PN Level 2 flashcards
PN Level 2 · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Precontemplation stage
- Stage in which the client is not yet considering change and typically does not see the behavior as a problem; coaching aims at raising awareness rather than prescribing a program.
- Contemplation stage
- Stage in which the client is aware of a problem and weighing pros and cons but has not committed; decisional balance work and exploring ambivalence are the matched tasks.
- Preparation stage
- Stage in which the client intends to act soon and begins small steps; goal setting, a concrete plan, and a start date are the appropriate coaching tasks.
- Action stage
- Stage in which the client has recently changed behavior and is actively practicing it; coaching focuses on reinforcement, stimulus control, and relapse prevention skills.
- Maintenance stage
- Stage in which the change has persisted for months and the task shifts to sustaining gains, coping with high-risk situations, and preventing relapse.
- Decisional balance
- A structured comparison of the perceived benefits and costs of changing versus not changing a behavior; the balance shifts toward change as motivation grows.
- Self-efficacy
- A person's belief in their capability to execute a behavior successfully; it predicts initiation, effort, and persistence and is built through mastery and modeling.
- Autonomy, competence, relatedness
- The three basic psychological needs in self-determination theory; coaching that supports all three tends to increase intrinsic motivation and long-term adherence.
- SMART goal criteria
- A goal standard requiring the objective to be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound so progress can be judged objectively.
- Outcome versus behavior goals
- Outcome goals describe end results such as weight or race time; behavior goals describe actions the client controls, such as sessions attended per week.
- FITT-VP framework
- A prescription frame covering frequency, intensity, time, type, volume, and progression of exercise, used to build and adjust a training plan systematically.
- Progression rule of thumb
- A common guideline that weekly increases in training volume stay near ten percent, allowing adaptation while limiting overload injury risk.
- OARS skills
- Four motivational interviewing micro-skills: open-ended questions, affirmations, reflections, and summaries; they guide exploration and reduce resistance.
- Change talk
- Client statements favoring movement toward a target behavior, such as desire, ability, reasons, or need; eliciting and reflecting it supports commitment.
- Sustain talk
- Client statements favoring the status quo; it is treated as normal ambivalence to explore rather than as opposition to argue against.
- Stimulus control
- An action-stage strategy that removes cues for unwanted behavior and adds cues for the desired behavior, such as keeping training clothes visible.
- Relapse versus lapse
- A lapse is a single slip in the changed behavior; a relapse is a return to the old pattern. Coaching frames a lapse as information, not failure.
- Relapse prevention triad
- Three steps: identify high-risk situations, rehearse specific coping responses, and write a recovery plan for returning to the program after a slip.
- SOAP note structure
- A client record format with Subjective report, Objective measurements, Assessment interpretation, and Plan; entries are dated and factual.
- PAR-Q+ screening
- A pre-participation health questionnaire; positive answers trigger follow-up detail and may require medical clearance or adapted programming before training begins.
- Baseline assessment purpose
- Measurement taken before programming so later change can be attributed to training; it also identifies starting loads, asymmetries, and injury risk.
- Retest standardization
- Repeating the same protocol, equipment, timing, and warm-up at each reassessment so differences reflect real change rather than test variation.
- Red-flag referral
- A sign such as chest pain, fainting, or unexplained breathlessness that stops the session and requires medical referral instead of program adjustment.
- Scope of practice
- The legally defined boundary of a trainer's role: prescribe exercise and behavior support, but do not diagnose, treat conditions, or prescribe clinical diets.
- Informed consent record
- Documentation that the client understood risks, benefits, and alternatives before participation; it is signed, dated, and retained in the client file.
- Mentor observation rubric
- A structured checklist of coaching competencies used during live or recorded sessions so feedback targets specific observable behaviors rather than general impressions.
- Feedback sandwich caution
- Praise-criticism-praise sequences can dilute the message; specific behavior-plus-impact feedback with one or two priorities is generally clearer.
- Adherence metrics
- Tracked indicators such as attendance rate, session completion, and self-monitoring frequency; a decline in any signals the need to renegotiate the plan.
- Progression decision rule
- If the client meets progression criteria, advance load or volume; if adherence is below target, resolve the barrier before changing the prescription.
- Problem-solving sequence
- Define the specific barrier, generate options with the client, choose one, set a review date, and record the outcome in the client file.
- Session documentation timing
- Notes are written the same day as the session while details are accurate; delayed records lose specificity and weaken continuity between trainers.
- Program review interval
- A scheduled reassessment, commonly every four to six weeks, at which goals, adherence, and measured progress are reviewed and the plan is revised.