SACE Stage 2 Indonesian (continuers) key terms

Polite behaviour shown through choice of words, tone and gestures, especially towards elders or strangers. Indonesian speech levels and indirect requests often signal this quality in conversations and written texts.

Expressing an opinion clearly while staying polite. In discussion tasks candidates state a view, give a reason, and respond to another speaker's position using phrases such as menurut saya or setahu saya.

Agreeing and disagreeing in discussion. Indonesian speakers often soften disagreement with phrases like saya kurang sependapat or mungkin benar, tetapi, rather than a blunt refusal.

An invitation, either spoken or written. Formal written invitations follow conventions such as a greeting, event details, time and place, and a closing request for confirmation of attendance.

An event or programme, such as a wedding, school ceremony or community gathering. Reading a schedule of acara requires recognising times, sequence words and roles of participants.

The running order or agenda of an event. It lists items in sequence with times and responsible people, and is a common format in school and community notices that candidates must interpret.

A public announcement, often posted at school or in a workplace. It usually opens with a heading, states what, who, when and where, and may end with contact details or a request.

A form to be completed with personal details. Reading forms tests recognition of labels such as nama lengkap, tanggal lahir, alamat and pekerjaan, plus instructions about required fields.

A curriculum vitae or résumé. It presents personal data, education, work experience and skills in headed sections, and is a frequent source text for comprehension questions about qualifications.

An interview, for a job, a news story or a research project. Candidates may read a transcript or conduct a role-play, asking and answering questions in appropriate registers.

A source person or interviewee who provides information for a report, article or interview. Recognising who is speaking and whose view is reported is important in listening and reading tasks.

A report presenting findings on a topic or event. It typically includes an introduction, facts or observations, and a conclusion, often written in an objective style with passive constructions.

A conclusion drawn at the end of a text, talk or report. Identifying kesimpulan requires distinguishing the main point from supporting examples and details.

The main idea of a paragraph or whole text. It is often stated in a topic sentence but may need to be inferred from several supporting details.

The writer's purpose, such as to inform, persuade, entertain or warn. Recognising purpose helps candidates judge tone and choose the best answer in comprehension questions.

The tone or attitude of a text or speaker, for example humorous, serious, critical or sympathetic. Tone is signalled by word choice, intensifiers and rhetorical questions.

An expression or idiom whose meaning is not obvious from its individual words. Recognising common Indonesian ungkapan helps candidates interpret informal conversation and media texts accurately.

A proverb or traditional saying that carries shared cultural wisdom, often used to comment on behaviour. Examples appear in speeches and articles, where their figurative meaning must be explained.

The shared customs, values, arts and social practices of a community. Indonesian budaya varies across regions and ethnic groups, so generalisations should be qualified in written responses.

A tradition of mutual assistance in which community members work together on shared tasks, such as cleaning a neighbourhood or building a facility. It reflects values of cooperation and social obligation.

Society or community. The term appears in discussion of social issues such as education, employment and environmental responsibility, and often takes modifiers like masyarakat luas or masyarakat setempat.

The environment or surroundings. It covers both natural settings and social surroundings, and is central to texts about pollution, waste management and community health.

Pollution of air, water or land caused by waste, vehicles or industry. Texts on this topic often present causes, effects on health and proposed solutions that candidates must summarise.

Recycling, the process of treating used materials so they can be used again. The phrase appears in environmental campaigns and instructions, often alongside reduce and reuse equivalents.

Education, including schooling and formal study. Related vocabulary covers jenjang, kurikulum, beasiswa and wajib belajar, all common in articles and discussions about opportunity and reform.

A scholarship or study grant awarded to support a student's education. Notices about beasiswa list eligibility, required documents and deadlines, making them useful reading practice.

Occupation or employment. Discussing pekerjaan involves naming professions, describing duties and talking about working conditions, unemployment and career choice.

A holiday or vacation period. Narratives about liburan use past tense markers such as sudah, pernah and waktu itu, and often describe transport, accommodation and activities.

Experience, whether personal or professional. Recounting pengalaman requires past-time markers and sequencing words, and is a common prompt for spoken and written production.

To retell or recount something read, heard or experienced. A good retell keeps the main events in order, uses appropriate past markers and omits unnecessary detail.

Transport or means of travel, such as bus, train, ojek or becak. Transport texts give routes, fares, timetables and rules, and require scanning for specific details.

Traffic congestion. It appears frequently in city news reports, usually linked to causes such as vehicle growth and to solutions such as public transport and car-free days.

Health. Related texts discuss nutrition, exercise, illness and access to services, and often use imperative forms in advice about habits and prevention.

A passive sentence in which the focus is on the action or object rather than the doer, marked by di- or ter- or by a pronoun plus verb. Passives are common in news and formal writing.

An active sentence in which the subject performs the action, usually with the prefix me- on the verb. Choosing active or passive voice changes emphasis and formality.

An affix, that is a prefix, suffix or circumfix attached to a root word. Common Indonesian imbuhan include me-, ber-, di-, ter-, -kan and -an, and they change meaning and word class.

A root word before any affixes are added. Identifying the root helps candidates work out the meaning of unfamiliar derived words in reading passages.

A reduplicated word, either fully repeated or partly repeated, which may mark plurality, intensity, variety or a reciprocal meaning, as in anak-anak, sekali-kali and tolong-menolong.

An interjection expressing emotion or reaction, such as aduh, wah or nah. Kata seru signal tone in dialogue and help candidates infer a speaker's feelings.

A meeting, often formal, with an agenda and a chairperson. Dialogue and notices about rapat use vocabulary for attendance, postponement and decision-making that candidates should recognise.