Codes, Standards, and Regulations
The framework
Cross-connection control is governed by a layered system: plumbing codes, the Safe Drinking Water Act and its amendments, EPA guidance, and consensus standards such as those from ASSE, AWWA, and USC FCCCHR. Local health departments and water purveyors often impose stricter requirements than the model codes. The exam expects you to know that the stricter rule governs when requirements conflict.
Standards you should recognize
- ASSE 1001: atmospheric vacuum breakers.
- ASSE 1011: hose bibb vacuum breakers.
- ASSE 1012: backflow preventers with intermediate atmospheric vent.
- ASSE 1013: reduced-pressure principle assemblies.
- ASSE 1015: double check assemblies.
- ASSE 1020: pressure vacuum breakers.
- ASSE 1024: dual check backflow preventers (non-testable).
- ASSE 1047: spill-resistant vacuum breakers.
- ASSE 1055: chemical dispensing (faucet) vacuum breakers.
- ASSE 1061: push-fit backflow preventers.
- ASSE 5110/5120: testing and repair credentials.
Regulatory concepts
A water purveyor may require containment protection at the meter and may also require isolation protection at each hazard. Premises isolation (containment) protects the main; internal isolation protects building occupants. Annual testing is typically mandated by the purveyor or health authority, not by the standard itself.
Traps
- Assuming a model plumbing code overrides a stricter local ordinance.
- Confusing containment with internal isolation.
- Believing a device listed to a standard is automatically approved everywhere; listing is not approval.
- Forgetting that non-testable devices still require inspection and replacement intervals.
Rule of thumb
Standard tells you what the device is; code tells you where it may be used; the authority having jurisdiction tells you what it requires. When they conflict, the stricter requirement wins.
Worked example
A city ordinance requires containment at every meter and annual testing of RPs. A building with only a DC at the meter fails inspection because the ordinance requires an RP for the containment point.