DIM Doktorantura FL key terms

A short written statement presenting the main claim or argument of a research work, defended with evidence and reasoning rather than mere opinion.

A long formal research document submitted for an academic degree, presenting original investigation, methodology, results and conclusions in a structured format.

The new contribution a study adds to existing knowledge, such as a fresh finding, method or interpretation not previously established by other researchers.

The relevance and timeliness of a research topic, explaining why the problem matters now and what gap in current knowledge it addresses.

The specific phenomenon, text, group or process that a study examines, distinct from the wider field in which the research is situated.

The system of principles and procedures guiding how research is designed and carried out, including the justification for chosen methods and data sources.

An experienced academic who supervises a doctoral candidate's research, advising on design, literature, writing and progress toward completion of the dissertation.

The formal public session where a candidate presents a dissertation and answers questions from an academic committee before a degree decision is made.

The findings or outcomes reached at the end of a study, stated clearly and linked back to the research questions and the evidence gathered.

The specific subject a piece of writing or research addresses, often stated in a title and narrowed enough to be treated thoroughly within the required length.

A group of connected sentences developing one central idea, usually opening with a topic sentence and closing with a link to the next point.

A word, phrase or sentence that connects ideas between sentences or paragraphs, showing how one point relates logically to the next.

The logical relationship between parts of a text, such as cause, contrast, addition or consequence, signalled by connectors and overall organisation.

A brief restatement of the main points of a longer text or talk, written in the reader's own words and omitting minor details and examples.

The act of locating specific information in a text, such as a date, name or figure, without reading every word in detail.

A reading approach that moves quickly through a text to grasp its general topic or gist before any detailed comprehension work begins.

A connected piece of written language, such as an article, essay or notice, that carries a coherent message for a reader.

The attitude or opinion a writer expresses toward the subject, which readers infer from word choice, tone and the arguments presented.

The overall attitude conveyed by a piece of writing or speech, for example formal, ironic, neutral or critical, shaped by vocabulary and sentence structure.

The language skill of understanding spoken input, requiring listeners to follow main ideas, details, accent and speed in real time.

A spoken exchange between two or more speakers, often used in listening tasks where candidates identify who said what and why.

An extended speech by a single speaker, such as a lecture or announcement, that listeners must follow for structure and key information.

A short piece of formal writing in which the author argues a position or discusses a topic, organised into introduction, body paragraphs and conclusion.

The system of rules governing how words combine into phrases and sentences, including tense, agreement, word order and sentence structure.

The vocabulary of a language or of a particular text, including the range of words and expressions a speaker or writer can use.

A word that has a meaning very close to another word, though often differing in register, intensity or collocation in actual use.

A word whose meaning is opposite to that of another word, such as hot and cold or increase and decrease.

The branch of grammar dealing with how words are arranged into phrases and sentences, and with the rules that make such arrangements grammatical.

A bound element attached to a word stem to change its meaning or grammatical function, such as a plural, case or tense marker.

The basic part of a word that carries its core meaning and to which prefixes and suffixes may be attached to form new words.

A fixed or semi-fixed combination of words that functions as a unit of meaning, often used naturally by native speakers in speech and writing.

A functional element of a sentence, such as subject, predicate, object or modifier, identified by its role in conveying the message.

The Azerbaijani rule by which suffixes change their vowels to match the last vowel of the word stem they attach to.

A grammatical category marking the relationship of a noun to other sentence elements, expressed in Azerbaijani through specific case suffixes.

A word class expressing action, occurrence or state, carrying categories such as tense, person and number in Azerbaijani sentence structure.

A word class naming a person, place, thing or abstract concept, capable of taking plural and case suffixes in Azerbaijani.

A word class that describes or qualifies a noun, indicating qualities such as size, colour or character, and usually placed before the noun.

A word that stands in place of a noun or noun phrase, such as personal, demonstrative or interrogative pronouns used to avoid repetition.

A formal register used in official documents, applications and academic writing, marked by precise vocabulary, full forms and impersonal structures.

The set of conventions for spelling words correctly in a language, including rules for writing suffixes and compound forms consistently.