HSC Armenian Continuers key terms

A structured conversation in which one person asks another questions to gather information, opinions, or personal background for a report, broadcast, or assessment task.

An informal spoken exchange between two or more people on a topic, used in oral tasks to show fluency, turn-taking, and the ability to keep a conversation going.

A spoken or written exchange in which participants present differing views on an issue and respond to each other's points, often required in the oral and writing tasks.

A personal view or judgment about something, usually introduced with phrases such as 'in my opinion' when giving a response in speaking or writing.

To cause someone to accept a viewpoint or take an action by giving reasons and evidence, a key function in persuasive writing and discussion tasks.

A reason or set of reasons offered to support a position, often expected in argumentative writing where claims need backing with evidence and examples.

A specific case or instance used to illustrate or support a general statement, commonly required when developing ideas in written responses.

Something known to be true or verified, as opposed to opinion; distinguishing fact from opinion is a frequent reading comprehension demand.

Pieces of knowledge or news about events, people, or situations, often the target of listening and reading questions asking for specific details.

A broadcast report or news item delivered on radio or television; listening tasks often ask candidates to identify its topic, speaker, and main points.

A public or formal announcement giving information or instructions, frequently used as a listening text where key details must be extracted.

A short official notice informing people about a change, rule, or event, often read in notices and forms where precise details matter.

A printed or digital form with labelled fields to be completed, appearing in reading tasks and requiring understanding of headings and instructions.

To complete or fill in something such as a form, gap, or blank, a common instruction verb in reading and writing exercises.

To pick one option from several, the action required by multiple-choice questions and by tasks asking for the best title or correct summary.

To match or pair items correctly, such as linking headings to paragraphs or speakers to statements, a frequent reading and listening task instruction.

The title of a text, article, or section, used to predict content before reading and to identify main ideas in comprehension questions.

The central point a text or recording conveys, distinct from supporting details, and a standard target of summary and gist questions.

A brief restatement of the main points of a text or talk in the writer's own words, often set as a writing or reading task.

A concluding judgment drawn from evidence or reasoning, expected at the end of essays and sometimes asked for after reading a passage.

The reason a speaker or writer produces a text, such as to inform, persuade, or entertain; identifying it is a common comprehension question.

The intended reader or listener of a text, whose identity shapes tone and vocabulary and is sometimes asked about in reading tasks.

The manner of expression characteristic of a text, ranging from formal to informal, which candidates must adjust when writing for different audiences.

Formal in register, suitable for letters to institutions, applications, and reports, marked by respectful address and complete sentence structures.

A formal written request, such as an application for a course or position, requiring a set structure, polite register, and clear statement of purpose.

A written message addressed to a person or organisation, with formal and informal types distinguished by greeting, register, and closing formula.

An extended piece of writing setting out ideas on a topic in organised paragraphs, typically with introduction, body, and conclusion.

A group of sentences developing one idea, separated from others by spacing or indentation and essential for clear structure in extended writing.

A linking word or phrase that connects ideas and sentences, such as however or therefore, helping written and spoken text flow coherently.

The system of rules governing word forms and sentence structure in a language, assessed indirectly through accuracy in all productive tasks.

The accepted way of spelling words correctly, judged in written responses where errors affect the accuracy mark.

The use of punctuation marks to clarify meaning and structure in writing, assessed as part of written accuracy and clarity.

A grammatical case of a noun or pronoun showing its role in the sentence, such as subject, object, or possessor, marked by endings.

The plural grammatical number, formed with specific endings in Armenian, whose correct use is part of written and spoken accuracy.

A word expressing an action or state, carrying tense, person, and number information that must agree with the subject in a sentence.

The grammatical category marking when an action occurs, such as past, present, or future, expressed through verb forms and time expressions.

The emphasis placed on a syllable or word in speech, affecting pronunciation and intelligibility in the oral conversation task.

The way words are pronounced, including sounds and stress, judged in oral tasks where clarity and accuracy of speech are assessed.

The rise and fall of the voice in speech that conveys meaning, attitude, or sentence type, important for natural-sounding oral responses.

The range of words a learner knows and can use, developed across all four skills and reflected in the variety of language produced.

A word with a meaning close or identical to another, useful for paraphrasing in summaries and for answering vocabulary questions.

A word expressing the opposite meaning of another, often tested in vocabulary exercises and helpful for expressing contrast in writing.