Punjab Patwari (Pakistan Revenue and Land Administration Cadre Exams) flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Punjab area

Punjab covers about 50,362 square kilometres, making it one of India's smaller states by area; its capital is Chandigarh.

Punjab Reorganisation Act

The Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966, divided the former Punjab into Punjab, Haryana and the Union Territory of Chandigarh on linguistic grounds, effective 1 November 1966.

Treaty of Amritsar 1809

Signed between Maharaja Ranjit Singh and the British, the Treaty of Amritsar 1809 fixed the Sutlej as the boundary and checked Ranjit Singh's eastward expansion.

Annexation of Punjab

The British annexed Punjab in 1849 after defeating the Sikhs in the Second Anglo-Sikh War, ending the Sikh Empire and bringing the region under direct British rule.

Punjab Vidhan Sabha seats

The Punjab Legislative Assembly has 117 elected members; Punjab also sends 13 members to the Lok Sabha and 7 members to the Rajya Sabha.

Five rivers of Punjab

The historical five rivers are Sutlej, Beas, Ravi, Chenab and Jhelum; only Sutlej, Beas and Ravi flow through Indian Punjab today.

Subject-verb agreement

A singular subject takes a singular verb and a plural subject takes a plural verb; indefinite pronouns such as each, every, either and neither are singular.

Present perfect tense

Formed with has or have plus the past participle, it describes a past action with present relevance, such as 'She has finished her work'.

Active to passive rule

The object becomes the subject, the verb becomes a form of be plus the past participle, and the original subject follows by, as in 'The letter was written by him'.

Since versus for

Use since with a point of time (since 2010) and for with a duration (for five years); both are common with perfect tenses.

Affect versus effect

Affect is usually a verb meaning to influence, while effect is usually a noun meaning a result; 'The rain affected the crop' and 'The effect was severe'.

Gurmukhi script

Gurmukhi is the script used to write Punjabi in India; it has 35 basic letters, is written left to right, and is called Painti.

Shahmukhi script

Shahmukhi is the Perso-Arabic script used to write Punjabi in Pakistan; it is written right to left and differs from the Gurmukhi script used in India.

Punjabi word order

Punjabi generally follows Subject-Object-Verb order, meaning the verb comes at the end of a neutral sentence rather than after the subject as in English.

Punjabi postpositions

Punjabi uses postpositions after nouns, such as 'ghar vich' meaning 'in the house'; possession is shown by da, di or de, which agree with the possessed noun.

Addak in Gurmukhi

The addak symbol (ੱ) appears before a consonant and doubles that consonant in pronunciation, as in 'pakka', where the k sound is lengthened.

Percentage change formula

Percentage change equals (new value minus old value) divided by old value, multiplied by 100; a positive result is an increase and a negative result a decrease.

Successive percentage change

Two successive changes of a percent and b percent produce a net change of a + b + ab/100 percent, where signs are kept for increases and decreases.

Simple interest formula

Simple interest equals principal multiplied by rate multiplied by time, divided by 100; it is calculated only on the original principal.

Compound interest formula

Compound interest equals P(1 + R/100)^T minus P, where P is principal, R is annual rate and T is time in years.

Work together formula

If A completes a job in x days and B in y days, working together they finish it in xy/(x+y) days, provided their rates add.

Speed conversion

To convert kilometres per hour to metres per second, multiply by 5/18; to convert metres per second to kilometres per hour, multiply by 18/5.

Letter position rule

In the English alphabet, A is 1 and Z is 26; the reverse position of a letter equals 27 minus its forward position, so A's reverse is 26.

Syllogism conversion

In syllogisms, 'All A are B' does not imply 'All B are A', but 'Some A are B' converts to 'Some B are A'.

Blood relation tree

Draw a family tree with vertical lines for parent-child links and horizontal lines for siblings or spouses; then trace the asked relation step by step.

Clock hands overlap

The minute hand gains 55 minutes on the hour hand in 60 minutes, so the hands overlap every 65 5/11 minutes, not every 60 minutes.

Odd days in years

An ordinary year has 1 odd day and a leap year has 2; 100 years have 5 odd days and 400 years have 0 odd days.

Patwari role

A Patwari maintains village land records, collects land revenue and reports crop and ownership changes; the Patwari reports to the Kanungo and Tehsildar.

Khasra and Khatauni

A Khasra number identifies an individual plot of land, while a Khatauni or Khatoni lists the plots held by a cultivator or owner.

Jamabandi meaning

Jamabandi is the record of rights prepared periodically in land revenue administration; it shows owners, cultivators, plot numbers and revenue details for a village.

Kanal and marla

In Punjab land measurement, 1 kanal equals 20 marla and 1 acre equals 8 kanal or 160 marla; 1 marla is about 272.25 square feet.

Rabi and Kharif

Rabi crops are sown around October to December and harvested in April to June, while Kharif crops are sown around June to July and harvested in September to October.