GAT (Qudurat) key terms

A question that presents two pairs of words and asks you to identify the same logical link between them, such as tool and user, cause and result, or part and whole.

A word that carries the same or nearly the same meaning as another word in a given context, such as "rapid" and "quick" when both describe speed.

A word whose meaning is opposite to another word's meaning, such as "expand" and "contract"; antonym questions ask you to spot the pair with the reverse relationship.

A task that gives several words where all but one share a common category or feature; you must find the single word that does not belong to that group.

A question containing a sentence with one or more blanks; you choose the word or words that make the sentence grammatically correct and consistent with the clues built into it.

Information inside a sentence or passage, such as a definition, example, contrast, or cause, that helps you work out the meaning of an unfamiliar word.

A set of questions based on a short passage; you read to grasp the writer's point, locate stated details, and draw conclusions that the text genuinely supports.

The central point that a passage or paragraph is built around; the other sentences explain, support, or illustrate it, and it is usually stated or strongly implied.

A fact, example, or reason in a text that explains or proves the main idea; detail questions ask what the passage actually says, not what it suggests.

A conclusion you draw from evidence in the text rather than from a directly stated sentence; it must follow logically and stay within what the passage implies.

The writer's attitude toward the subject, revealed by word choice and emphasis; it may be neutral, critical, approving, humorous, or doubtful, and tone questions ask you to pick the option matching that attitude.

Saying the same idea in different words; restatement questions ask which option preserves the original meaning without adding new information or dropping an essential element.

A link in which one event or condition makes another happen; these questions ask you to identify what produced a result or what resulted from a given cause.

A link in which one item is a piece, member, or ingredient of the other, such as a wheel to a car or a chapter to a book.

A link where two words differ mainly in strength, such as "warm" and "scorching"; analogy questions may ask you to match pairs with a similar gap in intensity.

The feeling or association a word carries beyond its literal meaning, such as the negative hint in "stingy" compared with the more neutral "thrifty".

The way sentences in a paragraph are tied together by linking words, repeated terms, and pronouns so that the text reads as one smooth, connected unit.

Wording that goes beyond literal meaning to create an image or comparison, such as metaphor, simile, or personification; questions ask what the image suggests about the subject.

A comparison of two quantities by division, written as 3:5 or 3/5; it tells how many times one amount contains another, not the actual sizes of them.

An equation stating that two ratios are equal; in direct proportion both quantities grow together, while in inverse proportion one rises as the other falls.

A ratio expressed as a part of one hundred; to find a percentage of a number, convert the percentage to a decimal or fraction and then multiply.

The sum of a set of values divided by how many values there are; it balances the data but can be pulled up or down by a single extreme value.

A mean in which each value counts according to its weight or frequency; multiply each value by its weight, add the results, then divide by the total weight.

The middle value of a set arranged in order; if the set has an even number of values, the median is the average of the two middle ones.

The difference between the largest and the smallest value in a data set; it shows how spread out the data is, but it ignores every value in between.

A whole number greater than one whose only positive divisors are one and itself, such as 2, 3, 5, 7, and 11; the number 1 is not prime.

The largest whole number that divides two or more numbers with no remainder; writing each number as a product of primes makes it easy to find.

The smallest whole number that is a multiple of two or more given numbers; it is especially useful for adding fractions that have different denominators.

A shortcut test that tells whether a number divides evenly by another without long division, such as "ends in 0 or 5" for division by 5.

A small number written above and to the right of a base that shows how many times the base is multiplied by itself, as in 2³ = 2 × 2 × 2.

The agreed sequence for evaluating expressions: brackets first, then powers, then multiplication and division from left to right, then addition and subtraction from left to right.

A number from 0 to 1 measuring how likely an event is, found by dividing the number of favourable outcomes by the total number of equally likely outcomes.

A selection of items in which order does not matter, such as choosing three students from a class; it differs from a permutation, where the order of items counts.

Overlapping circles used to show sets and their shared members; the overlap holds items belonging to both sets, and the regions outside hold items belonging to neither.

The amount of surface a flat shape covers, measured in square units; formulas differ by shape, such as length × width for a rectangle and half base × height for a triangle.

The amount of space a solid object occupies, measured in cubic units; for a rectangular box it equals length × width × height, and for a cylinder it is base area times height.

In a right triangle, the square of the hypotenuse equals the sum of the squares of the other two sides, written as a² + b² = c²; it is used to find a missing side.

The relationship distance = rate × time; rearrange it to find speed or time, and remember that the units of time and distance must match before you calculate.

A list of numbers that follows a hidden rule, such as adding a fixed amount or multiplying by a constant; you must find the rule and then supply the missing term.

A measure of how steep a straight line is, found by dividing the vertical change by the horizontal change between two points on that line.