BCT(B) flashcards

33 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Business requirement

A statement of why the organization is undertaking the change and what business outcome it must achieve. It sits above stakeholder and solution requirements and justifies the project.

Non-functional requirement

A constraint on how a solution performs, covering qualities such as speed, availability, security, and usability. It must be measurable so it can be objectively tested.

MoSCoW prioritization

A ranking scheme that sorts scope into Must, Should, Could, and Won't. Must items are non-negotiable for the release; Won't items are explicitly excluded from current scope.

Requirements traceability

The ability to link each requirement backward to its source and forward to design elements, test cases, and change requests. Untraced requirements cannot be verified or impact-assessed.

Gap analysis

A comparison of the current state against a desired future state that identifies missing capabilities, processes, or data. The output lists specific changes needed to close each gap.

Exclusive gateway

A BPMN diamond where exactly one outgoing path is taken based on a condition. It represents a decision or merge point and splits flow without parallel execution.

Parallel gateway

A BPMN diamond that activates all outgoing paths at once and waits for all incoming paths before continuing. It models concurrent work with no condition evaluation.

Little's Law

A queueing relationship stating that average work in progress equals arrival rate multiplied by average time in system. It links flow rate, time, and inventory.

Cycle time

The total elapsed time from when a unit of work enters a process until it exits. It includes waiting and queue time, not just hands-on processing.

Value-added analysis

A step-by-step classification of process activities as value-adding, business-value-adding, or non-value-adding waste. It guides which steps to remove or streamline in redesign.

Process mining

An analysis technique that derives actual process flows from system event logs containing case identifiers, activity names, and timestamps. It reveals real bottlenecks and rework loops.

Nominal scale

A measurement level using unordered labels such as categories or codes. Only counts and the mode are meaningful; arithmetic operations on the values are invalid.

Median

The middle value of an ordered dataset, or the average of the two middle values. It resists distortion by outliers, unlike the mean, and suits skewed distributions.

Correlation coefficient

A number between negative one and positive one expressing the strength and direction of a linear association. It does not by itself demonstrate that one variable causes another.

Data quality dimensions

Standard checks for whether data is fit for use: completeness, accuracy, consistency, timeliness, uniqueness, and validity. Each dimension needs an explicit acceptance threshold.

Leading versus lagging indicator

A leading indicator predicts future performance and can be influenced now; a lagging indicator confirms results already achieved. Dashboards typically pair both types.

Weighted scoring matrix

An option comparison tool where each criterion carries a weight summing to one and each option receives a score. The weighted total supports a defensible recommendation.

Total cost of ownership

The full lifetime cost of a solution, including acquisition, implementation, integration, operation, support, and retirement. It prevents comparing only upfront purchase price.

Payback period

The time required for cumulative benefits to equal the initial investment, computed as initial cost divided by annual net benefit. Shorter periods indicate faster recovery.

Proof of concept

A limited technical exercise that confirms whether an approach can work at all. It addresses feasibility, not user adoption or full operational readiness.

Risk exposure

The combined magnitude of a risk, typically likelihood multiplied by impact. It supports ranking risks so mitigation effort goes to the highest exposures first.

Power/interest grid

A stakeholder mapping that plots influence against concern for the change. Position determines engagement strategy, from manage closely to monitor with minimal effort.

RACI matrix

A responsibility assignment chart using Responsible, Accountable, Consulted, and Informed. Each activity should have exactly one Accountable party to prevent diffuse ownership.

Parking lot

A facilitation tool that records off-topic but valuable items during a workshop. Each item gets an owner so it is not lost while the agenda stays on track.

Neutral facilitation

A facilitator who manages process, participation, and ground rules without advocating a content position. Neutrality protects the credibility of decisions reached by the group.

Critical path

The longest-duration sequence of dependent activities through a project network. It determines the shortest possible project duration and carries zero total float.

Cost performance index

Earned value divided by actual cost. A value below one means the work completed has cost more than budgeted for that work to date.

Change control board

A designated group that reviews change requests, assesses impact on scope, schedule, cost, and risk, and authorizes or rejects baseline changes.

ADKAR model

A change model with five sequential outcomes: Awareness, Desire, Knowledge, Ability, and Reinforcement. A shortfall at any element blocks sustained individual adoption.

Baseline

An approved, version-controlled snapshot of scope, schedule, or cost. It provides the reference against which performance and change requests are measured.

Conflict of interest

A situation where personal, financial, or other interests could improperly influence professional judgment. It must be disclosed promptly so others can assess the risk.

Confidentiality obligation

The duty to protect information obtained during work and share it only with authorized parties or where legally required. It typically survives the end of the engagement.

Professional competence

The ethical duty to accept only work within your knowledge and skill, and to maintain and disclose those limits honestly. Outside your competence, refer or escalate.