SAP S/4HANA FI key terms

A key that classifies accounting documents and controls their number range, the account types allowed, the posting keys permitted, and the field status of the entry screens.

A defined interval of document numbers, assigned to a document type and fiscal year, from which the system draws the next number when a document is posted.

A control assigned to a G/L account that determines whether individual fields on the entry screen are required, optional, or suppressed for postings to that account.

A two-digit key on a document line that specifies the account type (customer, vendor, G/L), whether the line is a debit or credit, and the field layout.

The rule that every accounting document must balance, meaning total debits equal total credits, and that once posted a document cannot be changed, only reversed.

A new document that offsets the postings of an original document, either by reversing the sign or by swapping debit and credit, leaving a clear audit trail.

The organized list of all G/L accounts used by one or more company codes, defining account numbers, names, and control information such as account type and reconciliation account flag.

The smallest organizational unit for which a complete, self-contained set of financial statements can be produced according to local legal requirements.

A customizing setting that defines the number and length of posting periods in a fiscal year and is assigned to company codes to control which periods are open.

A time interval, usually a month, during which transactions may be posted; periods are opened and closed per account type and company code.

The master record holding a supplier's data, divided into general data, company-code data such as reconciliation account and payment terms, and purchasing data.

A G/L account to which vendor or customer subledger postings are automatically summarized; it cannot be posted to directly and keeps the general ledger in sync with the subledger.

Conditions defining when an invoice is due and what cash discount the payer may deduct for early settlement, stored in the vendor or customer master and copied into documents.

A posting that does not affect the normal reconciliation account but is recorded on an alternative reconciliation account, used for down payments, guarantees, bills of exchange, or noted items.

An advance paid to a vendor or received from a customer before delivery, posted as a special G/L transaction and later cleared against the invoice.

The SAP tool (transaction F110) that selects open items, proposes payments, and creates payment documents and payment media such as bank transfers or checks.

The execution cycle of the automatic payment program consisting of parameter maintenance, a proposal run, review of the proposal, and the final payment run.

A country-specific key in the vendor master that determines how a payment is made, for example by bank transfer, check, or direct debit, and which payment medium is created.

A simulated run of the payment program that lists the items that would be paid, allowing the user to review, change, or delete entries before the final run.

A bank with which a company maintains accounts, identified in the system by bank country, bank key, and a house bank ID, and used for payment and check processing.

The identifier of a bank within a bank country, typically the bank number or routing number, used together with the bank country to find a bank in the system.

A key that identifies one specific account at a house bank, combined with the house bank ID to determine the bank account used for payments and check lots.

The master record holding a customer's data, split into general data, company-code data such as reconciliation account and payment terms, and sales area data.

The process of reminding customers of overdue invoices by sending dunning notices at increasing levels, driven by dunning procedures and dunning areas.

A write-down of receivables to reflect the risk that they will not be collected, posted either as an individual adjustment for a specific customer or as a flat-rate adjustment for a group.

Open customer invoices whose collection is uncertain; they are reduced in value through value adjustments so the balance sheet shows a realistic amount.

A report that groups open receivables or payables by how long they have been overdue, used to assess credit risk and to support value adjustments or dunning.

A document that reduces the amount a customer owes, for example for returned goods or a price correction, and can be cleared against an open invoice.

A key that groups fixed assets with similar characteristics and controls the G/L accounts, depreciation areas, and screen layout used when creating the asset master record.

A valuation view of an asset, such as book depreciation or tax depreciation, for which the system calculates and stores separate depreciation amounts.

A set of rules controlling how an asset depreciates, combining a depreciation method, a useful life or rate, and the start of depreciation.

The number of periods or years over which an asset is depreciated, entered in the asset master or derived from the depreciation key.

The initial posting that brings an asset onto the books, either from an external purchase or through an internal settlement, and that starts depreciation.

A key in Asset Accounting that classifies an asset transaction such as acquisition, retirement, or transfer, and controls the accounts and posting logic used.

A transaction (AW01N) that displays an asset's planned and posted depreciation by area and period, and lets you trace how the values were calculated.

The configuration of the SAP system through the Implementation Guide, where tables and settings such as document types, payment terms, and depreciation keys are defined without programming.

A container that records customizing or development changes in a source system so they can be imported consistently into subsequent systems such as test and production.