ASF Corporal/ASI key terms

The movement area of an airport, including runways, taxiways and aprons, plus adjacent ground and buildings whose access is controlled. Only badged staff and screened passengers may enter it.

Those parts of an airport open to the general public, such as car parks, ticket halls and check-in areas, where passengers and visitors are not subject to security screening.

A zone of the terminal that can only be reached after passing through passenger screening, where departing and transit passengers wait and board. Unsterile items and unauthorized persons must not enter it.

The paved area at an airport where aircraft are parked, refuelled, loaded and boarded. Vehicle movement and pedestrian rules there are strict because of engine and propellor hazards.

The process of examining people, baggage and goods by X-ray, metal detector, hand search or other means to detect prohibited items before they reach an aircraft or sterile area.

Objects that may not be carried into a sterile area or onto an aircraft, such as weapons, explosives, sharp instruments and certain liquids, as set out in the applicable aviation security rules.

A physical search of a person carried out by a trained officer of the same sex, using the back of the hands and following a set procedure, when screening equipment or behaviour indicates a possible concealed item.

A written record showing every person who has handled seized or found property, and when, so that its integrity can be proved in an inquiry or court case.

The initial written report of a cognizable offence recorded by police under the Code of Criminal Procedure, which sets the criminal process in motion and is often abbreviated FIR.

An offence for which police may arrest without a warrant and begin investigation without the order of a magistrate, as listed in the relevant schedule of the criminal procedure law.

An offence for which police generally need a magistrate's order before investigating, and cannot arrest without a warrant. It is usually dealt with through a complaint to the court.

A formal allegation made to a magistrate or authorized officer that a person has committed an offence, asking that action be taken against that person.

A written order issued by a court authorizing police to arrest a named person, which must be shown to the person arrested and which has a stated validity period.

The lawful detention of a person by an authorized officer, during which the officer is responsible for the person's safety, welfare and proper documentation until release or production before a court.

The regulations governing appointment, seniority, pay, leave, transfer, promotion, discipline and retirement of government employees, forming the legal basis of an employee's conditions of service.

A severe disciplinary punishment under service rules, such as dismissal, removal from service, reduction to a lower post or withholding of promotion, imposed only after a formal inquiry.

A lighter disciplinary punishment, such as censure, withholding of increments or stoppage of leave, which may be imposed after a simpler procedure than a full departmental inquiry.

A written communication asking an employee to explain why disciplinary action should not be taken for an alleged lapse, giving the employee a stated period to reply.

An internal investigation into alleged misconduct by an employee, conducted by an authorized officer who records evidence, hears the employee and submits findings to the competent authority.

The line of authority from senior to junior ranks through which orders and reports pass, ensuring each officer answers to one clearly identified superior.

A daily record kept at a police or security post noting events, staff on duty, visits, complaints and action taken, used to reconstruct what happened on a given date.

A register listing each item of evidence collected at a scene, its identifying number, where it was found and who handled it, supporting the chain of custody.

A document given to a passenger when a prohibited or restricted item is taken from them, listing the item, the reason and the officer's details so the action can be verified later.

The set of rules for working safely on the apron, covering high-visibility clothing, safe distances from engines, vehicle speed limits, chocks and the use of designated walkways.

Loose material such as stones, tools, plastic or paper on airside surfaces that can be sucked into engines or damage tyres. It must be picked up and reported immediately.

A marked airport vehicle driven ahead of aircraft or unfamiliar vehicles to guide them along the correct route on the movement area, especially at night or in low visibility.

A document issued at check-in showing the passenger's name, flight number, seat and gate, which is checked before a person is allowed into the departure area or onto the aircraft.

Measures that ensure only people holding valid authorization and identification can enter a restricted area, using passes, locks, turnstiles, guards or electronic readers.

The comparison of two quantities by division and the statement that two such comparisons are equal. Problems are solved by cross-multiplication or by finding a common unit value.

A fraction expressed as a part of one hundred. To convert a fraction to a percentage, multiply by 100; to find a percentage of a number, multiply the number by the rate over 100.

The sum of a set of quantities divided by how many quantities there are, also called the arithmetic mean. It is used to compare performance and to solve equal-distribution problems.

The rate at which the distance between two moving objects changes. Objects moving in opposite directions add their speeds; objects moving the same way subtract them.

A class of problems in which the rate of doing a task is expressed as a fraction of the work per unit time, and combined rates are added to find the total time taken.

A conclusion drawn from evidence in a passage rather than stated directly. A valid inference must be supported by the text and must not depend on outside assumptions.

The central point that a paragraph or passage is built around, usually expressed in a topic sentence and supported by the remaining sentences.

The attitude of a writer towards the subject, revealed through word choice and sentence structure, such as critical, neutral, humorous or sympathetic.

A word whose meaning is opposite to that of another word, such as 'scarce' for 'abundant', used in vocabulary questions to test precise word knowledge.

A word that has nearly the same meaning as another word in a given context, though the two may differ in formality, intensity or collocation.

A fixed expression whose meaning cannot be worked out from the individual words, such as 'to pull strings' meaning to use influence.

The address of a worksheet cell formed by its column letter and row number, such as C7. Adding dollar signs fixes the column or row when a formula is copied.

An instruction entered in a spreadsheet cell that begins with an equals sign and calculates a result from values or cell references, updating automatically when those values change.

Software used to create and format text documents, offering features such as spell check, tables, headers, footers and page setup for printing.

A file sent along with an email message. Security staff should treat unexpected attachments with caution because they may carry malicious software.

A fraudulent attempt, usually by email or message, to trick a person into revealing passwords or financial details by pretending to be a trusted organization.

The practice of using long, unique passwords, changing them when compromise is suspected and never sharing them, to protect accounts and official systems.

The ability to sustain physical effort over time, developed through continuous running, marching or circuit training and measured by distance covered or time maintained.

The efficiency of the heart, lungs and blood vessels in supplying oxygen to working muscles during prolonged activity, improved by aerobic exercise such as running and swimming.

A short period of light exercise and stretching before strenuous activity that raises muscle temperature and reduces the risk of strain or injury.

Recent national and international events of public importance, including politics, economy, security and sport, which candidates are expected to follow through reliable news sources.

The international organization founded in 1945 with headquarters in New York, comprising a General Assembly, a Security Council and specialized agencies, of which Pakistan is a founding member.

The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, established in 1985 with its secretariat in Kathmandu, bringing together Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.

The obligatory annual charity in Islam, payable at one fortieth of qualifying wealth held for a lunar year by a Muslim who meets the minimum threshold, and one of the five pillars.

Fasting from dawn to sunset during the month of Ramadan, abstaining from food, drink and marital relations, and one of the five pillars of Islam.

The pilgrimage to Makkah that every adult Muslim who is physically and financially able must perform once in a lifetime, undertaken in the month of Dhu al-Hijjah.

The resolution passed by Pakistan's Constituent Assembly in March 1949, moved by Liaquat Ali Khan, setting out that sovereignty belongs to Allah and that the state would safeguard Islamic principles and minority rights.

Pakistan's present constitution, adopted in April 1973, which established a parliamentary federal system and declares Islam the state religion while guaranteeing fundamental rights.