligations. Refusal does not remove the employer's duty to prevent harm. Force and direct reporting to DOLE are not the first aider's proper tools.

Question 10Roles, Responsibilities, and Legal Framework

Which set of duties most accurately reflects the responsibilities of a DOLE-recognized occupational first aider beyond direct casualty care?

  1. Conducting structural inspections and certifying scaffolding
  2. Maintaining first aid supplies, participating in drills, and promoting health and safety awareness Correct answer.
  3. Negotiating collective bargaining agreements with the union
  4. Auditing the company's payroll and tax compliance

Explanation

The role extends to readiness and prevention: keeping kits stocked and serviceable, joining emergency drills, and reinforcing safety awareness among workers. Technical inspection and certification of equipment belong to qualified safety and engineering personnel. Labor relations and finance are entirely outside the first aider's function.

Question 11Roles, Responsibilities, and Legal Framework

An employer wants to send a worker for first aid training. Which condition is most consistent with the standards for producing a recognized occupational first aider?

  1. A one-hour orientation given by the company nurse
  2. Any online video course completed at home with a self-issued certificate
  3. A training program delivered by a DOLE-recognized training provider with the prescribed content and duration Correct answer.
  4. A seminar on fire extinguisher use

Explanation

Recognition depends on completing the prescribed first aid curriculum through a training provider recognized under the OSH framework. Content and duration must meet the standards so that the trainee acquires the required competencies. Self-issued certificates, brief orientations, and unrelated seminars do not confer recognition.

Question 12Roles, Responsibilities, and Legal Framework

During an emergency, a first aider must decide whether to move an injured worker. Which consideration should guide the decision?

  1. Move the worker only if a supervisor gives verbal permission
  2. Move the worker immediately in all cases to clear the work area
  3. Never move any injured worker under any circumstances
  4. Move only when there is immediate danger such as fire or collapse, or when necessary for safe transport Correct answer.

Explanation

Movement risks worsening spinal or internal injuries, so it is justified mainly when staying put is more dangerous or when transport requires it. The decision rests on the hazard assessment, not on blanket rules. Waiting for permission can waste critical time when danger is imminent.

Question 13Roles, Responsibilities, and Legal Framework

A first aider notices that the workplace first aid kit is missing sterile dressings and gloves. What is the most appropriate response under the role's responsibilities?

  1. Take supplies from another worker's personal belongings
  2. Substitute improvised materials and say nothing
  3. Ignore the shortage until the annual DOLE inspection
  4. Report the deficiency and request replenishment so the kit is ready for use Correct answer.

Explanation

Maintaining a complete, serviceable first aid kit is part of the first aider's readiness duty, and deficiencies should be reported promptly for replenishment. Waiting for an inspection leaves workers unprotected in the interim. Improvised substitutes and taking others' property are not acceptable practices.

Question 14Roles, Responsibilities, and Legal Framework

Which statement best explains why the first aider's role includes confidentiality of worker health information?

  1. Because disclosure of medical details can harm worker dignity and trust, which undermines willingness to seek care Correct answer.
  2. Because first aiders are legally prohibited from speaking to anyone at all
  3. Because health information is company property that only managers may see
  4. Because confidentiality eliminates the need to document incidents

Explanation

Confidentiality protects worker dignity and encourages prompt reporting of injuries and symptoms. It is a need-to-know principle, not an absolute gag. Proper documentation still occurs and is shared only with those who require it for care, reporting, or prevention.

Question 15Roles, Responsibilities, and Legal Framework

A first aider is asked by a supervisor to sign a report stating that an injury was less serious than it actually appeared. What is the proper course of action?

  1. Sign but add a verbal note to the worker
  2. Sign the report to avoid conflict with the supervisor
  3. Delay documenting the incident until the supervisor changes their mind
  4. Refuse to falsify the record and document the injury accurately Correct answer.

Explanation

Accurate records are essential for the worker's protection and for the employer's OSH reporting obligations; falsification is never acceptable. The first aider should record the facts as observed and raise concerns through proper channels. Verbal side notes and delay do not correct a false record.

Question 16Roles, Responsibilities, and Legal Framework

How does the first aider's role relate to the safety officer's role in the workplace OSH structure?

  1. The two roles are complementary: the first aider handles casualty care and readiness, while the safety officer coordinates the broader OSH program Correct answer.
  2. The first aider replaces the safety officer in all safety functions
  3. The roles are identical and may be performed by the same untrained person
  4. The safety officer reports to the first aider on all medical matters

Explanation

First aiders and safety officers perform distinct but complementary functions within the OSH committee structure. The safety officer coordinates hazard control, training, and program implementation, while the first aider focuses on emergency care and first aid readiness. Neither role subsumes the other.

Question 17Roles, Responsibilities, and Legal Framework

An establishment has a small workforce but operates a high-hazard process. How should the first aider requirement be interpreted in this situation?

  1. A small workforce always means no first aider is required
  2. The requirement still applies, and hazard level may justify additional trained first aiders or stronger emergency arrangements Correct answer.
  3. Only the company physician can decide whether any first aider is needed
  4. Hazard level is irrelevant to the requirement

Explanation

The first aider requirement is not waived by small headcount, and higher hazard levels call for stronger emergency preparedness. Employers should assess risk and provide coverage proportionate to it. The physician may advise but does not determine whether the legal requirement applies.

Question 18Roles, Responsibilities, and Legal Framework

A first aider arrives at a scene with multiple casualties and limited supplies. Which principle should guide prioritization?

  1. Treat only workers with seniority in the company
  2. Triage by severity and survivability, giving priority to life-threatening conditions that can be helped Correct answer.
  3. Treat the loudest casualty first because distress signals severity
  4. Treat casualties strictly in the order they arrived at the clinic

Explanation

Triage allocates limited resources to those with the greatest need and chance of benefit, starting with life-threatening but treatable conditions. Order of arrival, noise level, and rank are not valid clinical priorities. This approach maximizes the number of lives saved with scarce supplies.

Question 19Roles, Responsibilities, and Legal Framework

Which action by a first aider best demonstrates compliance with the duty to facilitate referral rather than to substitute for medical care?

  1. Keeping a casualty under observation indefinitely at the workplace clinic
  2. Waiting for the worker to request a referral before acting
  3. Advising the worker to self-medicate at home
  4. Arranging transport to a hospital and communicating the care already given to the receiving facility Correct answer.

Explanation

Effective referral means transferring the casualty to appropriate medical care promptly and giving the receiving facility an accurate account of the first aid already provided. Indefinite observation, self-medication advice, and passive waiting all delay definitive treatment. Handover information improves continuity and safety.

Question 20Roles, Responsibilities, and Legal Framework

A company claims it meets the first aider requirement because its safety officer once attended a basic first aid seminar years ago. Which analysis is most accurate?

  1. The claim is sufficient because the safety officer holds a position of authority
  2. The claim is sufficient because any training counts permanently
  3. The claim is insufficient because recognition requires the prescribed first aider training, and currency of training should be maintained Correct answer.
  4. The claim is sufficient only if the seminar lasted at least one hour

Explanation

Recognition as an occupational first aider depends on completing the prescribed training, and skills need periodic updating to remain reliable. A single brief seminar does not meet the content or duration requirements. Positional authority does not substitute for certified first aid competence.

Question 21Scene Safety, Personal Protection, and Infection Control

Before approaching a collapsed worker in an enclosed storage room, the first aider's initial priority under the scene safety principle is to:

  1. Ask coworkers to record the incident on video
  2. Move the victim to an open area before any assessment
  3. Begin chest compressions immediately upon reaching the victim
  4. Identify and control hazards that could harm the rescuer or the victim Correct answer.

Explanation

Scene safety requires the first aider to survey for hazards such as toxic gas, electrical sources, or unstable structures before making contact. A rescuer who becomes a second casualty cannot help anyone and adds to the emergency. Assessment and care begin only after the scene is confirmed safe.

Question 22Scene Safety, Personal Protection, and Infection Control

A first aider arrives at a road crash where a motorcycle is leaking fuel near a still-conscious rider. The most appropriate immediate action is to:

  1. Stand over the rider and begin a full head-to-toe examination
  2. Light the area to check for further injuries
  3. Drag the rider away by the arms as fast as possible
  4. Shut off the ignition and eliminate ignition sources while keeping a safe distance Correct answer.

Explanation

A fuel leak creates a fire and explosion risk, so controlling ignition sources and keeping distance protects both rescuer and victim. Moving a conscious crash victim unnecessarily can worsen spinal injuries. A full examination is deferred until the fire hazard is managed.

Question 23Scene Safety, Personal Protection, and Infection Control

When entering a suspected oxygen-deficient confined space, the first aider should recognize that:

  1. Holding one's breath while pulling the victim out is an accepted technique
  2. A surgical mask provides adequate protection against oxygen deficiency
  3. Confined spaces are safe if the victim is still conscious
  4. Entry requires atmosphere testing and appropriate respiratory protection, not just a mask Correct answer.

Explanation

Oxygen deficiency cannot be detected by the senses and requires atmospheric testing plus supplied-air or self-contained breathing apparatus. A surgical mask filters particles only and offers no protection against a lack of oxygen. Untrained entry turns the rescuer into a second victim.

Question 24Scene Safety, Personal Protection, and Infection Control

The primary reason a first aider performs a glove check by inflating the gloves slightly before patient contact is to:

  1. Confirm the gloves are sterile inside the package
  2. Warm the gloves so the patient feels more comfortable
  3. Detect punctures or tears that would allow bloodborne pathogens to pass through Correct answer.
  4. Stretch the gloves so they fit more tightly

Explanation

Inflating gloves reveals pinholes or tears that are hard to see when the glove is flat. Intact gloves are a barrier against bloodborne pathogens such as hepatitis B and HIV. Comfort, fit adjustment, and sterility are not the purpose of this check.

Question 25Scene Safety, Personal Protection, and Infection Control

A first aider must remove disposable gloves after providing care. The correct technique is to:

  1. Blow into the gloves to loosen them before removal
  2. Pinch the outside of one glove and peel it off, then slide fingers under the second glove at the wrist Correct answer.
  3. Remove gloves only after washing the gloved hands with soap
  4. Pull each glove off by the fingertips with bare hands

Explanation

Gloves are removed by peeling one glove inside-out, then using the bare or inner-gloved fingers under the wrist of the second glove so it also turns inside-out. This keeps contaminated surfaces contained. Touching the outside with bare hands or washing gloved hands spreads contamination.

Question 26Scene Safety, Personal Protection, and Infection Control

During CPR on a patient with active bleeding from a facial wound, the first aider's mouth-to-mouth contact is best protected by:

  1. Turning the patient's head to the side before each breath
  2. Using a pocket mask or bag-valve device with a one-way valve Correct answer.
  3. Wiping the patient's mouth with a gloved finger between breaths
  4. Placing a single layer of gauze over the patient's mouth

Explanation

A pocket mask or bag-valve device with a one-way valve provides a barrier against blood and body fluids during rescue breathing. Gauze is not a barrier device and allows fluid transmission. Head positioning and wiping do not prevent exposure.

Question 27Scene Safety, Personal Protection, and Infection Control

Standard precautions in first aid require the responder to treat which of the following as potentially infectious?

  1. Only fluids from patients who disclose an infection
  2. All blood and body fluids of every patient, regardless of appearance Correct answer.
  3. Only blood that is visibly contaminated with dark material
  4. Only fluids from patients with a known needle-stick history

Explanation

Standard precautions apply universally because many bloodborne infections are asymptomatic and unknown to the responder. Visible appearance of blood or fluid does not indicate infectivity. Relying on disclosure or history would miss most exposures.

Question 28Scene Safety, Personal Protection, and Infection Control

After a first aider sustains a needlestick injury while assisting a patient, the immediate next step is to:

  1. Wait for symptoms to appear before seeking medical advice
  2. Squeeze the puncture site firmly to express blood and then continue care
  3. Wash the wound with soap and water and report to the designated health facility for evaluation Correct answer.
  4. Apply a tight tourniquet above the injury to stop any bleeding

Explanation

Immediate washing with soap and running water reduces contamination, and prompt reporting allows post-exposure prophylaxis evaluation within the recommended window. Squeezing, tourniquets, and delay are not recommended and can worsen outcomes.

Question 29Scene Safety, Personal Protection, and Infection Control

Hand hygiene with alcohol-based hand rub is appropriate in which of the following situations during first aid care?

  1. When hands are not visibly soiled and no running water is available Correct answer.
  2. When hands are visibly soiled with blood or dirt
  3. Before removing contaminated gloves
  4. After handling a patient with a known spore-forming infection

Explanation

Alcohol-based hand rub is suitable when hands are not visibly soiled and water is unavailable. Visible soiling requires soap and water because alcohol does not remove organic material effectively. Spore-forming organisms such as Clostridium difficile also require soap and water.

Question 30Scene Safety, Personal Protection, and Infection Control

A responder with a healing cut on the hand is preparing to give first aid. The most appropriate protection is to:

  1. Ask another responder to work without gloves instead
  2. Rely on the cut being scabbed and skip gloves
  3. Cover the cut with a waterproof dressing and wear intact gloves Correct answer.
  4. Apply a thin layer of petroleum jelly over the cut

Explanation

Non-intact skin is a portal of entry for bloodborne pathogens, so any cut must be covered with a waterproof dressing before gloves are worn. Petroleum jelly does not create a barrier and can degrade glove material. Skipping gloves or working ungloved exposes both parties.

Question 31Scene Safety, Personal Protection, and Infection Control

The first aider's eye protection is most clearly indicated when:

  1. Splashing or spraying of blood or body fluids is likely during care Correct answer.
  2. The care is provided outdoors
  3. The first aider is wearing contact lenses
  4. The patient is calm and cooperative

Explanation

Eye protection is indicated whenever splashing, spraying, or droplet generation is anticipated, such as during suctioning or arterial bleeding control. Calm behavior, contact lens use, and location do not determine the need for eye protection.

Question 32Scene Safety, Personal Protection, and Infection Control

When disposing of contaminated sharps generated during first aid, the correct practice is to:

  1. Recap the needle carefully and place it in a plastic bag
  2. Break the needle off and discard it in general waste
  3. Place them immediately in a puncture-resistant, labeled sharps container without recapping Correct answer.
  4. Store the needle in a pocket until a container is found

Explanation

Sharps must go directly into a puncture-resistant, labeled container, and recapping is avoided because it is a leading cause of needlestick injuries. Plastic bags, breaking needles, and pocket storage all increase injury and exposure risk.

Question 33Scene Safety, Personal Protection, and Infection Control

A first aider is caring for a patient with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis who is coughing. The most appropriate added precaution is to:

  1. Apply a surgical mask to the patient and use a respirator if available Correct answer.
  2. Wear gloves only and continue as usual
  3. Provide care without any facial protection
  4. Open no windows and keep the area closed

Explanation

Tuberculosis spreads by airborne droplets, so placing a surgical mask on the patient and using a fitted respiratory protection device reduces transmission. Gloves alone do not protect against airborne pathogens. Ventilation and facial protection matter in source control.

Question 34Scene Safety, Personal Protection, and Infection Control

Which action best demonstrates the principle of source control when a patient is bleeding heavily from an arm wound?

  1. Applying direct pressure with a barrier dressing while wearing gloves Correct answer.
  2. Asking the patient to hold the wound without any dressing
  3. Wiping the wound with a bare hand to see the injury
  4. Rinsing the wound with water before applying pressure

Explanation

Source control means containing the source of contamination while protecting the responder, achieved here with gloves and a barrier dressing under direct pressure. Bare-handed wiping and rinsing before pressure expose the responder and delay hemorrhage control.

Question 35Scene Safety, Personal Protection, and Infection Control

A first aider must move a victim from a smoke-filled room. The most defensible reasoning is that:

  1. The victim should be fully assessed before any movement
  2. The immediate life threat from smoke outweighs the risk of spinal movement Correct answer.
  3. Spinal injury is always more urgent than smoke inhalation
  4. The first aider should wait for a stretcher before moving the victim

Explanation

When an immediate environmental threat such as smoke or fire is present, urgent removal is justified because death from the hazard is imminent. Spinal precautions remain a consideration but do not override an immediate life threat. Full assessment and waiting for equipment are not possible in that setting.

Question 36Scene Safety, Personal Protection, and Infection Control

The first aider's personal protective equipment is removed in which correct order after patient care?

  1. Gloves first, then eye protection, gown, and finally mask or respirator Correct answer.
  2. Mask first, then gloves, then eye protection
  3. Gown first, then mask, then gloves last
  4. Eye protection first, then mask, then gloves last

Explanation

Contaminated gloves are removed first to prevent transfer to the face and other equipment, followed by eye protection, gown, and finally the mask or respirator. Removing the mask first would expose the face while contaminated gloves are still worn. The sequence minimizes self-contamination.

Question 37Scene Safety, Personal Protection, and Infection Control

A first aider is exposed to a patient's blood through a splash to the eyes. The immediate action is to:

  1. Apply antibiotic eye drops from the first aid kit
  2. Flush the eyes with clean water or saline for several minutes and seek medical evaluation Correct answer.
  3. Cover the eye with a patch and continue care
  4. Rub the eyes vigorously to remove the blood

Explanation

Eye splashes require immediate and prolonged flushing with clean water or saline to dilute and remove the contaminant. Rubbing can abrade the cornea and increase absorption. Antibiotic drops and patching are not first aid measures for exposure and delay proper evaluation.

Question 38Scene Safety, Personal Protection, and Infection Control

Which statement best reflects the role of immunization in protecting a first aider against bloodborne pathogens?

  1. Hepatitis B vaccination reduces risk but does not replace standard precautions Correct answer.
  2. Immunization protects against all bloodborne viruses
  3. Vaccination eliminates the need for gloves during care
  4. Vaccination is only needed after an exposure occurs

Explanation

Hepatitis B vaccination is a preventive measure that lowers risk but does not cover other pathogens such as HIV or hepatitis C. Standard precautions and personal protective equipment remain essential. Vaccination is preventive, not a post-exposure treatment.

Question 39Scene Safety, Personal Protection, and Infection Control

A first aider finds an unresponsive patient in a room with a strong chemical smell and an unlabeled container nearby. The safest approach is to:

  1. Avoid entry, call for hazardous materials response, and keep others away Correct answer.
  2. Ventilate the room by fanning the air with a cloth
  3. Enter quickly and drag the patient out without protection
  4. Open the container to identify the chemical

Explanation

An unknown chemical with a strong odor indicates a possible hazardous materials release, requiring trained responders with appropriate protection. Untrained entry, opening the container, or improvised ventilation can expose the first aider and bystanders to toxic substances.

Question 40Scene Safety, Personal Protection, and Infection Control

The main purpose of wearing a gown or apron during first aid care is to:

  1. Identify the first aider to bystanders
  2. Prevent blood and body fluids from soaking through to clothing and skin Correct answer.
  3. Keep the first aider warm during outdoor response
  4. Replace the need for gloves during care

Explanation

A fluid-resistant gown or apron protects clothing and skin from saturation with blood or body fluids. It does not substitute for gloves and is not intended for warmth or identification. Layered protection reduces contact exposure.

Question 41Patient Assessment and Emergency Action Principles

During the primary assessment of a worker who collapsed near a machine, which action should the first aider take first?

  1. Inspect the scene for hazards before approaching the casualty Correct answer.
  2. Ask bystanders for the worker's medical history
  3. Check for responsiveness and open the airway while noting cervical precautions
  4. Take a full set of vital signs including blood pressure

Explanation

Scene safety precedes casualty contact in the emergency action principle of the DOLE first aid framework, because an unsafe scene can injure the rescuer and create a second casualty. Only after the area is confirmed safe should the first aider check responsiveness, airway, breathing, and circulation.

Question 42Patient Assessment and Emergency Action Principles

In the Philippine emergency action principle, what does the acronym EMS stand for when the first aider calls for help?

  1. Evacuation Management Sequence
  2. Emergency Medical Services Correct answer.
  3. Emergency Mobilization Squad
  4. External Monitoring System

Explanation

EMS refers to Emergency Medical Services, the organized pre-hospital response system activated by a call to the local emergency number. The first aider activates EMS early during the emergency action principles so definitive care arrives without delay.

Question 43Patient Assessment and Emergency Action Principles

A conscious adult suddenly begins choking on food and cannot speak or cough effectively. According to the emergency action principles, what should the first aider do?

  1. Wait several minutes to see whether the obstruction clears on its own
  2. Give water to help wash the food down
  3. Give five back blows and then five abdominal thrusts, repeating until the object clears Correct answer.
  4. Lay the casualty flat and begin chest compressions immediately

Explanation

A severe airway obstruction in a conscious adult is managed with alternating back blows and abdominal thrusts until the object is expelled or the casualty becomes unresponsive. This follows recognition of the obstruction as an immediate life threat during the primary assessment.

Question 44Patient Assessment and Emergency Action Principles

Which finding is recorded as part of the secondary assessment rather than the primary assessment?

  1. Presence of severe external bleeding
  2. Severity and character of abdominal pain Correct answer.
  3. Presence of a carotid pulse
  4. Patency of the airway

Explanation

The secondary assessment gathers history and a head-to-toe examination, including the nature, location, and severity of pain. Airway, breathing, circulation, and major bleeding are life threats handled during the primary assessment.

Question 45Patient Assessment and Emergency Action Principles

What is the correct compression-to-ventilation ratio for one-rescuer adult CPR taught in Philippine basic life support training?

  1. 5 compressions to 1 ventilation
  2. 10 compressions to 2 ventilations
  3. 15 compressions to 2 ventilations
  4. 30 compressions to 2 ventilations Correct answer.

Explanation

Adult CPR uses a ratio of 30 chest compressions to 2 rescue breaths for both single and two-rescuer adult resuscitation. This ratio maintains adequate coronary perfusion pressure while limiting interruptions.

Question 46Patient Assessment and Emergency Action Principles

Which statement best describes the purpose of the emergency action principle of 'activating the emergency response system'?

  1. It is performed only when the casualty is already unconscious
  2. It ensures professional help is dispatched while the first aider continues care Correct answer.
  3. It replaces the need for the first aider to perform any intervention
  4. It is done only after the casualty has been fully assessed twice

Explanation

Activating the emergency response system brings advanced care to the scene while the first aider continues lifesaving interventions. Early activation shortens the time to defibrillation and definitive treatment.

Question 47Patient Assessment and Emergency Action Principles

A first aider finds an unresponsive adult who is not breathing normally. After activating EMS and checking the pulse, what is the immediate priority?

  1. Give two slow rescue breaths and reassess for ten minutes
  2. Place the casualty in the recovery position
  3. Elevate the legs to improve blood return
  4. Begin high-quality chest compressions at 100 to 120 per minute Correct answer.

Explanation

An unresponsive adult with no normal breathing and no pulse requires immediate chest compressions at a rate of 100 to 120 per minute with adequate depth. Compressions circulate oxygenated blood until advanced care or defibrillation is available.

Question 48Patient Assessment and Emergency Action Principles

When taking the SAMPLE history during the secondary assessment, what does the letter 'M' represent?

  1. Mental status at the scene
  2. Medications currently taken Correct answer.
  3. Mechanism of injury
  4. Motor function of the limbs

Explanation

SAMPLE stands for Signs and symptoms, Allergies, Medications, Past medical history, Last oral intake, and Events leading to the illness or injury. The 'M' element captures current medications, which can affect bleeding, consciousness, and treatment decisions.

Question 49Patient Assessment and Emergency Action Principles

A conscious worker reports chest tightness and shortness of breath after lifting a heavy load. Which action reflects correct application of the emergency action principles?

  1. Have the worker walk briskly to test whether the pain resolves
  2. Place the worker at rest in a comfortable position, loosen tight clothing, and arrange urgent transport Correct answer.
  3. Give the worker a large meal to raise energy levels
  4. Apply firm pressure to the abdomen to relieve the tightness

Explanation

A casualty with suspected cardiac chest pain should be kept calm and at rest to reduce myocardial oxygen demand, with tight clothing loosened and urgent transport arranged. Exertion and abdominal pressure increase cardiac workload and risk deterioration.

Question 50Patient Assessment and Emergency Action Principles

Which sequence correctly reflects the primary assessment priorities used in Philippine first aid practice?

  1. Circulation, disability, airway, breathing
  2. Disability, circulation, breathing, airway
  3. Breathing, airway, circulation, disability
  4. Airway, breathing, circulation, disability Correct answer.

Explanation

The primary assessment follows the ABC sequence of Airway, Breathing, and Circulation, extended to include Disability such as level of consciousness. This order reflects the immediate threats to survival and guides intervention priority.