RSP cheat sheet

ISO 45001 and ANSI/AIHA Z10 both structure the safety management system on the Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle; the Act phase closes the loop through management review and corrective action.

OSHA's Recommended Practices for Safety and Health Programs (2016) name seven core elements: management leadership, worker participation, hazard identification and assessment, hazard prevention and control, education and training, evaluation and improvement, and communication/coordination with contractors and staffing agencies.

Formula: TRIR = (number of OSHA-recordable cases x 200,000) / total hours worked; the constant 200,000 equals 100 workers x 40 hours x 50 weeks.

Formula: DART rate = (cases with days away, restricted work, or job transfer x 200,000) / total hours worked.

Leading indicators (near-miss reporting, inspection completion, training hours, audit closure rate) predict future performance; lagging indicators (TRIR, DART, lost-time rate) describe past outcomes.

Programs that work assign safety accountability to line management and embed it in performance appraisals rather than assigning all responsibility to a staff safety function.

ISO 45001 requires the organization to determine its context, secure top-management leadership, and ensure worker participation and consultation on hazard controls.

Program evaluation compares measured performance against stated objectives, and results feed into management review to trigger corrective action and revised objectives.

The OSH Act of 1970 created OSHA (DOL, enforcement) and NIOSH (CDC, research); MSHA covers mining and EPA covers environmental regulation.

OSH Act Section 5(a)(1), the General Duty Clause, requires each employer to furnish a workplace free of recognized hazards causing or likely to cause death or serious physical harm; it is applied where no specific standard exists.

29 CFR 1910 covers general industry, 29 CFR 1926 covers construction, and 29 CFR 1904 governs injury and illness recordkeeping.

States operating OSHA-approved plans must run programs at least as effective as federal OSHA (OSH Act Section 18).

Consensus standards (ANSI/ASSP, NFPA, ASTM, ISO) are voluntary and become enforceable only when incorporated by reference (for example 29 CFR 1910.6) or adopted by a state plan or contract.

Employee rights include requesting an inspection, participating in the walkaround, accessing exposure and medical records (1910.1020), receiving hazard information (1910.1200), and protection from retaliation under Section 11(c).

Recordkeeping deadlines: enter a recordable case on the OSHA 300 log within 7 calendar days of learning of it, and post the 300A annual summary from February 1 through April 30.

Rapid reporting to OSHA: fatality within 8 hours; in-patient hospitalization, amputation, or loss of an eye within 24 hours.

Risk score = severity x likelihood; hazards are plotted on a matrix and controlled in rank order, highest risk first.

Hierarchy of controls, most to least effective: elimination, substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls, then personal protective equipment.

JHA/JSA method: select the job, break it into sequential steps, identify hazards at each step, specify controls, then communicate and update as conditions change.

HAZOP applies guide words (no, more, less, reverse, as well as, part of, other than) to process parameters to find hazardous deviations in continuous processes.

FMEA: RPN = severity x occurrence x detection; failure modes are ranked by RPN for corrective action.

Fault tree analysis is deductive and top-down using Boolean gates; event tree analysis is inductive, starting from an initiating event and tracing consequences forward.

Bow-tie analysis joins a fault tree (threats and preventive barriers) and an event tree (consequences and mitigating barriers) at a single top event.

ALARP requires reducing risk as low as reasonably practicable, balancing cost against benefit; residual risk must be documented and accepted by an accountable manager.

Investigate promptly: secure and photograph the scene, preserve physical evidence, and interview witnesses separately before accounts become influenced by others.

Recordable criteria under 29 CFR 1904: death, days away from work, restricted work or transfer, medical treatment beyond first aid, loss of consciousness, or a significant injury diagnosed by a physician.

First aid (bandages, non-prescription medication, simple wound cleaning, fluids for heat stress) is not recordable; prescription medication, sutures, and physical therapy are medical treatment and are recordable.

Needlestick and sharps injuries are privacy-concern cases: record 'privacy case' on the OSHA 300 log instead of the employee's name.

Root-cause methods include 5 Whys, fishbone (Ishikawa) diagrams, fault trees, barrier analysis, change analysis, and MORT; each moves past the immediate cause to system causes.

Distinguish immediate causes (unsafe acts and conditions) from root causes (management system, design, training, or procedural deficiencies).

Every investigation must yield corrective actions with a named owner and due date, tracked to verified closure.

Repeat root causes in successive incidents indicate failed corrective action, not bad luck, and should trigger review of the action plan.

Training design sequence: needs assessment, learning objectives, content design, delivery, evaluation, and revision.

Write objectives with observable action verbs and a stated performance criterion (Bloom's taxonomy) so competence can be measured rather than assumed.

Kirkpatrick evaluation levels: 1 reaction, 2 learning, 3 behavior on the job, 4 results such as injury rates, quality, and cost.

OSHA requires training delivered in a language and vocabulary the employee understands (for example 1910.132(f) for PPE and 1910.1200(h) for hazard communication).

HazCom training content: methods to detect a release, physical and health hazards, protective measures, and the hazard communication program including how to obtain and use SDSs.

Retraining is triggered by workplace or process change, introduction of a new hazard, incident or near-miss findings, and observed performance deficiency.

Retention improves with hands-on practice, demonstration and return-demonstration, spaced repetition, and job-relevant scenarios; lecture-only delivery is the weakest method.

Document training with date, content, trainer name, attendee names, and evaluation results to support compliance and gap analysis.

Routes of exposure are inhalation, ingestion, dermal absorption, and injection; inhalation is the dominant route for airborne contaminants.

OSHA PELs are legally enforceable; NIOSH RELs and ACGIH TLVs are recommendations and are frequently lower than corresponding PELs.

TWA averages exposure over an 8-hour shift; STEL is a 15-minute short-term limit; a ceiling limit must never be exceeded at any time.

Mixture rule: sum (C_i / L_i) for each component; a result greater than 1.0 means the mixture exposure exceeds the limit.

Noise: OSHA PEL is 90 dBA as an 8-hour TWA, with an 85 dBA action level and a hearing conservation program required at that action level.

OSHA uses a 5 dB noise exchange rate; NIOSH uses 3 dB, so NIOSH limits are more protective at high exposures.

Oxygen deficiency is below 19.5 percent oxygen; oxygen enrichment is above 23.5 percent; both increase fire or health risk and require controls.

Personal breathing-zone sampling is preferred over fixed-area sampling because it estimates the individual's actual exposure.

Fire tetrahedron: fuel, oxygen, heat, and the chemical chain reaction; removing any one element extinguishes combustion.

Fire classes: A ordinary combustibles, B flammable liquids, C energized electrical, D combustible metals, K cooking oils; the extinguisher rating must match the class.

NFPA 10 travel distance: Class A extinguishers within 75 feet; Class B within 30 to 50 feet depending on hazard level; Class D within 75 feet.

Extinguisher maintenance: monthly visual inspection, annual maintenance check, and hydrostatic testing at the interval specified for the extinguisher type.

Emergency action plan (1910.38) elements: reporting procedures, evacuation or shelter actions, accounting for all employees, rescue and medical duties, and alarm systems.

Fire prevention plan (1910.39) elements: list of major fire hazards, handling and storage procedures, and control of ignition sources and combustible materials.

Exit routes (1910.37) require at least two means of escape, kept unobstructed and unlocked in the direction of travel, adequately lit, and marked with exit signs.

Emergency lighting must provide at least 90 minutes of illumination on the path of egress under NFPA 101.

RCRA hazardous waste characteristics: ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, and toxicity (ICRT).

Waste hierarchy in order of preference: source reduction, reuse, recycling, energy recovery, treatment, and disposal last.

CERCLA (Superfund) governs release reporting and cleanup liability; EPCRA (SARA Title III) requires Tier II inventory reports and TRI Form R submissions.

Release notification: reportable-quantity releases must be reported immediately to the National Response Center and to applicable state and local agencies.

Clean Water Act permits include NPDES discharge permits and stormwater coverage with a SWPPP; Clean Air Act Title V permits apply to major sources.

An SPCC plan is required for facilities storing oil above threshold quantities and must include secondary containment and inspection procedures.

ISO 14001 uses the PDCA cycle and requires identification of environmental aspects and impacts, determination of significant aspects, and compliance obligations.

Greenhouse gas accounting scopes: Scope 1 direct emissions, Scope 2 purchased energy, Scope 3 value-chain emissions.