LTO Non-Professional flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Right of way at intersection

At an unmarked intersection, the driver on the left must yield to the vehicle approaching from the right, unless signs or signals direct otherwise.

Overtaking rule

Pass another vehicle on the left when safe, signal, and return to the lane only after checking mirrors and blind spots; never overtake on a solid yellow line.

Seatbelt law

Republic Act 8750 requires drivers and passengers to wear seat belts in vehicles equipped with them; children must use appropriate restraints under later child-safety rules.

Anti-distracted driving

Republic Act 10913 prohibits using a mobile phone while driving unless hands-free; violations carry fines and license suspension for repeated offenses.

Motorcycle helmet rule

Republic Act 10054 requires motorcycle riders and passengers to wear standard protective helmets approved by the government; violations are penalized.

Stop sign shape

An octagonal red sign with white letters means come to a complete stop, yield to traffic and pedestrians, and proceed only when safe.

Yield sign

An inverted triangular sign means slow down and give way to vehicles on the intersecting road; stop if necessary before entering.

Flashing red light

A flashing red signal has the same effect as a stop sign: stop completely, yield, and proceed when the intersection is clear.

Solid yellow line

A solid yellow center line separates traffic moving in opposite directions and means passing is prohibited when it is on your side.

Broken white line

A broken white line separates lanes moving in the same direction and may be crossed only when safe and properly signaled.

Two-second rule

Choose a fixed object ahead; when the vehicle ahead passes it, your vehicle should reach it no sooner than two seconds later. Increase the gap in rain or darkness.

SIPDE process

Scan, identify, predict, decide, and execute: a defensive-driving sequence for spotting hazards early and choosing a safe response before danger develops.

Blind spot check

Before changing lanes, glance at mirrors and turn your head to check the area beside the vehicle that mirrors do not show.

Hydroplaning response

Ease off the accelerator, keep the steering straight, and avoid hard braking or sudden turns until the tires regain contact with the road.

Night driving gap

At night, reduce speed and increase following distance beyond the daytime gap because visibility and reaction time are reduced by darkness and glare.

Tire tread minimum

A common legal minimum tread depth is 1.6 millimeters; worn tires lose grip, especially on wet roads, and should be replaced before reaching that limit.

Cold tire pressure

Check tire pressure when tires are cold, before driving or after sitting for hours, because heat from driving raises pressure and gives a false high reading.

Engine oil dipstick

With the engine off and the car on level ground, pull the dipstick, wipe it, reinsert it, and check that the oil level is between the minimum and maximum marks.

Brake fluid warning

A low brake-fluid level may indicate worn brake pads or a leak; do not ignore it, and never mix different brake-fluid specifications.

Tire blowout control

Grip the steering wheel firmly, ease off the accelerator, keep the vehicle straight, and slow gradually; do not slam the brakes or jerk the wheel.

Brake failure action

Pump the brake pedal, downshift to use engine braking, apply the parking brake gradually, and steer toward a safe escape area while warning others.

Skid steering rule

If the rear of the vehicle skids, steer in the direction the rear is sliding and avoid hard braking until you regain control.

Flood crossing rule

Do not drive through moving floodwater; if the water is deep or fast, turn back, because moving water can sweep away a vehicle and hide road damage.

Right of way principle

Right of way is something you yield, not take; never insist on it, because courtesy and caution prevent more crashes than legal priority.

Horn use

Use the horn only to warn others of danger or signal your presence; do not use it to express anger or hurry other drivers.

Pedestrian priority

At a marked crosswalk, slow down and stop for pedestrians crossing or about to cross; do not block the crosswalk while waiting in traffic.

Headlight courtesy

At night, dim your headlights for oncoming traffic and when following another vehicle closely, so glare does not blind other drivers.

Student permit age

A student permit is available to applicants at least 16 years old, subject to other requirements; it allows supervised driving but not driving alone.

Non-professional license use

A non-professional license authorizes driving private motor vehicles; a professional license is required for public utility or for-hire vehicles.

OR and CR

The Official Receipt and Certificate of Registration are vehicle documents that must be kept in the vehicle and shown to authorized officers when requested.

CTPL insurance

Compulsory Third Party Liability insurance is required for motor vehicle registration; it provides cover for bodily injury caused to third parties.

License renewal rule

Renew a driver's license before its expiration date; an expired license may require additional requirements, penalties, or examinations before it can be renewed.