AWS D1.1 Endorsement flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

D1.1 thickness scope

D1.1 applies to welded steel structures with base metal thickness of 1/8 in [3 mm] and greater, unless the contract specifies another code or thickness limit.

Prequalified joint detail

A joint detail listed in D1.1 Clause 3 that may be used without WPS qualification when all prequalified conditions for base metal, filler, position, preheat, and access are met.

Minimum fillet weld size

Based on thicker part: 1/8 in for ≤1/4 in, 3/16 in for >1/4 to 1/2 in, 1/4 in for >1/2 to 3/4 in, and 5/16 in for >3/4 in.

Maximum fillet size on edge

For edge fillets, maximum size equals material thickness when thickness is less than 1/4 in; for 1/4 in and thicker, it equals thickness minus 1/16 in.

Effective fillet throat

The effective throat of an equal-leg 45-degree fillet weld is 0.707 times the leg size; effective area is throat times effective length.

Minimum fillet weld length

A fillet weld shorter than four times its nominal size has effective size limited to one-quarter of its length; intermittent welds also have minimum length rules.

Base metal Table 1.1

D1.1 base metals are grouped in Table 1.1 by ASTM specification and grade; unlisted steels require engineer approval and may require WPS qualification.

CJP groove effective throat

For a complete joint penetration groove weld, the effective throat is the full thickness of the thinner joined part, provided backing or backgouging removes unsound root material.

Prequalified WPS conditions

A WPS may be prequalified only when it follows a prequalified joint detail and uses listed base metal, prequalified filler, qualified position, and D1.1 preheat and interpass limits.

PQR

A Procedure Qualification Record documents the WPS qualification test: materials, essential variables, test specimens, and results demonstrating the procedure produces sound welds meeting Clause 4.

Essential variable

A WPS variable that, when changed beyond the code-permitted range, requires requalification; examples include process, filler classification, base metal group, thickness range, and preheat.

WPS qualification tests

Groove weld procedure qualification typically uses reduced-section tension and guided-bend specimens; acceptance requires specified strength and no unacceptable defects in bends.

Welder performance qualification

A welder is qualified by visual examination and bend testing, or radiography, of a test coupon; the qualification records position, process, thickness, and backing conditions.

Preheat requirement

Minimum preheat depends on steel group, thickness, and process; it must be measured and maintained before and during welding, and interpass temperature must not exceed the code limit.

Low-hydrogen electrode storage

Low-hydrogen electrodes must be stored and handled to prevent moisture pickup; opened electrodes are limited in atmospheric exposure and damp electrodes must not be used.

Fit-up misalignment

Joint misalignment and fit-up must be within D1.1 tolerances; excessive offset shall be corrected before welding, and strongbacks or temporary welds must follow qualified procedures.

Workmanship acceptance

Welds must be free of cracks and unacceptable undercut, porosity, slag, and arc strikes; surfaces are cleaned before inspection, and repairs use a qualified WPS.

Visual inspection extent

All welds require visual inspection before, during, and after welding; the inspector checks joint preparation, fit-up, preheat, cleaning, and final weld appearance.

CJP tension NDE

Complete joint penetration groove welds in tension generally require ultrasonic or radiographic testing in addition to visual inspection, unless the contract grants a specific exemption.

UT for CJP

Ultrasonic testing detects internal planar defects in CJP groove welds; acceptance rejects cracks, incomplete fusion, and indications exceeding the D1.1 reference level.

RT acceptance

Radiographic acceptance prohibits cracks and incomplete fusion or penetration; porosity and slag limits depend on weld thickness and are tabulated in D1.1.

MT/PT use

Magnetic particle testing detects surface and near-surface defects in ferromagnetic steel; penetrant testing is used for nonmagnetic materials or where magnetic methods are unsuitable.

Undercut limit

D1.1 undercut acceptance depends on material thickness: generally 1/32 in is permitted for material under 1 in and 1/16 in for 1 in and thicker.

NDE personnel qualification

Nondestructive examination personnel shall be qualified to a recognized program such as ASNT SNT-TC-1A or an equivalent employer certification program acceptable under the contract.

Repair inspection

Defects shall be excavated and rewelded with a qualified WPS; repaired areas are reexamined by the same NDE method and accepted to the original criteria.

NDE reports

NDE reports identify the weld, method, procedure, equipment calibration, personnel, indications, and acceptance decision; they are reviewed by the inspector before final acceptance.

Inspector authority

The inspector verifies code compliance and may reject nonconforming work, but does not approve design changes or waive D1.1 requirements without the engineer's written authorization.

WPS availability

A written WPS and supporting PQR must be available to the inspector at the work site before welding; prequalified WPS still require documentation of compliance.

Welder qualification record

The record identifies the welder, process, position, thickness qualified, test date, and results; it is maintained by the contractor and available to the inspector.

Material traceability

Mill certificates, heat numbers, and filler metal classifications are checked against the contract and WPS; unidentified or unlisted materials are not accepted for code welding.

Nonconformance report

A nonconformance report describes the noncompliant condition, location, code requirement, disposition, repair or retest, and closure verification; it becomes part of the inspection record.

Final inspection report

The final report summarizes inspections, NDE results, nonconformances, repairs, and acceptance status, and is signed by the inspector before project closeout.