South Dakota CNA flashcards
South Dakota CNA · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Normal adult respiratory rate
- 12 to 20 breaths per minute at rest; count for a full minute when breathing is irregular, and report rates outside this range.
- Normal adult pulse rate
- 60 to 100 beats per minute at rest; note rate, rhythm, and strength, and report a rate outside this range or an irregular rhythm.
- Ounces to milliliters
- One fluid ounce equals 30 milliliters; use this conversion when recording intake and output so the totals are accurate.
- Pulse oximetry report threshold
- An oxygen saturation below 90 percent is abnormal and is reported to the nurse promptly, along with the resident's symptoms.
- Safe bath water temperature
- 105 to 110 degrees Fahrenheit, about 40 to 43 Celsius; test with a thermometer or the inner wrist before the resident enters the water.
- Female perineal care direction
- Wipe from front to back, moving from the urethra toward the rectum, to keep stool bacteria away from the urinary opening.
- Dressing a resident with weakness
- Dress the weak or affected side first and undress that side last, so clothing goes on and off with less strain and pain.
- Denture care steps
- Remove with gauze or a washcloth, clean over a towel-lined basin, and store in a labeled cup covered with water when not in the mouth.
- Maslow's hierarchy order
- Physiological needs first, then safety, love and belonging, esteem, and self-actualization; lower-level needs are met before higher ones can be addressed.
- Erikson's older adult stage
- Integrity versus despair; supporting life review and reminiscence helps residents find meaning and accept their life's choices.
- Depression signs in older adults
- Withdrawal, poor appetite, sleep changes, and hopelessness are not normal aging and should be reported to the nurse.
- Responding to resident anger
- Stay calm, acknowledge the feeling, and avoid arguing; anger may signal pain, fear, or loss of control.
- SBAR handoff
- Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation; a structured way to report a resident's change in condition to the nurse.
- Communicating with aphasia
- Use pictures, gestures, and short questions, and allow extra time; do not finish the resident's sentences or pretend to understand.
- Hearing loss communication
- Face the resident, get their attention, speak in a lower pitch, and reduce background noise; shouting raises pitch and distorts sound.
- Objective charting
- Record what you saw and did in factual terms, such as 'resident cried for five minutes,' rather than opinions like 'resident was sad.'
- Validation therapy
- Accept the resident's reality instead of correcting a false belief; join the feeling behind the statement to reduce distress.
- Sundowning
- Increased confusion and agitation in late afternoon or evening; reduce stimulation, keep routines, and provide calm activities.
- Redirecting an agitated resident
- Change the topic or activity rather than arguing; move the resident to a calm area and offer a simple choice.
- Delirium versus dementia
- Delirium has a sudden onset and fluctuating course and is often caused by infection, medication, or dehydration; report it immediately.
- OBRA resident rights
- The 1987 federal law guarantees dignity, privacy, self-determination, and freedom from abuse and unnecessary restraints in nursing homes.
- Right to refuse treatment
- A resident may refuse any treatment or medication; accept the refusal, document it, and report it to the nurse without forcing care.
- Restraint use rules
- Restraints need a physician's order for a specific, time-limited reason, frequent monitoring, and release; they are never for staff convenience.
- Grievance rights
- Residents may voice complaints without fear of retaliation; the facility must post and explain the grievance process to them.
- RACE fire response
- Rescue anyone in danger, Alarm, Contain the fire by closing doors, and Extinguish or Evacuate as directed by the facility plan.
- PASS extinguisher use
- Pull the pin, Aim at the base of the fire, Squeeze the handle, and Sweep from side to side until the fire is out.
- Fall prevention measures
- Keep the bed low, call light within reach, non-skid footwear on, and pathways clear; answer call lights promptly.
- Gait belt transfer
- Place the belt around the resident's waist over clothing, grasp it, keep the resident close, and pivot with your feet, not your back.
- Handwashing duration
- Wash with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, including under nails and between fingers; wash when hands are visibly soiled.
- PPE removal order
- Remove gloves first, then goggles, gown, and mask last; perform hand hygiene between steps and after removing all PPE.
- Airborne precautions
- Negative-pressure room with the door closed and an N95 respirator for staff; used for tuberculosis, measles, and chickenpox.
- Sharps disposal
- Do not recap, bend, or break needles; drop them immediately into a puncture-resistant sharps container located near the point of use.