Hand Tools, Power Tools, and Measuring Instruments
Hand tools
Body hammers, dollies, spoons, picks, and slappers move metal; files, body rasps, and sanding blocks shape it. Match the tool to the job: a pick and file for finishing, a slapper for broad low spots. Keep chisels and punches sharp, and never use a screwdriver as a pry bar or chisel.
Power tools
Angle grinders, DA (dual-action) sanders, die grinders, and cut-off tools are common. Understand abrasive grit numbering - lower numbers are coarser (e.g., 36 coarse, 80 medium, 320+ fine). DA sanders use random orbital motion to avoid swirl marks. Respect tool guards, use correct discs, and never exceed a disc's rated RPM. Electric tools in wet areas require RCD/GFCI protection.
Measuring instruments
Steel rules, tape measures, calipers, micrometers, feeler gauges, and tram gauges (for diagonal body checks) appear frequently. A micrometer measures outside dimensions to 0.01 mm; a vernier caliper measures inside, outside, and depth. For panel alignment, diagonal measurements (X-measurement) detect skew; equal diagonals mean the frame is square.
Traps and rule of thumb
Trap: confusing gauge and absolute measurement - a feeler gauge measures a gap, not a dimension. Trap: assuming a coarser grit is better for finish - it removes material but leaves deep scratches. Rule of thumb: read once, measure twice - always zero a caliper and confirm units (mm vs inch) before recording.