BD Police Sergeant Written key terms

An offence for which a police officer may arrest a person without a warrant and may start an investigation without a magistrate's permission. Examples include murder and robbery.

An offence for which police cannot arrest without a warrant and cannot investigate without a magistrate's order. Police usually record it and send the complainant to court.

The earliest report of a cognizable offence recorded by police, usually from the informant's words, and entered in the station diary. It starts the formal criminal investigation.

The final police report submitted to a magistrate after investigation, stating the offences, the accused, and the evidence collected. It moves the case toward trial.

The lawful process of collecting evidence about an offence, including statements, searches, seizures, and expert reports. Police conduct it before a case goes to trial.

The documented record of who handled physical evidence, when, and how, from seizure to court. Gaps or breaks can make evidence unreliable or inadmissible.

The principle that an accused person is treated as innocent until the prosecution proves guilt beyond reasonable doubt. The burden of proof rests on the state.

The requirement that the state follow fair, lawful procedures before depriving a person of life, liberty, or property. It includes notice, hearing, and an impartial decision-maker.

Basic rights guaranteed by the Constitution, such as life, liberty, equality, and freedom of expression, which courts can enforce against state action.

A formal application asking a High Court Division to enforce a fundamental right or correct an unlawful official action, such as detention or an arbitrary order.

A written order issued by a court authorizing police to arrest a named person. Police must show it on request and follow its terms strictly.

A magistrate's order keeping an arrested person in custody, often for further investigation or trial. It must follow legal limits on duration and grounds.

A written inventory of property taken by police during a search or arrest. It records descriptions, quantities, and witnesses and supports later court use.

A strategy where police work with residents, local groups, and institutions to identify problems and prevent crime, rather than reacting only after offences occur.

Assigning officers to defined local areas so they know residents, gather information, and respond quickly. It builds trust and improves local crime prevention.

Planned movement of police through an area on foot or by vehicle to deter crime, observe conditions, and respond to incidents. Routes and timings are usually recorded.

Measures taken to stop crime before it happens, such as patrols, lighting, awareness campaigns, and target hardening. It complements investigation and prosecution.

The formal line of authority from senior officers down to constables. Orders normally pass through each level, and officers report to their immediate supervisor.

Orderly conduct by police officers according to service rules, including obedience to lawful orders, punctuality, and restraint. Breaches can lead to departmental action.

A minor penalty imposed by a competent police authority after a simplified inquiry, such as censure or withholding of increment, without a full formal trial.

Fair procedure requirements, chiefly the right to be heard and the rule that no one should judge their own cause. It governs disciplinary and administrative decisions.

Crime committed through or against computers and networks, such as hacking, online fraud, identity theft, and harassment. It often crosses district and national borders.

Information stored or transmitted in digital form, such as messages, logs, images, and metadata, used to prove facts. It must be collected and preserved lawfully.

A deception where criminals send fake messages or links to trick people into revealing passwords, card numbers, or other sensitive data. Awareness and verification help prevent it.

The legal authority of a court or police unit to hear a case or act in an area. It depends on territory, subject matter, and the rank or power conferred by law.

The four founding principles of the Bangladesh Constitution: nationalism, socialism, democracy, and secularism. They guide interpretation of the constitutional scheme.

The movement in the early 1950s demanding recognition of Bangla as a state language of Pakistan. Its climax on 21 February 1952 is commemorated as International Mother Language Day.

The armed struggle in 1971 through which Bangladesh became independent. It followed mass resistance and a declaration of independence and ended with victory in December 1971.

The freedom fighter forces formed during the 1971 Liberation War, including regular units and local fighters, who fought against occupying forces in Bangladesh.

A national institution in Dhaka promoting Bangla language and literature through research, publications, dictionaries, and the annual Ekushey Book Fair.

Two registers of written Bangla: sadhu bhasha is a formal, older literary style, while chalit bhasha follows modern spoken patterns. Standard writing now mainly uses chalit.

The joining of two Bangla words or word parts where sounds change at the boundary, producing a combined form. Rules govern vowel and consonant changes.

A compound word formed by combining two or more Bangla words into one unit, with the meaning depending on the type of compound. It differs from sandhi joining.

The grammatical classes of words, such as noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction, and interjection. Identifying them supports correct sentence construction.

The rule that a verb must match its subject in number and person, as in singular subject with singular verb. Errors here are common in editing questions.

The grammatical form showing whether the subject performs the action (active) or receives it (passive). Converting between them requires care with tense and agent.

A ratio compares two quantities of the same kind, while a proportion states that two ratios are equal. These ideas solve sharing, mixture, and scale problems.

A fraction expressed out of one hundred, used to compare quantities and show change. Problems often ask for increase, decrease, or a value after a given percent change.

The sum of a set of values divided by the number of values. It summarizes data and is often combined with ratio or percentage questions in mental ability tests.