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NAPOLCOM PNPE practice questions

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Question 1Verbal Reasoning

In a PNPE verbal reasoning item, a police report states: 'The suspect fled toward the market, and the responding team pursued him immediately.' Which logical relationship does the coordinating conjunction 'and' express between the two clauses?

  1. Addition of related facts in sequence Correct answer.
  2. Contrast between opposing ideas
  3. Condition that must be met first
  4. Cause that explains a later result

Explanation

The coordinating conjunction 'and' joins clauses that add information of equal grammatical weight. Here it simply links two related actions in sequence without expressing contrast, condition, or causation. Recognizing this helps a reader separate neutral narration from reasoning about motive or consequence.

Question 2Verbal Reasoning

A blotter entry reads: 'The complainant alleged that the barangay tanod took his motorcycle without permission.' Which word in the sentence carries the meaning that the statement is an unproven claim rather than an established fact?

  1. alleged Correct answer.
  2. permission
  3. motorcycle
  4. complainant

Explanation

The verb 'alleged' explicitly frames the following statement as an assertion not yet proven. Report writing uses such markers to distinguish accusation from finding. The other words are ordinary nouns that carry no evidentiary weight.

Question 3Verbal Reasoning

Which pair of words are synonyms as used in police correspondence?

  1. Detain and release
  2. Apprehend and arrest Correct answer.
  3. Summon and dismiss
  4. Patrol and abandon

Explanation

In law enforcement usage, 'apprehend' and 'arrest' both refer to taking a person into custody. Synonym questions in verbal reasoning require matching meaning in the given register, not merely related subject matter. The other pairs are opposites or unrelated actions.

Question 4Verbal Reasoning

Read the sentence: 'Neither the team leader nor the members ___ aware of the new directive.' Which verb form correctly completes the sentence according to subject-verb agreement rules?

  1. was
  2. were Correct answer.
  3. has been
  4. is

Explanation

With 'neither...nor', the verb agrees with the subject nearest to it. The nearest subject is 'members', which is plural, so the plural past form 'were' is required. This rule matters in official reports where precise agreement signals care and credibility.

Question 5Verbal Reasoning

A paragraph in a police report begins: 'First, the desk officer recorded the complaint. Next, he informed the investigator. Finally, the investigator endorsed the case to the prosecutor.' Which organizational pattern does the paragraph use?

  1. Cause and effect
  2. Comparison and contrast
  3. Chronological order Correct answer.
  4. Problem and solution

Explanation

The sequence markers 'first', 'next', and 'finally' arrange events in the order they occurred. Chronological organization is standard in incident narration because it preserves the timeline a reader needs. The other patterns require different signals such as comparisons, causal links, or proposed remedies.

Question 6Verbal Reasoning

Which sentence uses 'principal' correctly in a police administrative context?

  1. The team followed the principal suspect discreetly.
  2. The principal of the operation was to reduce response time.
  3. The officer explained the principal reason for the delay.
  4. The principal witness identified the vehicle in the line-up. Correct answer.

Explanation

'Principal' as an adjective means chief or main, and as a noun it means a leading person. In 'principal witness', it functions as an adjective meaning the main witness. The other options misuse the word where 'principle' (a rule or governing idea) is intended, or create awkward phrasing.

Question 7Verbal Reasoning

The word 'surveillance' in a police operations order most nearly means:

  1. Close observation of a person or place Correct answer.
  2. Formal filing of a criminal charge
  3. Written authorization for a search
  4. Public announcement of an arrest

Explanation

Surveillance refers to the systematic watching of persons, places, or activities, often covertly. It is a monitoring activity, not a legal document or a charging step. Distinguishing it from related procedures prevents confusion in operations orders.

Question 8Verbal Reasoning

Which of the following sentences is free of a dangling modifier in a police narrative?

  1. After reviewing the footage, the investigator identified the suspect. Correct answer.
  2. Reviewing the footage, the suspect was identified.
  3. Having reviewed the footage, the suspect was identified by the investigator.
  4. After reviewing the footage, the suspect was identified.

Explanation

A dangling modifier occurs when the introductory phrase does not logically attach to the subject of the main clause. Only in the keyed sentence does the person reviewing the footage ('the investigator') serve as the subject. The other versions imply that the suspect reviewed the footage.

Question 9Verbal Reasoning

An officer writes: 'The suspect resisted arrest, ___ the team applied necessary force.' Which connector best signals that the second clause is a result of the first?

  1. whereas
  2. so Correct answer.
  3. unless
  4. although

Explanation

The conjunction 'so' introduces a result or consequence of the preceding clause. The first clause describes resistance; the second describes the force applied in response. 'Although', 'unless', and 'whereas' signal concession, condition, and contrast respectively, none of which fits a result relationship.

Question 10Verbal Reasoning

In the sentence 'The officer testified that he had seen the vehicle before the collision,' the tense of 'had seen' primarily serves to:

  1. Indicate that the seeing continues into the present
  2. Express uncertainty about whether the seeing occurred
  3. Suggest that the seeing was habitual and repeated
  4. Show that the seeing happened before another past event Correct answer.

Explanation

The past perfect 'had seen' places an earlier past action before a later past reference point, here the collision. This tense sequencing is crucial in testimony to establish a clear timeline. It does not by itself express doubt, continuation, or habit.

Question 11Verbal Reasoning

Which word best completes the sentence: 'The evidence was deemed ___ because it was obtained without a valid warrant.'

  1. indispensable
  2. inadmissible Correct answer.
  3. incremental
  4. incontrovertible

Explanation

'Inadmissible' means not allowable as evidence in court, which fits the consequence of obtaining evidence without a valid warrant. The sentence requires a term describing legal exclusion. The other choices describe value or quantity, not admissibility.

Question 12Verbal Reasoning

A report paragraph reads: 'The checkpoint was established at 8:00 p.m. However, no vehicles passed through it until 9:15 p.m.' Which inference is best supported by the passage?

  1. The checkpoint was illegal because it operated after dark.
  2. No vehicles were allowed to pass the checkpoint at any time.
  3. There was a gap between the checkpoint's establishment and its first recorded use. Correct answer.
  4. The officers abandoned the checkpoint before 9:15 p.m.

Explanation

The contrast marker 'however' signals that the expected flow (immediate traffic) did not occur, supporting the inference of a time gap. Inference questions require conclusions strictly supported by the text. The other options add facts or judgments not stated.

Question 13Verbal Reasoning

Identify the sentence that correctly uses a semicolon in a police report context.

  1. The suspect was unarmed; and the officers followed the safety protocol.
  2. The suspect was unarmed; because the officers followed the protocol.
  3. The suspect was unarmed; the officers still followed the safety protocol. Correct answer.
  4. The suspect was unarmed; following the safety protocol.

Explanation

A semicolon may join two independent clauses that are closely related without a coordinating conjunction. The keyed sentence has two complete clauses on either side. The other options attach a conjunction or dependent fragment improperly.

Question 14Verbal Reasoning

The phrase 'chain of custody' in a police report most precisely refers to:

  1. The documented record of who handled evidence and when Correct answer.
  2. The order in which suspects are interrogated
  3. The hierarchy of command in an operation
  4. The sequence of witnesses called at trial

Explanation

Chain of custody is the chronological documentation of seizure, transfer, and handling of evidence. It protects integrity and admissibility by showing no tampering occurred. The other options describe unrelated procedures or organizational structures.

Question 15Verbal Reasoning

Which revision best removes wordiness from this report sentence: 'At this point in time, the officers made the decision to conduct an investigation of the matter'?

  1. The officers then decided to investigate the matter. Correct answer.
  2. An investigation of the matter was decided upon by the officers.
  3. At this point in time, the officers investigated.
  4. The officers made a decision regarding the investigation.

Explanation

Concise official writing replaces inflated phrases with direct verbs and removes empty padding. 'At this point in time' becomes 'then', and 'made the decision to conduct an investigation' becomes 'decided to investigate'. The other revisions retain wordiness or weaken the active voice.

Question 16Verbal Reasoning

Read the sentence: 'The investigator, together with the forensic team, ___ the scene at dawn.' Which verb correctly completes it?

  1. were examining
  2. have examined
  3. examined Correct answer.
  4. examine

Explanation

When a subject is followed by 'together with', the intervening phrase does not change the number of the subject. The true subject is the singular 'investigator', so the singular past 'examined' is correct. Plural verbs here would wrongly agree with 'team'.

Question 17Verbal Reasoning

A witness statement says: 'I saw a man in a dark jacket run toward the alley.' A second statement says: 'A man wearing a dark jacket was running near the alley.' The relationship between the two statements is best described as:

  1. Consistent accounts differing in wording and detail Correct answer.
  2. Unrelated statements about different events
  3. One statement refuting the other
  4. Directly contradictory accounts

Explanation

Both statements describe the same core facts: a man, a dark jacket, running, and the alley. They differ only in phrasing and level of detail, so they are consistent rather than contradictory. Verbal reasoning requires distinguishing surface differences from substantive conflicts.

Question 18Verbal Reasoning

Which sentence correctly uses 'affect' and 'effect'?

  1. The new policy will affect patrol schedules and have a positive affect on response time.
  2. The new policy will affect patrol schedules and have a positive effect on response time. Correct answer.
  3. The new policy will effect patrol schedules and have a positive affect on response time.
  4. The new policy will effect patrol schedules and have a positive effect on response time.

Explanation

'Affect' is normally a verb meaning to influence, while 'effect' is normally a noun meaning result. The keyed sentence uses 'affect' as the verb and 'effect' as the noun correctly. The others swap the roles and produce errors.

Question 19Verbal Reasoning

In the sentence 'Only the supervisor approved the request,' the placement of 'only' implies that:

  1. No one other than the supervisor approved the request Correct answer.
  2. The request was approved only after supervision
  3. Approval was the only action the supervisor took
  4. The supervisor approved only the request and nothing else

Explanation

'Only' modifies the element immediately following it. Placed before 'the supervisor', it restricts the approver to that person alone. Moving 'only' elsewhere in the sentence would shift the restriction to another element.

Question 20Verbal Reasoning

A report contains the sentence: 'The suspect, who was wearing a red cap, was positively identified by two witnesses.' Which element is the nonrestrictive modifier?

  1. who was wearing a red cap Correct answer.
  2. the suspect
  3. by two witnesses
  4. positively identified

Explanation

A nonrestrictive modifier adds extra information and is set off by commas; here the clause about the red cap can be removed without changing the core identification. It is not essential to identifying which suspect is meant. The other elements are the main clause components.

Question 21Verbal Reasoning

An officer's narrative reads: 'The vehicle sped away. The officer did not pursue, as departmental policy prohibits high-speed chases in residential zones.' The word 'as' functions here to:

  1. Signal a contrast with the first sentence
  2. Introduce a comparison of speed
  3. Mark a simultaneous time period
  4. Introduce a reason for the action described Correct answer.

Explanation

In this context 'as' is a subordinating conjunction meaning 'because', introducing the reason the officer did not pursue. Recognizing the causal use of 'as' prevents misreading it as a time or comparison marker. The clause that follows explains the decision.

Question 22Verbal Reasoning

Which statement best describes the function of a topic sentence in an incident report paragraph?

  1. It repeats the conclusion of the previous paragraph
  2. It states the main idea that the remaining sentences support Correct answer.
  3. It lists every detail of the incident in order
  4. It provides the legal citation for the offense

Explanation

A topic sentence announces the paragraph's controlling idea, and the supporting sentences develop it with facts or explanation. This structure helps supervisors locate key information quickly. Listing all details or citing law belongs elsewhere in the document.

Question 23Verbal Reasoning

A directive states: 'Unless the warrant is served within ten days, it shall be returned to the issuing court.' Which situation follows logically from this rule?

  1. A warrant served on the eleventh day must be returned to the court Correct answer.
  2. A warrant served on the fifth day must be returned to the court
  3. A warrant never served may be kept indefinitely
  4. A warrant served within ten days is automatically void

Explanation

The conditional 'unless' sets ten days as the limit; failing that condition triggers the return requirement. Serving on the eleventh day exceeds the limit, so the return rule applies. The other options either misapply the time limit or contradict the stated consequence.

Question 24Verbal Reasoning

Read the passage: 'The witness first claimed she heard nothing. Later, after learning that a neighbor had given a statement, she recalled hearing raised voices. Her revised account should be evaluated primarily by:

  1. Accepting the later statement because it is more recent
  2. Assuming any changed statement is automatically false
  3. Rejecting both statements as equally unreliable
  4. Weighing the reason for the change against corroborating evidence Correct answer.

Explanation

A revised statement is neither automatically true nor false; its credibility depends on the explanation for the change and on independent corroboration. Reasoned evaluation weighs motive and supporting evidence. Blanket rules about recency or change ignore how memory and disclosure actually work.

Question 25Verbal Reasoning

A paragraph argues: 'All officers in the unit completed the training. Reyes is an officer in the unit. Therefore, Reyes completed the training.' Which statement about the reasoning is accurate?

  1. It is invalid because the first premise is too broad
  2. It is invalid because the premises are unrelated
  3. It is valid only if Reyes volunteered for training
  4. It is valid because the conclusion follows necessarily from the premises Correct answer.

Explanation

The argument has the valid form of a categorical syllogism: if every member of a group has a property and an individual belongs to that group, the individual has the property. Validity concerns structure, not whether the premises are factually true. The conclusion follows necessarily.

Question 26Verbal Reasoning

In a police blotter entry, the abbreviation 'RTC' most commonly stands for which term used in Philippine law enforcement records?

  1. Resolved through conciliation
  2. Released to complainant
  3. Returned to custody Correct answer.
  4. Reported to command

Explanation

In Philippine police record-keeping, RTC in a blotter or jailer's log conventionally denotes 'returned to custody,' describing a person who was earlier released and is again placed under detention. The other expansions do not match the standard abbreviation used in these logs.

Question 27Verbal Reasoning

A complainant tells the desk officer: 'The man who robbed me fled on foot.' Which word in the sentence functions as the simple subject of the main clause?

  1. fled
  2. foot
  3. me
  4. man Correct answer.

Explanation

The main clause is 'The man … fled on foot,' and its simple subject is the noun 'man,' which the relative clause 'who robbed me' modifies. 'Me' is the object of 'robbed,' 'fled' is the verb, and 'foot' is part of a prepositional phrase.

Question 28Verbal Reasoning

An officer's narrative reads: 'The complainant was mauled by unidentified persons.' A supervisor wants the vagueness reduced without changing the facts. Which revision best accomplishes this?

  1. The complainant was mauled by some unidentified persons.
  2. Unidentified persons mauled the complainant.
  3. The complainant got mauled by unidentified persons.
  4. The complainant was attacked by persons whose identities have not yet been established. Correct answer.

Explanation

The revision keeps the passive construction but replaces the colloquial 'mauled' with a precise verb and spells out that identities are not yet known, which is what 'unidentified' is meant to convey. This reduces ambiguity while preserving the original facts.

Question 29Verbal Reasoning

In the sentence 'The barangay captain, as well as the two tanods, ___ summoned to the hearing,' which verb form correctly completes the statement?

  1. have been
  2. are
  3. were
  4. was Correct answer.

Explanation

When a subject is followed by 'as well as,' the phrase is parenthetical and does not change the number of the subject. The true subject is the singular 'barangay captain,' so the singular past verb 'was' is required.

Question 30Verbal Reasoning

A warrant application states: 'The informant's tip was corroborated; ____, the court found probable cause.' Which connector best completes the sentence to show a logical result?

  1. nevertheless
  2. meanwhile
  3. however
  4. therefore Correct answer.

Explanation

The second clause reports a conclusion drawn from the corroboration, so a result connector such as 'therefore' is appropriate. The semicolon already joins the clauses, and 'therefore' signals the causal inference the writer intends.

Question 31Verbal Reasoning

A report sentence reads: 'Having secured the perimeter, ____.' Which completion avoids a dangling modifier?

  1. the team leader briefed the responders Correct answer.
  2. the briefing was given to responders
  3. responders were briefed by the team leader
  4. briefings were conducted for responders

Explanation

The introductory participial phrase must describe the subject of the main clause. Only 'the team leader' can logically perform the action of having secured the perimeter, so that completion keeps the modifier attached to the right actor.

Question 32Verbal Reasoning

An officer writes: 'The suspect fled when he saw the patrol car, ____ he was apprehended two blocks away.' Which connector best fits the relationship between the clauses?

  1. because
  2. so
  3. but Correct answer.
  4. unless

Explanation

Fleeing and later being apprehended are contrasting outcomes, so the coordinating conjunction 'but' correctly signals contrast. The comma before it joins two independent clauses, which is the standard pattern.

Question 33Verbal Reasoning

Read the statement: 'The witness claimed that he had seen the accused leave the building before the fire started.' Which inference about the sequence of events is best supported?

  1. The witness's observation of the accused leaving occurred before the fire began. Correct answer.
  2. The witness formed his claim only after the fire investigation concluded.
  3. The witness saw the accused leave after the fire had been extinguished.
  4. The witness saw the accused leave at the same moment the fire started.

Explanation

The past perfect 'had seen' marks an action completed before another past event, which here is the fire starting. The sentence therefore places the observation of the accused leaving earlier than the fire.

Question 34Verbal Reasoning

A directive states: 'All personnel shall submit their reports within seventy-two hours from the termination of the operation.' Which situation complies with the directive?

  1. A report submitted four days after the operation ended
  2. A report submitted eighty hours after the operation ended
  3. A report submitted sixty hours after the operation ended Correct answer.
  4. A report submitted one week after the operation ended

Explanation

Seventy-two hours equals three days, so any submission made before that deadline complies. Sixty hours falls within the limit, while the other choices all exceed seventy-two hours.

Question 35Verbal Reasoning

A narrative contains: 'The suspect, who was wearing a red cap, was positively identified by two witnesses.' Which element does the clause 'who was wearing a red cap' add to the sentence?

  1. The time of the identification
  2. The main action of the sentence
  3. The cause of the identification
  4. Descriptive detail about the suspect Correct answer.

Explanation

The relative clause is nonrestrictive and simply supplies additional identifying detail about the suspect. It does not carry the main action, which is the identification, nor does it state a cause or a time.

Question 36Verbal Reasoning

A paragraph in an incident report begins: 'At about 9:00 p.m., the suspect entered the store through the rear door.' Which function does this sentence primarily serve?

  1. It states the legal basis for the arrest.
  2. It lists the evidence gathered at the scene.
  3. It summarizes the conclusion of the investigation.
  4. It introduces the paragraph's central event and sets the scene. Correct answer.

Explanation

An opening sentence that names a time and an action typically functions as a topic sentence, orienting the reader to the paragraph's main event. The other choices describe functions that come later in a report's structure.

Question 37Verbal Reasoning

A report reads: 'The suspect was arrested by the officer after the stolen item was recovered.' Which revision uses the active voice without changing the meaning?

  1. The suspect was arrested after the stolen item was recovered by the officer.
  2. The officer arrested the suspect after recovering the stolen item.
  3. The arrest of the suspect by the officer followed the item's recovery. Correct answer.
  4. The stolen item was recovered after the suspect's arrest by the officer.

Explanation

In this revision, 'followed' is an active-voice verb with 'the arrest' as its subject. The sentence keeps the officer as the arresting agent and places recovery before arrest, without adding an identity for whoever recovered the item.

Question 38Verbal Reasoning

A witness states: 'I heard a gunshot, then I saw a man run toward the alley.' Which inference about the witness's account is most reasonable?

  1. The witness heard the gunshot after the man ran.
  2. The witness identified the man as the shooter.
  3. The witness saw the man fire the gun.
  4. The witness places the gunshot before the man's running. Correct answer.

Explanation

The word 'then' explicitly orders the two perceptions, placing the gunshot first and the running afterward. The account does not say the witness saw the gun fired or identified the runner as the shooter.

Question 39Verbal Reasoning

A paragraph argues: 'All officers in the unit completed the training. Reyes is an officer in the unit. Therefore, Reyes completed the training.' Which statement best evaluates this reasoning?

  1. The conclusion follows necessarily from the two premises. Correct answer.
  2. The argument assumes what it sets out to prove.
  3. The argument commits a fallacy of equivocation.
  4. The conclusion is probable but not certain.

Explanation

This is a valid categorical syllogism: if every member of the unit completed the training and Reyes is a member, the conclusion follows with certainty. The reasoning is deductive rather than probabilistic.

Question 40Verbal Reasoning

Read the passage: 'The witness first claimed she heard nothing. Later, after learning that a neighbor had given a statement, she described hearing a brief argument.' Which conclusion about the witness's testimony is best supported?

  1. Her account changed after she learned of another statement. Correct answer.
  2. Her neighbor's statement contradicted her first account.
  3. Her second account was given under oath.
  4. Her first account was proven false by physical evidence.

Explanation

The passage states only that the witness's account changed after she learned of the neighbor's statement. It does not mention physical evidence, an oath, or the content of the neighbor's statement.

Question 41Quantitative Reasoning

A police station records 48 traffic citations on Monday, 36 on Tuesday, and 60 on Wednesday. What is the average number of citations issued per day over these three days?

  1. 52
  2. 50
  3. 44
  4. 48 Correct answer.

Explanation

Add the daily counts to get 48 + 36 + 60 = 144, then divide by the three days: 144 ÷ 3 = 48. The mean is the total divided by the number of data points, so 48 citations per day is correct.

Question 42Quantitative Reasoning

A patrol unit's fuel budget follows the ratio 3:5 for gasoline to maintenance. If the total budget is PHP 96,000, how much is allotted to maintenance?

  1. PHP 57,600
  2. PHP 36,000
  3. PHP 48,000
  4. PHP 60,000 Correct answer.

Explanation

The ratio 3:5 has 3 + 5 = 8 total parts, so each part equals 96,000 ÷ 8 = 12,000 pesos. Maintenance takes 5 parts: 5 × 12,000 = 60,000 pesos.

Question 43Quantitative Reasoning

A suspect's vehicle travels 180 kilometers in 2.5 hours. What is its average speed in kilometers per hour?

  1. 72 kph Correct answer.
  2. 80 kph
  3. 75 kph
  4. 68 kph

Explanation

Average speed equals distance divided by time: 180 ÷ 2.5 = 72 kilometers per hour. Dividing by 2.5 is the same as multiplying by 0.4, confirming 72 kph.

Question 44Quantitative Reasoning

A crime-prevention program reduced reported thefts from 250 to 210 in one barangay. What is the percentage decrease?

  1. 19%
  2. 16% Correct answer.
  3. 15%
  4. 20%

Explanation

The decrease is 250 − 210 = 40. Percent decrease equals the decrease divided by the original value: 40 ÷ 250 = 0.16, or 16 percent. Always divide by the original amount, not the new one.

Question 45Quantitative Reasoning

A police officer earns a base salary of PHP 30,000 and receives a 12% increase. What is the new monthly salary?

  1. PHP 36,000
  2. PHP 32,400
  3. PHP 34,200
  4. PHP 33,600 Correct answer.

Explanation

The increase is 12 percent of 30,000, which equals 0.12 × 30,000 = 3,600 pesos. Adding this to the base gives 30,000 + 3,600 = 33,600 pesos.

Question 46Quantitative Reasoning

A case file numbering system assigns codes 001, 002, 003, and so on. What is the 25th code in this sequence?

  1. 024
  2. 250
  3. 026
  4. 025 Correct answer.

Explanation

The sequence starts at 001, so the nth term equals n written with three digits. The 25th term is therefore 025. Counting from 1 rather than 0 is the key step.

Question 47Quantitative Reasoning

In a barangay of 1,200 residents, 45% are registered volunteers for community patrol. How many registered volunteers are there?

  1. 480
  2. 540 Correct answer.
  3. 600
  4. 450

Explanation

Forty-five percent of 1,200 equals 0.45 × 1,200 = 540 volunteers. Multiplying the base by the decimal form of the percentage gives the part.

Question 48Quantitative Reasoning

A police report states that 3 out of every 8 apprehended suspects are minors. If 40 suspects were apprehended, how many are expected to be minors?

  1. 18
  2. 16
  3. 12
  4. 15 Correct answer.

Explanation

The proportion 3/8 applied to 40 gives (3 ÷ 8) × 40 = 15 minors. Equivalently, 40 ÷ 8 = 5 per group, and 3 × 5 = 15.

Question 49Quantitative Reasoning

A patrol car's odometer reads 12,450 km at the start of a shift and 12,738 km at the end. If the car consumed 24 liters of fuel, what is the fuel consumption in kilometers per liter?

  1. 12 km/L Correct answer.
  2. 10 km/L
  3. 14 km/L
  4. 11 km/L

Explanation

Distance traveled is 12,738 − 12,450 = 288 kilometers. Dividing by 24 liters gives 288 ÷ 24 = 12 kilometers per liter.

Question 50Quantitative Reasoning

A stolen vehicle is reported at 2:15 PM and recovered at 5:45 PM the same day. How long was the vehicle missing?

  1. 3 hours 15 minutes
  2. 3 hours 30 minutes Correct answer.
  3. 3 hours 45 minutes
  4. 2 hours 30 minutes

Explanation

From 2:15 PM to 5:15 PM is 3 hours, and from 5:15 PM to 5:45 PM is another 30 minutes. The total elapsed time is 3 hours and 30 minutes.