Rescue 1122 EMT flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Primary survey order

Catastrophic haemorrhage control, Airway with spine protection, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, Exposure with temperature control. Reassess after every intervention and treat life threats as they are found.

Adult compression depth

Push at least 5 cm but no more than 6 cm into the adult chest at 100 to 120 compressions per minute, allowing full recoil between compressions and pausing under 10 seconds.

Paediatric CPR ratio

Two rescuers use 15 compressions to 2 ventilations; a lone rescuer uses 30 to 2. In asphyxial arrest begin with five rescue breaths before starting compressions.

Shockable rhythms

Only ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia are shockable. Asystole and pulseless electrical activity are non-shockable and are managed with compressions and adrenaline.

Adult adrenaline dose in arrest

Give 1 mg of 1:10,000 adrenaline intravenously or intraosseously every 3 to 5 minutes during cardiac arrest, without interrupting chest compressions for the administration.

Anaphylaxis IM adrenaline

Give 0.5 mg intramuscular adrenaline, which is 0.5 mL of the 1:1000 concentration, into the anterolateral thigh. Repeat every 5 minutes if the reaction persists.

Rule of nines

Adult burn surface: each arm 9 percent, each leg 18 percent, front trunk 18 percent, back trunk 18 percent, head 9 percent, perineum 1 percent. The patient's palm is about 1 percent.

Stroke onset time

Record the exact time the patient was last known well, not the time symptoms were discovered. This time determines eligibility for thrombolysis and thrombectomy at hospital.

Water rescue hierarchy

Prefer self-rescue, then reach or throw from shore, then boat rescue, then swimming entry with flotation. An untethered rescuer entering the water is the last option.

Confined space entry tests

Before entry, test oxygen concentration, flammable gas and toxic gas in that order, ventilate continuously, and keep a harnessed entrant on a retrieval line with an attendant outside.

Rope rescue safety factor

Life-safety rope systems use a main line plus a separate belay. Anchors are built to withstand at least 15 kilonewtons, and the system is checked by a qualified rescuer before loading.

Collapse structure marking

A search marking on a prominent surface records the team identity, date and time of entry and exit, hazards found, and the number of live and dead victims located inside.

Vehicle extrication sequence

Stabilise the vehicle, disconnect the battery, manage the glass, then create space through door removal, roof flap or dash roll. Sharp edges are covered before patient contact.

Trench spoil setback

Spoil and equipment are kept back at least the depth of the trench, with a 1 metre minimum, to prevent collapse loading. Shoring or a trench box is required before anyone enters.

Defensive swim position

Lie on the back with feet pointing downstream, body angled toward the bank, and arms sculling. This protects the head and allows the swimmer to move toward an exit point.

Throw bag line length

A rescue throw bag carries 15 to 25 metres of floating rope. The bag is thrown past and upstream of the victim so the line drifts into reach rather than striking them.

Fire tetrahedron

Combustion requires fuel, oxygen, heat and an uninhibited chemical chain reaction. Removing any one of these four components stops the fire from continuing.

Electrical fire extinguisher

Energised electrical fires are class C and are fought with carbon dioxide or dry chemical, never water. Power is isolated where possible before extinguishing begins.

Flashover warning signs

Rollover of flame in the smoke layer, smoke igniting at openings, and a rapid temperature rise indicate flashover is imminent. Crews withdraw or cool from outside the compartment.

Backdraft indicators

Smoke-stained or pulsating windows, little visible flame, inward-pulling air and intense heat suggest a backdraft. Ventilate at the highest point only with charged lines in place.

PASS extinguisher technique

Pull the pin, Aim at the base of the fire, Squeeze the handle, Sweep side to side. A 9 kilogram dry powder extinguisher discharges in roughly 10 to 20 seconds.

ERG guide number

The Emergency Response Guidebook assigns each hazardous material a three-digit guide giving protective clothing, isolation distances, and fire or spill response actions for first responders.

Unknown hazmat isolation

For an unidentified release, isolate at least 50 metres in all directions. If there is a visible vapour cloud or fire, isolate 100 metres and evacuate people downwind.

SCBA use trigger

Self-contained breathing apparatus is worn in any atmosphere that is immediately dangerous to life or health, including smoke, unknown gases and oxygen-deficient confined spaces.

Smoke alarm placement

Install alarms on every level, inside each bedroom and outside sleeping areas, on the ceiling at least 10 centimetres from the wall. Test monthly and replace every 10 years.

Community risk reduction cycle

Identify hazards, assess risk, plan interventions, implement them, then monitor and evaluate. The cycle repeats with updated data to target the highest-risk groups.

Drowning prevention layers

Combine supervision, barriers around water, swimming and rescue skills, and emergency response. Children under five need arm's-reach supervision near any water.

Household grab bag

A prepared kit holds water, food, torch, radio, first-aid kit, medicines and copies of documents. The household also agrees a meeting point and an out-of-area contact.

Occupant load calculation

Floor area divided by the occupant-load factor for the occupancy gives the occupant load. Required exit width is then derived from that load using a unit width per person.

Means of egress parts

The means of egress has three parts: exit access, the exit itself, and exit discharge. Each part must be continuous, unobstructed and protected from fire where required.

Incident command span of control

One supervisor directly manages roughly three to seven subordinates. Wider spans reduce control, so the incident command system adds sections or divisions as the incident grows.

Emergency management cycle

Mitigation reduces risk before an event, preparedness readies resources, response saves lives during the event, and recovery restores function afterwards. Lessons feed back into mitigation.