TN Cosmetology flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Cocci

Round-shaped bacteria that appear singly or in groups; staphylococci form clusters and streptococci form chains. Some cause skin infections and are treated as contagious until cleared.

Hospital-grade disinfectant

An EPA-registered product labeled bactericidal, virucidal, and fungicidal, used on nonporous implements after cleaning. The label's contact time must be followed exactly for it to work.

Autoclave

Sterilizing device that uses steam under pressure, usually 250 degrees F (121 degrees C) at 15 psi for 15 to 20 minutes, to destroy all microbial life including spores on metal implements.

Standard precautions

Treating all blood and body fluids as potentially infectious regardless of a client's appearance or stated health status; requires gloves, eye protection, and hand washing between clients.

Anagen phase

Active growth stage of a hair follicle, lasting about two to six years and accounting for roughly 90 percent of scalp hair at any one time.

Dermal papilla

Small cone of tissue at the base of the hair follicle containing blood vessels and nerves; it supplies the nutrients that drive cell division and hair growth.

Eumelanin

Brown and black pigment produced in the cortex; a high ratio of eumelanin to pheomelanin produces dark hair, while low amounts produce blond hair.

Disulfide bond

Strong chemical side bond between two sulfur atoms in the cortex that gives hair strength and shape; it is broken by permanent wave and relaxer chemicals and reformed by a neutralizer.

Traveling guide

Cutting guide that moves with each new subsection by taking a strand from the previously cut section, producing increasing length and layered shapes rather than a uniform line.

90-degree elevation

Holding hair straight out from the head before cutting; produces a uniform layered shape with evenly distributed weight and is the standard for a layered cut.

Overdirection

Combing hair away from its natural fall position before cutting; it builds graduation or added length in a design, such as longer hair toward the front hairline.

Point cutting

Texturizing technique in which the tips of the shears cut into the ends of a section at an angle; softens a blunt line and removes bulk without much overall shortening.

On-base placement

Roller or curl positioned directly on its base section; it creates maximum volume and the strongest curl pattern in a wet set.

Pin curl stem

The straight section of a pin curl between the scalp and the first turn of the circle; it determines the direction the finished curl moves.

Marcel iron

Thermal curling iron with a grooved barrel that holds hair in place; it is heated in a heater, never over an open flame, and tested on tissue paper before use.

Backcombing

Teasing hair by combing strands toward the scalp to build a cushion of volume at the base; the comb should stay above the scalp to avoid injury.

20-volume developer

Six percent hydrogen peroxide that lifts natural pigment about one level while depositing tint; commonly used for same-level color and gray coverage on most hair.

Law of color

System stating that primary colors red, yellow, and blue mix into secondary colors, and that a color opposite on the color wheel neutralizes another, such as blue canceling orange.

Patch test

Application of a small amount of aniline-derivative tint behind the ear or in the elbow crease 24 to 48 hours before the service to detect an allergic reaction.

Tint back

Returning lightened hair to a darker color; when going more than two levels darker, a filler is applied first so the ends do not turn muddy or green.

Thioglycolic acid

Active reducing agent in cold permanent waves, used at pH 9.0 to 9.6; it breaks disulfide bonds so hair can be reshaped around a rod.

Neutralizer

Sodium bromate or hydrogen peroxide solution applied after a permanent wave to rebuild broken disulfide bonds in their new shape and stop the chemical processing.

No-lye relaxer

Relaxer made by mixing guanidine hydroxide with calcium hydroxide; it has a higher pH than lye, is more drying, and is often chosen for sensitive scalps.

Test curl

Checking a small wrapped strand during a perm or relaxer to confirm the desired curl or straightness has been reached before rinsing out the product.

Effleurage

Light, continuous stroking massage movement performed with the palms and fingertips, used to begin and end a facial or scalp massage and to apply product.

Lunula

Whitish half-moon at the base of the nail plate; it is the visible portion of the matrix, which produces new nail cells.

Onychomycosis

Fungal infection of the nail plate causing thickening, discoloration, and separation; it is contagious, so the cosmetologist must not perform services and should refer the client.

Squoval

Nail shape with a straight free edge and rounded corners; it is strong and works well on wide nail beds.

Booth rental

Arrangement in which a licensed professional pays a fixed weekly rent for space in a salon and is responsible for their own supplies, taxes, and insurance.

Safety Data Sheet

OSHA-required document supplied with each chemical product describing hazards, safe handling, first aid, and storage; it must be kept on file in the salon.

Commission pay

Compensation calculated as a percentage of the service and retail revenue a stylist generates; for example, 40 percent of $200 in services equals $80.

Scope of practice

The services a license authorizes; a Tennessee licensee may perform only services covered by their specific license category and must refer medical conditions to a physician.