BD Police Sergeant Written flashcards

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বাংলা বর্ণমালার স্বরবর্ণ

বাংলা বর্ণমালায় স্বরবর্ণ ১১টি: অ, আ, ই, ঈ, উ, ঊ, ঋ, এ, ঐ, ও, ঔ। এগুলি স্বাধীনভাবে উচ্চারিত হয় এবং ব্যঞ্জনের সঙ্গে যুক্ত হয়ে কার চিহ্ন হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়।

চর্যাপদ

বাংলা সাহিত্যের আদি নিদর্শন, আনুমানিক ৯৫০–১২০০ খ্রিষ্টাব্দে রচিত; সিদ্ধাচার্যদের রচনা; ১৯০৭ সালে হরপ্রসাদ শাস্ত্রী নেপাল থেকে আবিষ্কার করেন।

মাইকেল মধুসূদন দত্ত

আধুনিক বাংলা সাহিত্যের পথিকৃৎ; অমিত্রাক্ষর ছন্দের প্রবর্তক; 'মেঘনাদবধ কাব্য', 'কৃষ্ণকুমারী' নাটক ও 'বীরাঙ্গনা' কাব্যের রচয়িতা; ১৮২৪–১৮৭৩।

Active to passive voice

In passive voice the object becomes the subject, the verb becomes a form of 'be' plus past participle, and the subject moves to a by-phrase; e.g., 'She wrote a letter' becomes 'A letter was written by her.'

Simile vs metaphor

A simile compares two things using 'like' or 'as' (e.g., 'as brave as a lion'); a metaphor makes a direct implied comparison without 'like' or 'as' (e.g., 'he is a lion in battle').

Conditional sentence types

Type 1: If + present tense, will + base verb (real future). Type 2: If + past, would + base verb (unreal present). Type 3: If + past perfect, would have + past participle (unreal past).

Average formula

Average = sum of all terms divided by number of terms. If a value x replaces y among n terms, the new average changes by (x − y) ÷ n.

Compound interest formula

Compound amount A = P(1 + r/100)^t, where P is principal, r is annual rate percent, and t is time in years; compound interest = A − P.

Average speed equal distances

If a journey covers equal distances at speeds x and y, the average speed for the whole journey is 2xy ÷ (x + y), not the simple arithmetic mean (x + y) ÷ 2.

SAARC founding

The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation was founded on 8 December 1985 in Dhaka, Bangladesh, with seven founding members; Afghanistan joined in 2007.

Paris Agreement 2015

Adopted at COP21 in Paris in 2015, it aims to limit global warming to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit it to 1.5°C.

National bird of Bangladesh

The Oriental Magpie-Robin (doyel) is the national bird of Bangladesh; the national animal is the Royal Bengal Tiger and the national flower is the water lily (shapla).

Bangladesh divisions

Bangladesh has 8 administrative divisions: Dhaka, Chattogram, Rajshahi, Khulna, Barishal, Sylhet, Rangpur, and Mymensingh; each division is headed by a divisional commissioner.

Sundarbans

The Sundarbans is the world's largest mangrove forest, covering about 6,017 sq km in Bangladesh; it is a UNESCO World Heritage Site (1997) and habitat of the Royal Bengal Tiger.

Padma River

The Padma is the main channel of the Ganges in Bangladesh; it joins the Jamuna near Goalundo and the Meghna near Chandpur before flowing into the Bay of Bengal.

Language Movement 1952

On 21 February 1952, police fired on students demanding Bangla as a state language of Pakistan; Salam, Rafiq, Barkat, Jabbar, and others died; UNESCO later declared the date International Mother Language Day.

Mujibnagar Government

The provisional government of Bangladesh was formed on 17 April 1971 at Baidyanathtala (Mujibnagar); Syed Nazrul Islam was acting President and Tajuddin Ahmad was Prime Minister.

Instrument of Surrender 1971

On 16 December 1971, Lt Gen A. A. K. Niazi of Pakistan signed the instrument of surrender at the Racecourse Ground, Dhaka, before Lt Gen Jagjit Singh Aurora, ending the Liberation War.

Cyclone warning signals

Bangladesh uses a 1–10 cyclone warning signal system for maritime ports; higher numbers indicate greater danger, and signal 10 indicates a great danger with wind speed above 88 km/h.

Standing Orders on Disaster

The Standing Orders on Disaster (SOD) is Bangladesh's national framework that assigns disaster-management responsibilities to ministries, departments, and local bodies before, during, and after a disaster.

Sendai Framework

The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 is a UN agreement that sets seven global targets to reduce disaster risk and losses in lives, livelihoods, and health.

Article 102

Article 102 of the Constitution of Bangladesh empowers the High Court Division to issue writs, including habeas corpus, mandamus, certiorari, prohibition, and quo warranto, to enforce fundamental rights.

Fundamental principles of state policy

Article 8 of the Constitution of Bangladesh lists four fundamental principles: nationalism, socialism, democracy, and secularism; they guide state policy but are not directly enforceable in court.

Jatiya Sangsad seats

The Parliament of Bangladesh has 350 members: 300 elected directly from territorial constituencies and 50 reserved seats for women, who are elected by the 300 members.

Police rank hierarchy

Ascending order in Bangladesh Police: constable, lance naik, naik, havildar, sub-inspector, inspector, assistant superintendent, superintendent, additional DIG, DIG, and Inspector General of Police.

Thana

A thana (police station) is the basic unit of policing in Bangladesh; it is headed by an officer-in-charge (OC) and is responsible for registration of cases, investigation, and local law and order.

Government Servants Discipline and Appeal Rules 1985

These rules govern departmental proceedings against government servants in Bangladesh, including police personnel; they require notice, an opportunity to reply, and a reasoned order before major punishment.

FIR under Section 154 CrPC

The First Information Report is recorded by police on information about a cognizable offence under Section 154 of the Code of Criminal Procedure 1898; a copy is sent to the magistrate.

Section 25 Evidence Act

Section 25 of the Evidence Act 1872 provides that no confession made to a police officer shall be proved against an accused person, protecting against coerced confessions.

Cognizable offence

A cognizable offence is one for which police may arrest without a warrant and investigate without a magistrate's order; a non-cognizable offence requires a magistrate's order for investigation.

Cyber Security Act 2023

Bangladesh's Cyber Security Act 2023 repealed the Digital Security Act 2018; it covers offences such as unauthorized access, identity theft, and offensive online content, with designated investigation agencies.

Phishing

Phishing is a cyber attack in which criminals send fraudulent emails or messages that appear legitimate to trick users into revealing passwords, OTPs, or financial information; verify links before clicking.