API 936 case studies
API 936 · Put your knowledge to work in context.
API 936 Refractory Personnel is an individual certification delivered through the American Petroleum Institute's Individual Certification Programs (ICP) family. It is aimed at people whose decisions affect the quality of refractory linings in refinery, petrochemical, and other high-temperature process equipment: refractory inspectors, installation supervisors, contractor quality-control staff, maintenance and reliability engineers, and the owner-operator personnel who review and accept their work. The exam samples five knowledge areas in roughly equal measure: refractory materials, properties, and selection; design and specification; installation, mixing, and curing practices; inspection, testing, and quality control; and dryout, repair, and maintenance of linings. Items are applied rather than purely recall-based, so candidates should be able to connect material selection and installation variables to lining performance, defect formation, and failure. The API 936 case studies are 5 cases and about 3,283 words.
1Erosion-Driven Failure in an FCC Cyclone Overhead Line
A 36-in.-ID overhead line downstream of a third-stage FCC cyclone operates at 1,320°F and carries catalyst fines at roughly 18 m/s. phosphate-bonded 60% alumina plastic lining has lost about 1/2 in.
712 words, about 4 min2Expansion Joint Layout in a Large Castable-Lined Duct
A rectangular flue-gas duct 14 ft wide by 9 ft high carries 1,600°F gas from a process heater to a stack. The carbon steel shell is lined with 5 in.
689 words, about 3 min3Low-Cement Castable Strength Loss During Cold-Weather Installation
In November, 8 tons of a 60% alumina low-cement castable are installed in a 12-ft-ID vessel. Ambient is 38°F, mix water is 45°F, and there is no heated enclosure.
640 words, about 3 min4Gunned Lining Density Dispute on a Regenerator
A 22-ft-ID FCC regenerator receives a 4-in. gunned 90% alumina lining.
620 words, about 3 min5Explosive Spalling During Initial Heat-Up of a Castable-Lined Reactor
A 9-ft-ID reactor is lined with 6 in. of 70% alumina low-cement castable, about 12 tons.
622 words, about 3 min