SCWI flashcards
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- Welder performance qualification
- A test that demonstrates a welder's ability to produce a weld meeting prescribed quality requirements using a qualified welding procedure and specified essential variables.
- Essential variable (welder)
- A welding condition that, if changed beyond code limits, requires requalification of the welder because it can affect the welder's ability to make sound welds.
- Groove weld qualification
- Under ASME IX, a welder passing a groove weld test is qualified for groove and fillet welds within the thickness and position ranges of the test.
- Fillet-only qualification
- A welder tested only on a fillet weld is qualified for fillet welds within the qualified thickness and position ranges, not for groove welds.
- Six-month validity rule
- Welder qualification typically expires if the welder has not used the qualified process for six months; requalification or an approved extension is then required.
- Position qualification 3G
- In AWS D1.1, a welder qualified in the 3G vertical-groove position is also qualified for 1G and 2G positions, but not automatically for 4G.
- Test coupon bend test
- Bend specimens evaluate ductility and fusion of a welder qualification coupon; excessive cracks or defects beyond code acceptance limits constitute failure.
- Welder qualification record
- A record identifying the welder, process, position, thickness range, filler metal, code, test date, and results, used to verify that production welding is authorized.
- WPS
- A written, qualified procedure that gives the welder the variables and ranges needed to make production welds that comply with the applicable code.
- PQR
- The record of actual variables used to weld a procedure qualification test coupon and the destructive test results that demonstrate the procedure's acceptability.
- Essential variable (procedure)
- A procedure variable that, if changed outside the qualified range, requires a new procedure qualification because it can affect weld properties.
- P-number
- ASME IX groups base metals by composition, metallurgical behavior, and weldability; a qualified procedure covers base metals within the same P-number and group unless otherwise restricted.
- F-number
- ASME IX groups filler metals by usability and composition; procedure and performance qualifications are often limited by the F-number tested.
- Tensile test acceptance
- For procedure qualification, a tensile specimen generally must reach at least the minimum specified tensile strength of the base metal; failure below that value requires investigation.
- Prequalified WPS
- Under AWS D1.1, a WPS may be used without procedure qualification only when all prequalified conditions for process, base metal, filler, joint, and position are satisfied.
- PWHT essential change
- Adding, deleting, or changing postweld heat treatment parameters is often an essential variable; requalification may be required because weld properties can change.
- Welding coordinator
- A person responsible for coordinating welding production, ensuring qualified procedures and personnel are used, and maintaining quality records required by the applicable standard.
- Document control
- A system that ensures only approved WPS revisions, drawings, and inspection criteria are available at the work site and obsolete documents are removed.
- Heat traceability
- The ability to link a welded joint to the base metal heat number, filler lot, WPS, and welder so that quality records can be audited.
- Nonconformance report
- A formal record describing a departure from requirements, its disposition, and corrective action; dispositions may include repair, rework, accept, or reject.
- Low-hydrogen electrode storage
- Low-hydrogen electrodes must be stored, held, and rebaked according to manufacturer limits; excessive moisture exposure can cause hydrogen-induced cracking.
- Preheat measurement
- Preheat and interpass temperatures are measured at specified locations and frequencies using calibrated instruments, then recorded to verify procedure compliance.
- Calibration status
- Inspection and welding measuring instruments must have current calibration; results from uncalibrated or out-of-tolerance equipment are unreliable and may be rejected.
- ISO 3834 coordination
- ISO 3834 specifies quality requirements for welding coordination, including review of requirements, subcontracting, inspection, and competence of welding personnel.
- RT volumetric detection
- Radiographic testing detects internal volumetric discontinuities such as porosity and slag; planar cracks may be missed unless oriented favorably to the radiation beam.
- UT planar detection
- Ultrasonic testing is effective for planar and internal discontinuities and requires good surface condition and couplant; coarse-grain material may need special techniques.
- PT surface detection
- Penetrant testing detects surface-breaking discontinuities in nonporous materials by capillary action; precleaning and proper dwell and development times are essential.
- MT ferromagnetic limitation
- Magnetic particle testing applies to ferromagnetic materials and detects surface or near-surface discontinuities; magnetization direction must be roughly perpendicular to the flaw.
- NDT personnel certification
- NDT personnel are qualified and certified by method and level under schemes such as ASNT SNT-TC-1A, CP-189, or ISO 9712; certification must match the inspection.
- NDT procedure qualification
- An NDT procedure must be qualified to the applicable code and method, specifying technique, equipment, calibration, scanning, and acceptance criteria.
- Acceptance criteria
- Code-specific limits define whether an indicated discontinuity is acceptable; the same indication may be acceptable under one code and rejectable under another.
- NDT report content
- An NDT report should identify the method, procedure, equipment, calibration, examiner, examination locations, results, and the acceptance standard used.