AR Landscape flashcards
AR Landscape · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Substantial completion
- Stage at which work is sufficiently complete for the owner's intended use; it starts warranty periods, allows reduced retainage, and transfers risk of loss to the owner.
- Change order
- Written instrument signed by the owner, contractor, and architect that modifies the contract sum or contract time after the work has been priced and agreed.
- Construction change directive
- Written order from the architect directing a change before owner and contractor agree on price or time; the architect sets a not-to-exceed amount for payment.
- Request for information
- Formal contractor question asking the design professional to clarify or interpret the drawings and specifications; the answer does not by itself change cost or time.
- Additive alternate
- Separately priced bid item that adds scope to the base bid; alternates are accepted in the order listed until the owner's budget is reached.
- Retainage
- Portion of each progress payment, usually 5 to 10 percent, withheld by the owner as security and released or reduced at substantial completion.
- Site observation
- Periodic architect visits to verify general conformance with the contract documents; observation excludes supervision, means-and-methods control, and continuous inspection of the contractor's work.
- Punch list
- Itemized record of incomplete or deficient work compiled at substantial completion; items must be corrected before final payment and certification of final completion.
- Contour interval
- Vertical distance between adjacent contour lines, such as two feet; closer spacing means steeper ground and wider spacing means flatter ground.
- Hachured contour
- Contour line drawn with short tick marks pointing downhill toward lower elevation, used to show a depression such as a pond or sinkhole.
- Percent slope
- Rise divided by run, multiplied by one hundred; a three-foot drop over sixty feet equals five percent slope on the ground.
- Hydric soils
- Soils formed under saturated, oxygen-poor conditions, shown by gray colors and mottling; their presence indicates wetlands and usually triggers regulatory permits.
- DBH
- Diameter at breast height, measured four and a half feet above grade, typically on the uphill side; the standard measurement for sizing and protecting trees.
- Public Land Survey System
- Federal grid dividing land into six-mile townships containing thirty-six one-mile sections of 640 acres each; the basis for many legal parcel descriptions.
- Flood Zone AE
- FEMA-designated area with a one percent annual chance of flooding and a published base flood elevation; building there requires permits and elevation certificates.
- Floor area ratio
- Gross building floor area divided by lot area; a zoning measure of building bulk used together with setbacks, height limits, and lot coverage.
- Prospect and refuge
- Environmental preference theory: people favor settings that offer broad outward views, prospect, while providing a sense of shelter or concealment, refuge.
- CPTED
- Crime prevention through environmental design: natural surveillance, natural access control, territorial reinforcement, and maintenance used to reduce opportunities for crime and fear.
- Hydrozone
- Group of plants with similar water needs irrigated as one unit; hydrozoning improves irrigation efficiency and allows low-water zones to be shut off separately.
- Design development
- Phase after schematic design in which the concept is refined, materials and dimensions are fixed, and the estimate is checked before construction documents begin.
- Accessible route
- Continuous unobstructed path with thirty-six inch minimum clear width, running slope no steeper than 1:20, cross slope no steeper than 1:48, and firm stable surface.
- Van-accessible space
- Parking stall eleven feet wide, or eight feet wide with an eight-foot access aisle; at least one in six accessible spaces must be van accessible.
- Defensible space Zone 1
- The five-to-thirty-foot band around a building where plants are kept low, spaced, and irrigated to break up wildfire fuel continuity.
- Massing
- Grouping plants of one species in bold drifts or blocks so they read as a single design element instead of isolated specimens.
- Spot elevation
- Point marked with an exact elevation at a grade break, inlet, corner, or tree; used where contours cannot fully describe the intended surface.
- Rational method
- Peak runoff formula Q equals CiA, where C is a runoff coefficient, i is rainfall intensity in inches per hour, and A is area in acres.
- Cut and fill balance
- Grading in which excavated volume equals placed volume, avoiding hauling and import costs; volumes computed by average end area or contour methods.
- Swale
- Broad shallow vegetated channel used to convey and infiltrate stormwater, typically with one to two percent longitudinal slope and side slopes of 3:1 or flatter.
- Weep hole
- Small opening in a retaining wall that drains water collected in gravel backfill, relieving hydrostatic pressure that would otherwise overturn or crack the wall.
- MasterFormat Division 32
- CSI specification division for exterior improvements, including paving, site furnishings, planting, irrigation, and other landscape work.
- Three-part specification
- Standard CSI section format: Part 1 General covers submittals and quality assurance, Part 2 Products covers materials, and Part 3 Execution covers installation.
- Detention basin
- Facility that temporarily stores stormwater and releases it slowly at a controlled rate to reduce downstream peak flow; a retention basin instead holds a permanent pool.