HSC Health and Movement Science flashcards
HSC Health and Movement Science · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Health
- A resource for everyday life emphasising social and personal resources and physical capacity, not simply the absence of disease or infirmity.
- Incidence
- The number of new cases of a condition arising in a defined population during a specified period, divided by the population at risk.
- Prevalence
- The total number of existing cases of a condition in a population at a given time, expressed as a proportion or rate.
- Infant mortality rate
- Deaths of infants under one year of age in a period divided by the number of live births in that period, multiplied by one thousand.
- Social determinants
- Conditions of birth, growth, living, working and ageing, including income, education, housing and employment, that shape health outcomes.
- Ottawa Charter
- A health promotion framework outlining five action areas, including building healthy public policy and creating supportive environments, to enable health for all.
- Health promotion
- The process of enabling people to increase control over and improve their health, targeting whole populations and underlying determinants.
- Medicare
- Australia's universal health scheme providing access to public hospital treatment free of charge and subsidised medical services through rebates.
- Synovial joint
- A freely movable joint with a cartilage-lined cavity containing synovial fluid, allowing movements such as flexion, extension and rotation.
- Isotonic contraction
- A muscle contraction in which tension is generated while muscle length changes, either shortening concentrically or lengthening eccentrically.
- Isometric contraction
- A muscle contraction that generates tension without any change in muscle length, such as holding a static plank position.
- Antagonist
- The muscle that opposes the action of the agonist, relaxing and lengthening to allow the prime mover to produce movement.
- Sliding filament theory
- Explanation of contraction in which myosin heads bind actin and pull the filaments past each other, shortening sarcomeres without filaments changing length.
- Slow-twitch fibres
- Type I muscle fibres with high aerobic capacity and resistance to fatigue, suited to endurance activities such as distance running.
- Fast-twitch fibres
- Type II muscle fibres generating high force rapidly but fatiguing quickly, suited to sprinting, jumping and throwing activities.
- Newton's second law
- A body's acceleration is directly proportional to the net force applied and inversely proportional to its mass, expressed as force equals mass times acceleration.
- Centre of gravity
- The point where the body's total weight is considered concentrated; lowering it and placing it over the base increases stability.
- Third-class lever
- A lever arrangement where effort lies between fulcrum and load, the most common type in the human body, favouring speed over force.
- Sedentary behaviour
- Prolonged sitting or low-energy activity such as screen use, which increases health risk independently of meeting activity guidelines.
- Physical activity guidelines
- Recommended activity levels for health; adolescents should accumulate at least sixty minutes of moderate-to-vigorous activity daily.
- Social benefits of movement
- Outcomes of participation including teamwork, communication, social connectedness and reduced isolation, arising from group and club-based activity.
- Barrier to participation
- A factor limiting involvement in physical activity, such as cost, time, transport, access, safety or low confidence.
- Accelerometer
- A device worn on the body that objectively measures movement frequency and intensity, providing more reliable activity data than self-report.
- Warm-up
- Preliminary low-intensity activity and stretching that raises muscle temperature and prepares joints, reducing injury risk before exercise.
- FITT principle
- A framework for designing activity programs based on frequency, intensity, time and type of exercise to achieve health or fitness goals.
- Progressive overload
- Gradually increasing training demand, such as load, duration or intensity, so the body continues to adapt and improve.
- Specificity
- The principle that training adaptations are specific to the type of exercise performed, so programs must match the desired outcome.
- Reversibility
- The principle that fitness gains are lost when training stops, with detraining reducing performance within weeks of inactivity.
- Cardiorespiratory endurance
- The ability of the heart, lungs and blood vessels to supply oxygen to working muscles during sustained activity.
- Rating of perceived exertion
- A subjective scale on which a participant rates exercise effort, commonly used to monitor and adjust training intensity.
- Talk test
- An informal intensity check where the ability to hold a conversation indicates moderate intensity and inability indicates vigorous intensity.
- Energy balance
- The relationship between energy consumed in food and energy expended through metabolism and activity; imbalance over time changes body mass.