WI Cosmetology flashcards
WI Cosmetology · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Cranial bones
- Eight bones forming the cranium that protect the brain: frontal, two parietal, two temporal, occipital, ethmoid and sphenoid.
- Masseter muscle
- Muscle at the angle of the jaw that coordinates chewing and closing the mouth; it is often addressed in facial massage and tightens with clenching.
- Trigeminal nerve
- Fifth cranial nerve and chief sensory nerve of the face; its ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular branches also control the muscles of chewing.
- pH scale
- Scale from 0 to 14 where 7 is neutral, below 7 is acidic and above 7 is alkaline; hair and skin sit near pH 4.5 to 5.5.
- Disinfection
- Chemical process that destroys most microorganisms, including most bacteria and viruses, on hard nonporous implements but not bacterial spores; required after each client.
- Anagen phase
- Active growth phase of the hair follicle lasting roughly two to six years; about 90 percent of scalp hairs are in this phase at any given time.
- Cortex
- Middle and thickest layer of the hair shaft, made of keratin and melanin; chemical texture and color services change the hair within this layer.
- Color level system
- Haircolor numbering from 1, black, to 10, lightest blonde, describing the lightness or darkness of a color independent of its tone.
- 20 volume developer
- Hydrogen peroxide at 6 percent that lifts about one level while depositing color; chosen when only slight lightening is needed.
- Acid wave
- Ammonium thioglycolate wave with a pH near 7.0 to 7.5 that requires heat to process and produces soft curl with less hair damage.
- 45-degree cutting angle
- Hair held at 45 degrees from the head, producing graduated layers that build weight at the perimeter and volume at the crown.
- Acid mantle
- Protective film of sebum and sweat on the skin surface at pH 4.5 to 5.5 that limits bacteria and helps hold moisture in the skin.
- Fitzpatrick scale
- Six-category skin typing system based on how skin responds to ultraviolet light; used to judge treatment intensity and sun protection needs.
- Effleurage
- Light, continuous gliding massage movement used at the start and end of a facial; it warms tissue and improves circulation.
- Stratum corneum
- Outermost epidermal layer of flattened keratinized cells that continuously shed; exfoliants and moisturizers act mainly on this layer.
- Contraindication
- Condition that makes a service unsafe or inadvisable, such as active infection, an open lesion, sunburn or a recent chemical peel.
- Nail matrix
- Tissue beneath the eponychium where nail plate cells are produced; injury to it causes permanent nail deformity or ridges.
- Lunula
- Whitish half-moon at the base of the nail plate where the matrix shows through; its size varies and it is not a health indicator.
- Onychomycosis
- Fungal infection of the nail plate or bed causing thickening, discoloration and separation; cosmetologists must not treat it and should refer to a physician.
- Nail growth rate
- Fingernails grow about 0.1 mm per day, roughly one-eighth inch per month; toenails grow slower and growth speeds up in warm weather.
- Booth rental
- Independent contractor arrangement where a stylist pays fixed weekly rent for space and supplies their own tools, insurance and taxes.
- Safety Data Sheet
- Sixteen-section document from a product manufacturer listing chemical hazards, safe handling, first aid and spill response; kept accessible in the salon.
- Gross profit
- Revenue remaining after subtracting the direct cost of products and services sold, before rent, utilities and other overhead are deducted.
- Average ticket
- Total service and retail revenue divided by the number of clients served; a key measure of per-client spending in a salon.
- Wisconsin DSPS
- Department of Safety and Professional Services, the state agency that licenses and disciplines cosmetologists, barbers, aestheticians, manicurists, electrologists and salons.
- License display
- Requirement that a current license be displayed or readily available at the work location; practicing without a valid license is illegal.
- Scope of practice
- The services a license legally permits; a manicurist is limited to nails and an aesthetician to skin, for example.
- Unlicensed practice
- Performing cosmetology services for compensation without a valid license; subject to fines, cease-and-desist orders and denial of future licensure.
- GFCI outlet
- Ground fault circuit interrupter that cuts power when it senses current leakage; required near sinks and other water sources.
- Blood spill procedure
- Don gloves, stop the service, remove absorbent material, disinfect the area with an EPA-registered hospital disinfectant and seal waste in a bag.
- Hazard Communication
- OSHA rule requiring employers to label chemicals, keep safety data sheets and train employees on workplace chemical hazards.
- Ergonomics
- Adjusting chair height, client position and tool grip to keep wrists and back neutral and reduce repetitive strain injuries.