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HSC Health and Movement Science study materials
HSC Health and Movement Science study resources

HSC Health and Movement Science practice questions

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Question 1Health and Movement Science: Core 1 - Health for Individuals and Communities

Which model of health describes health as a continuum influenced by biological, psychological and social factors rather than simply the absence of disease?

  1. The curative model
  2. The germ theory model
  3. The biomedical model
  4. The biopsychosocial model Correct answer.

Explanation

The biopsychosocial model treats health as the product of interacting biological, psychological and social influences, so wellbeing can vary along a continuum. The biomedical model instead defines health narrowly as the absence of disease and focuses on diagnosis and treatment of physical pathology.

Question 2Health and Movement Science: Core 1 - Health for Individuals and Communities

According to the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion, which action area involves creating supportive environments?

  1. Strengthening community action
  2. Reorienting health services
  3. Creating supportive environments Correct answer.
  4. Building healthy public policy

Explanation

The Ottawa Charter lists five action areas, one of which is creating supportive environments where people live, work and play. This recognises that living and working conditions strongly shape health outcomes and should be made health-enhancing.

Question 3Health and Movement Science: Core 1 - Health for Individuals and Communities

A public health campaign that provides free sunscreen at beaches and shade structures at local parks is best described as which type of prevention?

  1. Primary prevention Correct answer.
  2. Secondary prevention
  3. Tertiary prevention
  4. Quaternary prevention

Explanation

Primary prevention acts before disease or injury occurs, reducing risk in the whole population. Providing sunscreen and shade lowers exposure to ultraviolet radiation before any skin damage develops, so it is primary prevention.

Question 4Health and Movement Science: Core 1 - Health for Individuals and Communities

Which term describes the number of new cases of a disease arising in a population over a specified period?

  1. Incidence Correct answer.
  2. Morbidity
  3. Prevalence
  4. Mortality

Explanation

Incidence counts new cases appearing during a defined time period, which makes it useful for tracking the rate at which disease is developing. Prevalence instead measures all existing cases at a point or over a period, regardless of when they began.

Question 5Health and Movement Science: Core 1 - Health for Individuals and Communities

Which group of Australians typically experiences poorer health outcomes due to factors such as lower income, insecure housing and reduced access to services?

  1. People living in inner-city apartments
  2. People in full-time professional employment
  3. People living in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas Correct answer.
  4. People with private health insurance

Explanation

Socioeconomic disadvantage is strongly associated with poorer health because income, housing security and service access shape exposure to risk and capacity to seek care. These differences are described as health inequities because they are avoidable and unfair.

Question 6Health and Movement Science: Core 1 - Health for Individuals and Communities

Which of the following is a behavioural determinant of health?

  1. Availability of a local hospital
  2. Air pollution in a suburb
  3. Regular physical activity Correct answer.
  4. Genetic predisposition to diabetes

Explanation

Behavioural determinants are actions and habits individuals can modify, such as physical activity, diet and smoking. Regular physical activity therefore belongs to this category because it reflects personal health behaviour.

Question 7Health and Movement Science: Core 1 - Health for Individuals and Communities

Which statement best distinguishes equity from equality in health?

  1. Equality means removing all health differences between groups
  2. Equity means allocating resources according to need so everyone can reach similar health outcomes Correct answer.
  3. Equity means giving everyone identical resources regardless of need
  4. Equality means treating disadvantaged groups more favourably than others

Explanation

Equity recognises that people start from different circumstances, so resources are distributed according to need to create fair opportunities for health. Equality instead means identical treatment or resources, which can preserve existing disadvantage.

Question 8Health and Movement Science: Core 1 - Health for Individuals and Communities

Which of the following best defines social justice in the context of health?

  1. Fair distribution of resources and opportunities so all people can achieve good health Correct answer.
  2. Maximising the total profit of health care providers
  3. Ensuring everyone receives exactly the same health services
  4. Prioritising treatment of people who can pay for care

Explanation

Social justice in health concerns fairness in the distribution of resources, opportunities and power so that everyone has a reasonable chance of good health. It addresses structural disadvantage rather than treating everyone identically.

Question 9Health and Movement Science: Core 1 - Health for Individuals and Communities

A health promotion program uses community meetings so residents can identify their own priorities and design local solutions. Which Ottawa Charter action area does this best illustrate?

  1. Developing personal skills
  2. Building healthy public policy
  3. Reorienting health services
  4. Strengthening community action Correct answer.

Explanation

Strengthening community action involves communities setting priorities, making decisions and implementing strategies to improve their own health. Residents designing local solutions directly reflects this empowerment approach.

Question 10Health and Movement Science: Core 1 - Health for Individuals and Communities

A screening program offers free blood glucose testing to adults with a family history of type 2 diabetes. This program is best classified as which level of prevention?

  1. Primary prevention
  2. Secondary prevention Correct answer.
  3. Tertiary prevention
  4. Primordial prevention

Explanation

Secondary prevention aims to detect disease early in people at risk so that treatment can begin before complications develop. Screening at-risk adults for elevated blood glucose fits this definition because it seeks early identification.

Question 11Health and Movement Science: Core 1 - Health for Individuals and Communities

In a town of 20 000 people, 400 new cases of a condition are diagnosed in one year. What is the incidence rate per 1000 people?

  1. 20 per 1000 Correct answer.
  2. 2 per 1000
  3. 5 per 1000
  4. 40 per 1000

Explanation

Incidence per 1000 is calculated by dividing new cases by the population and multiplying by 1000. Here 400 divided by 20 000 equals 0.02, and multiplying by 1000 gives 20 new cases per 1000 people.

Question 12Health and Movement Science: Core 1 - Health for Individuals and Communities

Which example best illustrates a health inequity rather than a natural health difference?

  1. Children experiencing more common colds than adults
  2. Men and women having different average heights
  3. Older adults having lower average bone density
  4. Life expectancy gaps between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians Correct answer.

Explanation

A health inequity is an avoidable and unfair difference arising from social conditions and structural disadvantage. The life expectancy gap between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians reflects historical and ongoing disadvantage, making it inequitable.

Question 13Health and Movement Science: Core 1 - Health for Individuals and Communities

A government funds free school breakfast programs in low-income areas. Which determinant of health is being addressed most directly?

  1. Sociocultural factors Correct answer.
  2. Biological factors
  3. Environmental factors
  4. Genetic factors

Explanation

Sociocultural determinants include income, education, family circumstances and social support, all of which shape access to nutritious food. Funding breakfast programs in low-income areas directly targets socioeconomic disadvantage affecting diet.

Question 14Health and Movement Science: Core 1 - Health for Individuals and Communities

Which statement about the relationship between the biomedical and social models of health is most accurate?

  1. The two models are identical in their assumptions about health
  2. The social model rejects any role for medical treatment in health
  3. The biomedical model accounts for income and education as causes of disease
  4. The social model emphasises social conditions while accepting that medical care contributes to health Correct answer.

Explanation

The social model highlights how income, education, housing and social conditions shape health, but it does not deny that medical care matters. It broadens the biomedical focus rather than replacing it entirely.

Question 15Health and Movement Science: Core 1 - Health for Individuals and Communities

A community has high rates of obesity and limited access to affordable fresh food. Which strategy best reflects a settings-based approach to health promotion?

  1. Publishing a website listing the health risks of obesity
  2. Funding gastric surgery for people with severe obesity
  3. Working through local schools and workplaces to improve food available on site Correct answer.
  4. Providing individual diet counselling to people who request it

Explanation

A settings-based approach acts within everyday environments such as schools, workplaces and neighbourhoods to make healthy choices easier. Changing food available in schools and workplaces alters the setting itself rather than targeting individuals one at a time.

Question 16Health and Movement Science: Core 1 - Health for Individuals and Communities

Which combination best represents the three levels of prevention in order from earliest to latest?

  1. Primary, secondary, tertiary Correct answer.
  2. Secondary, primary, tertiary
  3. Tertiary, secondary, primary
  4. Primary, tertiary, secondary

Explanation

Prevention is commonly ordered from actions before disease occurs, to early detection, to management of established disease. That sequence is primary, then secondary, then tertiary prevention.

Question 17Health and Movement Science: Core 1 - Health for Individuals and Communities

Which of the following best explains why prevalence may be high even when incidence is low?

  1. The population is very small
  2. New cases are being prevented effectively
  3. People with the condition recover very quickly
  4. People with the condition survive for a long time Correct answer.

Explanation

Prevalence reflects both how many people develop a condition and how long they live with it. If people survive with a chronic condition for many years, existing cases accumulate and prevalence stays high even when new cases are few.

Question 18Health and Movement Science: Core 1 - Health for Individuals and Communities

A health program is described as using an empowerment approach. Which feature would be most consistent with this description?

  1. The program measures success only by attendance numbers
  2. The program focuses only on individual behaviour change messages
  3. Experts decide the priorities and inform the community of the plan
  4. Community members identify needs and lead the design of the response Correct answer.

Explanation

Empowerment approaches give communities control over decisions that affect their health, building capacity and self-determination. Community members identifying needs and leading the response is the clearest example of this principle.

Question 19Health and Movement Science: Core 1 - Health for Individuals and Communities

Which statement best explains the concept of the social gradient in health?

  1. Health is uniformly poor across all income levels
  2. Health improves step by step as socioeconomic position rises Correct answer.
  3. Only the very poorest people experience poorer health
  4. Health status is unrelated to income once age is considered

Explanation

The social gradient shows that health improves progressively with each step up the socioeconomic scale, not only at the extremes. This means middle-income groups also experience worse health than those above them.

Question 20Health and Movement Science: Core 1 - Health for Individuals and Communities

A council introduces a policy requiring all new housing developments to include walking paths and cycleways. Which Ottawa Charter action area is most directly represented?

  1. Reorienting health services
  2. Developing personal skills
  3. Strengthening community action
  4. Building healthy public policy Correct answer.

Explanation

Building healthy public policy involves legislation and planning decisions that make healthy choices easier across the population. A council requirement for walking paths and cycleways is a policy instrument shaping the built environment.

Question 21Health and Movement Science: Core 1 - Health for Individuals and Communities

Which of the following best explains why health promotion programs often combine education with environmental change?

  1. Environmental change removes the need for individual knowledge
  2. Education builds capability while environmental change makes healthy choices feasible Correct answer.
  3. Education alone always changes behaviour regardless of circumstances
  4. Combining strategies increases the cost of the program

Explanation

Education can build knowledge and skills, but people also need environments and resources that make healthy choices practical. Combining both addresses individual capability and structural barriers at the same time.

Question 22Health and Movement Science: Core 1 - Health for Individuals and Communities

Which statement about the relationship between mortality and morbidity data in describing population health is most accurate?

  1. Mortality and morbidity measure exactly the same thing
  2. Morbidity data capture illness and disability that mortality data may miss Correct answer.
  3. Morbidity data count only deaths from infectious disease
  4. Mortality data alone fully describe the burden of chronic illness

Explanation

Mortality counts deaths, whereas morbidity captures illness, injury and disability among living people. Chronic conditions that rarely cause death but reduce quality of life are visible in morbidity data but not in mortality figures.

Question 23Health and Movement Science: Core 1 - Health for Individuals and Communities

A region introduces a tax on sugary drinks and simultaneously funds a community nutrition education program. Which analysis of this approach is most sound?

  1. It is an example of tertiary prevention only
  2. It is ineffective because taxation cannot influence consumption
  3. It combines a structural measure with an educational measure to influence both availability and capability Correct answer.
  4. It addresses only individual behaviour and ignores the environment

Explanation

The tax is a structural measure that changes price and availability, while education builds knowledge and skills. Together they act on both environmental and individual determinants, which is generally more effective than either alone.

Question 24Health and Movement Science: Core 1 - Health for Individuals and Communities

Which explanation best accounts for why the social gradient persists even in countries with universal health care?

  1. Social determinants such as income, education and employment continue to shape health across the lifespan Correct answer.
  2. Only the quality of hospitals determines population health
  3. Universal health care removes all differences in health outcomes
  4. Genetic differences fully explain health differences between income groups

Explanation

Universal health care improves access to services but does not equalise the living and working conditions that generate health differences. Income, education, employment and housing continue to influence exposure to risk and capacity to act on health advice.

Question 25Health and Movement Science: Core 1 - Health for Individuals and Communities

A health agency evaluates a program that improved knowledge about nutrition but did not change dietary intake. Which interpretation is most defensible?

  1. Knowledge improved, but unaddressed barriers such as cost or access may have prevented behaviour change Correct answer.
  2. The program failed entirely and should be abandoned
  3. The evaluation method must be flawed because knowledge always changes behaviour
  4. Dietary intake is unrelated to nutrition knowledge in all circumstances

Explanation

Improved knowledge without behaviour change suggests that other determinants, such as cost, availability or social norms, were not addressed. A sound evaluation distinguishes changes in intermediate outcomes from changes in health behaviour and identifies remaining barriers.

Question 26Health and Movement Science: Core 1 - Health for Individuals and Communities

Which of the following is an example of a protective factor for health?

  1. Low household income
  2. Living in a crowded dwelling
  3. A strong family support network Correct answer.
  4. Chronic exposure to second-hand smoke

Explanation

Protective factors are conditions that increase the likelihood of positive health outcomes and buffer against risk. A supportive family network strengthens resilience and emotional wellbeing, so it functions as a protective factor rather than a risk factor.

Question 27Health and Movement Science: Core 1 - Health for Individuals and Communities

Which of the following is an example of a health risk factor?

  1. Inadequate sleep over a long period Correct answer.
  2. Regular physical activity
  3. Access to clean drinking water
  4. Strong social connections

Explanation

Risk factors are conditions or behaviours that raise the probability of poor health outcomes. Persistent inadequate sleep is associated with impaired immunity, poor mental health and metabolic problems, making it a risk factor.

Question 28Health and Movement Science: Core 1 - Health for Individuals and Communities

Which of the following best describes a health inequity rather than a natural health difference?

  1. Older adults have more chronic conditions than teenagers
  2. People with lighter skin burn more easily in the sun
  3. Men and women differ in average height
  4. Rural residents die younger because of poorer access to services Correct answer.

Explanation

A health inequity is an avoidable and unfair difference in health status that arises from social conditions. Reduced life expectancy caused by unequal access to health services is avoidable and unjust, so it is an inequity rather than a natural biological difference.

Question 29Health and Movement Science: Core 1 - Health for Individuals and Communities

Which of the following is an example of a health promotion approach that uses the settings-based model?

  1. An ambulance service responding to cardiac arrests
  2. A hospital emergency department treating acute injuries
  3. A pharmacy dispensing prescription medicines
  4. A workplace offering healthy canteen options and activity breaks Correct answer.

Explanation

The settings-based approach creates health-supportive environments in places where people live, work and learn. A workplace that changes food options and encourages activity is a classic example of using a setting to promote health.

Question 30Health and Movement Science: Core 1 - Health for Individuals and Communities

Which of the following best defines epidemiology?

  1. The study of how individual cells divide
  2. The study of how hospitals are managed
  3. The study of how medicines are manufactured
  4. The study of how diseases are distributed and why in populations Correct answer.

Explanation

Epidemiology examines the distribution and determinants of health-related states in populations. It is used to identify patterns, causes and risk factors so that health interventions can be targeted effectively.

Question 31Health and Movement Science: Core 1 - Health for Individuals and Communities

Which of the following is an example of secondary prevention?

  1. A screening program that detects early-stage disease Correct answer.
  2. Rehabilitation after a stroke
  3. A vaccination program for school children
  4. A public campaign promoting helmet use

Explanation

Secondary prevention aims to detect disease early, before symptoms appear, so treatment can begin sooner. Screening programs identify early-stage disease and are a standard example of secondary prevention.

Question 32Health and Movement Science: Core 1 - Health for Individuals and Communities

Which of the following best describes the social model of health?

  1. It considers social, economic and environmental factors influencing health Correct answer.
  2. It measures health only through clinical tests
  3. It focuses only on biological causes of disease
  4. It relies only on medical treatment for illness

Explanation

The social model of health recognises that health is shaped by broad social, economic and environmental conditions rather than biology alone. It explains why factors such as income, education and housing influence health outcomes.

Question 33Health and Movement Science: Core 1 - Health for Individuals and Communities

Which of the following is an example of a health promotion action area from the Ottawa Charter?

  1. Reducing the cost of prescription medicines
  2. Building healthy public policy Correct answer.
  3. Increasing hospital bed numbers
  4. Expanding emergency transport services

Explanation

The Ottawa Charter identifies five action areas, including building healthy public policy, creating supportive environments, strengthening community action, developing personal skills and reorienting health services. Building healthy public policy is one of these recognised action areas.

Question 34Health and Movement Science: Core 1 - Health for Individuals and Communities

A community has high rates of type 2 diabetes and low levels of physical activity. A program builds new walking trails and also runs cooking classes. Which health promotion approach does this best illustrate?

  1. A combination of environmental change and skill development Correct answer.
  2. A purely biomedical approach
  3. A screening-only approach
  4. A tertiary rehabilitation approach

Explanation

The program changes the physical environment by adding walking trails and develops personal skills through cooking classes. Combining environmental supports with education reflects a multidimensional health promotion approach rather than a single strategy.

Question 35Health and Movement Science: Core 1 - Health for Individuals and Communities

A local council wants to reduce smoking rates. It bans smoking in public parks and funds a quit-support phone line. Which analysis is most accurate?

  1. Both actions are primary prevention only
  2. The ban is an environmental strategy and the quit line is a support service Correct answer.
  3. The ban treats existing disease and the quit line prevents disease
  4. Both actions are tertiary prevention

Explanation

The smoking ban changes the environment to discourage smoking and protect non-smokers, while the quit line provides direct support to people who want to stop. Together they represent complementary strategies rather than a single level of prevention.

Question 36Health and Movement Science: Core 1 - Health for Individuals and Communities

In a population of 50 000 people, there are 1 200 existing cases of asthma at the start of the year and 300 new cases during the year. Which statement is correct?

  1. The prevalence is 6 per 1000 and incidence is 24 per 1000
  2. The incidence is 24 per 1000 and prevalence is lower than incidence
  3. The incidence and prevalence are both 6 per 1000
  4. The incidence is 6 per 1000 and prevalence is higher than incidence Correct answer.

Explanation

Incidence measures new cases over a period, so 300 new cases in 50 000 people equals 6 per 1000 per year. Prevalence counts all existing cases, so it is higher than incidence in this population because 1 200 existing cases are also present.

Question 37Health and Movement Science: Core 1 - Health for Individuals and Communities

A health worker notices that smoking rates are much higher among people with lower levels of education. Which explanation best fits a social determinants perspective?

  1. Higher education causes people to smoke less because of biology
  2. Smoking rates are determined only by genetics
  3. Lower education may be linked to stress, lower income and targeted marketing Correct answer.
  4. Smoking is purely a matter of individual choice with no social influence

Explanation

A social determinants perspective explains health behaviours through the conditions in which people live, learn and work. Lower education can be associated with financial stress, reduced health literacy and greater exposure to tobacco marketing, which together shape smoking rates.

Question 38Health and Movement Science: Core 1 - Health for Individuals and Communities

A program aims to improve mental health among young people by training peer leaders to run wellbeing workshops. Which feature best describes this approach?

  1. Peer-led skill development that strengthens community capacity Correct answer.
  2. A clinical treatment program delivered by psychiatrists
  3. A tertiary rehabilitation service
  4. A hospital-based screening program

Explanation

Training peer leaders to run workshops develops personal skills and builds the capacity of the community to support its own members. This reflects the health promotion principles of participation and empowerment rather than clinical treatment.

Question 39Health and Movement Science: Core 1 - Health for Individuals and Communities

Which of the following best explains why the social gradient in health exists?

  1. Health status is random across all social groups
  2. People with more resources can better avoid risk and access care Correct answer.
  3. Health is determined only by genetic inheritance
  4. Only lifestyle choices affect health outcomes

Explanation

The social gradient describes the stepwise relationship between socioeconomic position and health. People with more resources can access better housing, nutrition, education and health care, and are less exposed to stressors, which helps explain the gradient.

Question 40Health and Movement Science: Core 1 - Health for Individuals and Communities

A community group wants to reduce alcohol-related harm. It lobbies for stricter trading hours and also runs information sessions for parents. Which combination of Ottawa Charter action areas does this best represent?

  1. Strengthening community action only
  2. Reorienting health services and creating supportive environments
  3. Developing personal skills only
  4. Building healthy public policy and developing personal skills Correct answer.

Explanation

Lobbying for stricter trading hours aims to change policy, while parent information sessions develop personal skills. Together these reflect two distinct Ottawa Charter action areas working in combination.

Question 41Health and Movement Science: Core 1 - Health for Individuals and Communities

Which of the following is the best example of a health inequity caused by an environmental determinant?

  1. People with fair skin are more likely to sunburn
  2. People in cold climates wear warmer clothing
  3. People living near a busy industrial site have higher rates of asthma Correct answer.
  4. Older people have more wrinkles than younger people

Explanation

An environmental determinant is a physical or built condition that affects health. Living near an industrial site exposes residents to air pollution, and the resulting higher asthma rates reflect an avoidable and unfair environmental disadvantage.

Question 42Health and Movement Science: Core 1 - Health for Individuals and Communities

A health service notices that people in a remote area travel long distances to see a doctor. Which strategy best addresses this inequity?

  1. Providing outreach clinics and telehealth services in the remote area Correct answer.
  2. Reducing public transport to the city
  3. Increasing the number of hospital beds in the city
  4. Raising the cost of city appointments

Explanation

The inequity stems from geographic distance and limited access to services. Outreach clinics and telehealth reduce the travel burden and improve access for people in the remote area, which directly targets the cause of the inequity.

Question 43Health and Movement Science: Core 1 - Health for Individuals and Communities

Which statement best describes the relationship between health literacy and health outcomes?

  1. Health literacy only matters for doctors
  2. Lower health literacy always results in immediate illness
  3. Health literacy has no effect on how people use health services
  4. Higher health literacy is associated with better ability to manage health and follow advice Correct answer.

Explanation

Health literacy is the ability to obtain, understand and use health information to make decisions. People with higher health literacy are generally better able to navigate services, follow treatment advice and manage their own health.

Question 44Health and Movement Science: Core 1 - Health for Individuals and Communities

A government introduces a subsidy that lowers the cost of fresh fruit and vegetables in low-income neighbourhoods. Which determinant of health is being addressed most directly?

  1. Genetic determinant
  2. Economic determinant Correct answer.
  3. Cultural determinant
  4. Biological determinant

Explanation

The subsidy changes the affordability of healthy food, which is an economic factor influencing dietary choices. Economic determinants include income and the cost of goods and services that shape health behaviours.

Question 45Health and Movement Science: Core 1 - Health for Individuals and Communities

A program reports that participants' knowledge about sun safety improved, but their sun-protective behaviour did not change. Which evaluation finding does this best illustrate?

  1. The program was ineffective at every level
  2. The program reduced the incidence of skin cancer
  3. The program improved awareness but not behaviour Correct answer.
  4. The program changed the physical environment

Explanation

Evaluation can measure different outcomes, including knowledge, attitudes and behaviour. A gain in knowledge without a corresponding change in behaviour shows that awareness improved while the behavioural outcome did not.

Question 46Health and Movement Science: Core 1 - Health for Individuals and Communities

A health agency wants to decide whether a new program is worth continuing. Which information would be most useful for this decision?

  1. The colour scheme of the promotional materials
  2. Data on health outcomes, reach and cost compared with alternatives Correct answer.
  3. Only the opinions of senior managers
  4. Only the number of staff employed

Explanation

Decisions about continuing a program should draw on evaluation evidence about effectiveness, reach and cost. Comparing these outcomes with alternatives allows the agency to judge whether the program delivers good value.

Question 47Health and Movement Science: Core 1 - Health for Individuals and Communities

Which statement best explains why universal health care alone does not eliminate health inequities?

  1. Universal care removes all cost barriers, so inequities disappear
  2. Social factors such as income, housing and education continue to shape health Correct answer.
  3. Universal care is only available to wealthy people
  4. Health inequities are caused only by hospital waiting times

Explanation

Universal health care reduces financial barriers to treatment, but health is also shaped by broader social conditions. Differences in income, housing, education and employment continue to produce inequities even when services are free at the point of use.

Question 48Health and Movement Science: Core 1 - Health for Individuals and Communities

A government combines a tax on sugary drinks with funding for community sport. Which analysis best explains why this combined approach may be more effective than either measure alone?

  1. It relies only on individual willpower
  2. It guarantees that obesity rates will fall immediately
  3. It targets both the price of unhealthy products and opportunities for activity Correct answer.
  4. It removes the need for health education

Explanation

The tax raises the relative cost of unhealthy drinks, while the sport funding expands opportunities for physical activity. Addressing both a price signal and an environmental opportunity is likely to be more effective than a single measure because health behaviour is shaped by multiple factors.

Question 49Health and Movement Science: Core 1 - Health for Individuals and Communities

Two communities have the same incidence of a chronic disease, but one has much higher prevalence. Which explanation is most plausible?

  1. The disease is not chronic in either community
  2. Incidence and prevalence are always equal
  3. People in the high-prevalence community live longer with the disease Correct answer.
  4. People in the high-prevalence community have no access to diagnosis

Explanation

Prevalence depends on both the number of new cases and how long people live with the condition. If treatment or survival improves so that people live longer with the disease, prevalence rises even when incidence stays the same.

Question 50Health and Movement Science: Core 1 - Health for Individuals and Communities

A health promotion campaign uses shocking images of diseased lungs on cigarette packets and also funds quit-support services. Which analysis best evaluates this approach?

  1. It combines a population-level deterrent with individual support for quitting Correct answer.
  2. It is a tertiary rehabilitation program
  3. It relies only on individual education
  4. It removes the social causes of smoking

Explanation

Warning images act at the population level by discouraging uptake and prompting quit attempts, while quit-support services provide individual assistance. Combining a population strategy with individual support reflects a balanced health promotion approach.