PAF GD Pilot Initial Test flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Past Perfect Tense

A tense used for an action completed before another past action. It is formed with 'had' plus the past participle, as in 'She had left before he arrived.'

Active and Passive Voice

In active voice the subject performs the action; in passive voice the object becomes the subject and the verb takes a form of 'be' plus the past participle.

Since versus For

Use 'since' with a fixed starting point in time, such as 'since 2010', and 'for' with a length of time, such as 'for three years'.

Article An before Vowel Sound

Use 'an' before a spoken vowel sound, as in 'an hour' or 'an apple', and 'a' before a consonant sound, as in 'a university' or 'a boy'.

Synonym

A word that has the same or nearly the same meaning as another word in the same language, for example 'brave' and 'courageous'.

Simple Interest Formula

Simple interest equals principal multiplied by annual rate multiplied by time in years, divided by 100, written as SI = P × R × T / 100.

Pythagoras Theorem

In a right-angled triangle, the square of the hypotenuse equals the sum of the squares of the other two sides, written c² = a² + b².

Mean of a Data Set

The mean is the sum of all values divided by the number of values. It is influenced by extreme values in the data.

Area of a Circle

The area enclosed by a circle equals pi multiplied by the square of its radius, A = πr², while its circumference is 2πr.

LCM and HCF Rule

For any two positive integers, the product of their lowest common multiple and highest common factor equals the product of the two numbers themselves.

Newton's Second Law

The net force acting on a body equals its mass multiplied by its acceleration, F = ma, with force measured in newtons.

Ohm's Law

At constant temperature, the current through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage across it, V = IR, with resistance in ohms.

Speed of Light

Light travels through vacuum at about 3 × 10⁸ metres per second, which is roughly 300,000 kilometres per second.

Kinetic Energy Formula

The kinetic energy of a moving body equals one half of its mass multiplied by the square of its speed, written KE = ½mv².

Law of Reflection

The angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection, and the incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal all lie in the same plane.

Odd Days of a Year

An ordinary year has 1 odd day and a leap year has 2 odd days, found as the remainder after dividing the number of days by seven.

Blood Relation Terms

Maternal relatives belong to the mother's side and paternal relatives to the father's side; a cousin is the child of one's uncle or aunt.

Alphabet Position Values

In the English alphabet A = 1 and Z = 26. Opposite letters add to 27, so A pairs with Z and B with Y.

Mirror Image Rule

In a vertical mirror image, the left and right sides of the object are reversed while the top and bottom remain unchanged.

Ranking Position Formula

When people stand in a row, the total number of persons equals a person's rank from the left plus rank from the right minus one.

Letter Shift Coding

In letter-shift coding, every letter of a word is moved a fixed number of places forward or backward in the alphabet to produce the code.

K2 Mountain

K2 is the second highest mountain in the world at 8,611 metres and lies in the Karakoram range in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan.

Longest River of Pakistan

The Indus is the longest river in Pakistan; it rises in Tibet, flows about 3,180 kilometres and empties into the Arabian Sea near Karachi.

OIC Headquarters

The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation is a body of Muslim-majority states whose headquarters is located in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Planet Order from Sun

The eight planets in order outward from the Sun are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.

Pakistan Nuclear Tests 1998

Pakistan carried out its first nuclear tests on 28 May 1998 at Chagai in Balochistan, shortly after India conducted its own tests.

United Nations Founding

The United Nations was founded in 1945 and is headquartered in New York. Its principal organs include the General Assembly and Security Council.

Five Pillars of Islam

The five pillars are Shahadah (declaration of faith), Salah (prayer), Sawm (fasting in Ramadan), Zakat (obligatory charity) and Hajj (pilgrimage).

Zakat Rate

Zakat is an obligatory annual charity of 2.5 percent on qualifying savings and wealth held for a full lunar year above the nisab threshold.

Hijrah of 622 CE

The Hijrah was the migration of Prophet Muhammad from Makkah to Madinah in 622 CE, and it marks the start of the Islamic lunar calendar.

Lahore Resolution 1940

The Lahore Resolution was passed on 23 March 1940 at Minto Park, Lahore, demanding independent states for Muslim-majority regions of British India.

Constitution of 1973

Pakistan's present constitution was adopted in 1973; it established a parliamentary system and declares Islam the state religion.