SACE Stage 2 Indonesian (continuers) flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Bapak/Ibu

Formal Indonesian terms of address for Mr./Mrs. or Sir/Madam, used with a name or title to show respect, especially to elders, officials, or strangers.

Selamat siang

Greeting used roughly between 11 a.m. and 3 p.m., literally 'good midday'. It is more formal than 'Hai' and appropriate in offices and shops.

Mohon

Polite request marker meaning 'please' or 'kindly', more formal than 'tolong'. Often precedes a verb in letters or announcements, e.g., 'Mohon hadir tepat waktu'.

Maafkan saya

Formal apology meaning 'forgive me', used for serious mistakes. The shorter 'Maaf' suffices for minor slips such as bumping into someone.

Selamat jalan

Farewell said to the person who is leaving. The person staying says 'Selamat tinggal'. Mixing them up is a common learner error.

Kurang setuju

Polite phrase meaning 'not quite agree'. It softens disagreement in discussion, often followed by 'Mungkin...' to suggest an alternative view.

Nah

Discourse particle used to introduce a new point, draw attention, or signal a conclusion. It has no direct English equivalent but often means 'well' or 'so'.

Silakan

Polite invitation meaning 'please go ahead' or 'help yourself'. Used when offering food, inviting someone to speak, or allowing an action.

Oleh karena itu

Cohesive connector meaning 'therefore' or 'for that reason'. It introduces a logical consequence and is common in analytical and news texts.

Namun

Formal conjunction meaning 'however' or 'but'. It signals contrast and is preferred over 'tapi' in written news and academic Indonesian.

Menurut data

Phrase meaning 'according to data', a marker of factual reporting. It often precedes statistics and signals that the writer is citing a source.

Ke-an affix

Circumfix forming abstract nouns or states, e.g., 'kesehatan' (health) from 'sehat', 'kebersihan' (cleanliness). It often corresponds to English '-ness' or '-ity'.

Pe-an affix

Circumfix forming nouns of process or result, e.g., 'pembangunan' (development) from 'bangun', 'pendidikan' (education). It often matches English '-tion'.

Ber- prefix

Verb prefix marking intransitive or stative meaning, e.g., 'belajar' (to study), 'bekerja' (to work), 'bermain' (to play). It contrasts with transitive 'meN-'.

Sebaliknya

Connector meaning 'on the contrary' or 'conversely'. It introduces an opposite idea and helps track argument structure in expository texts.

Akibatnya

Connector meaning 'as a result' or 'consequently'. It introduces a consequence, often negative, and is frequent in cause–effect news reports.

MeN- prefix

Active transitive verb prefix (menulis, membaca, mengambil). Its form changes with the root's initial sound: me-, mem-, men-, meng-, menge-.

Di- prefix

Passive verb prefix, e.g., 'ditulis' (is written), 'dibaca' (is read). The agent follows 'oleh', as in 'ditulis oleh penulis'.

Sudah

Aspect marker meaning 'already' or perfective. It precedes the verb or adjective to show a completed action, e.g., 'Saya sudah makan'.

Sedang

Aspect marker meaning 'currently' or progressive. It precedes the verb to show an action in progress, e.g., 'Dia sedang belajar'.

Akan

Future marker meaning 'will'. It precedes the verb, e.g., 'Kami akan berangkat besok'. Time adverbs like 'besok' often reinforce it.

Yang

Relative pronoun meaning 'who', 'which', or 'that'. It links a noun to its modifier, e.g., 'buku yang saya baca' (the book that I read).

Sehingga

Conjunction meaning 'so that' or 'thus', introducing a result. It is more formal than 'jadi' and common in argumentative writing.

Meskipun

Conjunction meaning 'although' or 'even though'. It introduces a concessive clause and is often paired with 'tetapi' in the main clause.

Reduplication

Repetition of a word to mark plurality or variety, e.g., 'buku-buku' (books), 'anak-anak' (children). It may also change meaning, as in 'mata-mata' (spy).

Kepada Yth.

Formal letter opening meaning 'To the esteemed...'. It precedes the recipient's name or title in official Indonesian correspondence.

Pancasila

The five official principles of the Indonesian state: belief in one God, just humanity, national unity, democracy by consensus, and social justice.

Gotong royong

Cultural principle of mutual assistance and communal work, reflected in practices such as 'kerja bakti' (community clean-ups) and neighbourhood cooperation.

Nyepi

Balinese Hindu day of silence, marked by fasting and staying indoors. It falls near the Balinese new year and is a national public holiday.

Batik

Indonesian wax-resist textile art recognised by UNESCO in 2009. Patterns such as parang and kawung carry symbolic and regional meanings.

Kami vs kita

'Kami' means 'we' excluding the listener; 'kita' means 'we' including the listener. The distinction is grammatical and tested in comprehension.

Salim

Javanese greeting gesture where a younger person touches an elder's hand to the forehead. It shows respect and is common at family gatherings.