SACE Stage 2 Latin (continuers) key terms

Graded tasks set and marked by the student's own school during the year, such as tests, text studies and oral or written analyses, which count towards the final subject result.

Tasks set and marked outside the school by the examining authority, typically a written examination on set texts and unseen translation, contributing a fixed share of the final result.

A specific piece of work used to gather evidence of achievement, with defined conditions, weighting and criteria, such as a comprehension test, translation exercise or analytical essay.

Written descriptions of the quality of achievement at each grade level, used by markers to judge how well a response meets the criteria rather than to compare students with one another.

The process by which results awarded by different schools are reviewed against common standards, ensuring that marks from different classes and schools are comparable and fair.

The set of instructions and criteria printed with a task or examination paper, stating what is required, how marks are allocated and any restrictions on length or content.

The rules governing an external examination, including time allowed, permitted resources such as dictionaries or word lists, and restrictions on bringing notes or electronic devices into the room.

A prescribed passage or work of Latin literature that students study closely in class and are examined on, often requiring knowledge of content, style and context.

The official list issued by the examining authority naming the authors and passages to be studied in a given year, including any specified editions or sections.

The official document setting out what will be taught and assessed in the subject, including text prescriptions, grammar requirements, task types and weightings.

A passage of Latin not previously studied, translated into English under examination conditions, testing grammar, vocabulary and the ability to make sense of continuous prose or verse.

Questions requiring students to demonstrate understanding of a Latin passage, by answering in English or Latin about content, characters, motives and the meaning of particular phrases.

A written explanation of a passage discussing its language, style, structure and effect, often supported by identification of literary devices and their purpose.

The close study of how a Latin author uses language, structure and imagery to create meaning and effect, going beyond literal translation to interpretation and evaluation.

A deliberate technique used by an author to persuade or move an audience, such as tricolon, anaphora, rhetorical question or apostrophe, usually identified and explained in commentary.

The rhythmic pattern of a Latin poem, determined by quantities of syllables, such as dactylic hexameter in epic or elegiac couplets, which students may be asked to scan or discuss.

The process of marking a line of verse into feet and syllables to show its metrical pattern, requiring knowledge of syllable quantity and the rules of elision.

The length of a syllable in Latin, either long or short by nature or by position, which determines the rhythm of verse and affects scansion and pronunciation.

The dropping or slurring of a final vowel or syllable ending in -m before a following word beginning with a vowel or h, a feature of Latin verse scansion.

A prescribed set of Latin words and their meanings that students are expected to know for translation and comprehension tasks, often issued by the examining authority.

The four forms of a Latin verb (present, infinitive, perfect, supine) from which all other forms can be built, essential for recognising tenses and forming participles.

A group of verbs sharing the same pattern of endings, traditionally divided into four main groups, knowledge of which allows correct recognition and formation of verb forms.

A group of nouns, pronouns and adjectives sharing the same set of case endings, traditionally five in Latin, used to identify a word's function in a sentence.

The grammatical form of a noun or adjective that shows its role in the sentence, such as nominative for subject, accusative for object or ablative for means.

The matching of adjectives with nouns, and verbs with subjects, in number, gender and case, a rule students must apply when translating and when writing about Latin.

A verbal adjective formed from a verb stem, such as the present, perfect or future participle, which shares features of both verbs and adjectives and is common in Latin prose.

A Latin construction in which a noun and a participle, or two nouns, stand in the ablative case to express circumstances such as time, cause or condition, translated by a subordinate clause.

Reported speech or thought introduced by a verb of saying or thinking, with the reported statement expressed by an accusative subject and infinitive rather than a finite verb.

The non-finite verb form ending in -re or -isse in Latin, used to complete other verbs, to express purpose after certain verbs, and as the main verb in indirect statement.

A verb mood used in Latin for subordinate clauses expressing purpose, result, cause, condition and indirect questions, and for commands and wishes in main clauses.

A subordinate clause expressing the aim or intention of an action, introduced by ut or ne with a subjunctive verb, translated as 'in order that' or 'so that'.

A subordinate clause expressing a consequence, introduced by ut or ut non with a subjunctive verb, often signalled in the main clause by words meaning 'so' or 'such'.

The arrangement and relationship of words and clauses in a sentence, including rules of agreement, case use and clause construction that underpin accurate translation.

An expression whose meaning cannot be deduced from its individual words, such as common Latin phrases with special senses that must be learned and translated naturally.

The rendering of Latin into clear, accurate English that preserves both the sense of the original and appropriate style, a core skill assessed in both school and external tasks.

The historical, social and literary background of a set text, including the author's audience and purpose, which students use to support interpretation and commentary.

An extended analytical response, usually written under timed conditions, arguing a position about a set text with evidence drawn from the Latin and from secondary knowledge.

A list of words with meanings provided with a text or examination paper to support translation, often printed at the foot of the passage or in a separate column.