Bulgaria Theory Test A cheat sheet
Bulgaria Theory Test A · Keep the key ideas within reach.
Road Traffic Law and Regulations (Bulgaria)
Mopeds (up to 50 cc / 45 km/h) require category AM from age 16; category A1 from 16 covers up to 125 cc and 11 kW.
Category A2 (from 18) covers machines up to 35 kW and power-to-weight ratio not above 0.2 kW/kg; category A (from 24, or 20 with 2 years A2) covers unrestricted machines.
Mandatory motorcycle safety equipment: helmet for rider and passenger, functioning lights, two independent brakes, horn, mirror(s), and registration with valid liability insurance.
Riders must carry a valid licence, registration certificate, and insurance certificate; the vehicle must display a valid technical inspection (periodic roadworthiness) sticker.
Blood alcohol limit for drivers and riders in Bulgaria is 0.5 g/l (0.05%); novice and professional drivers are held to 0.0 g/l.
The upper legal speed limit on motorways is 140 km/h; on roads outside built-up areas 90 km/h, and inside built-up areas 50 km/h unless signs state otherwise.
Riders must use dipped headlights at all times while riding, day and night.
Passengers may be carried only where the motorcycle is designed and registered for a pillion seat and the passenger has a proper seat and footrests.
Road Signs and Markings
Priority/regulatory signs are circular: red border with white ground = prohibition/restriction; blue ground = mandatory instruction.
Warning signs are triangular with a red border and white ground; they are placed before the hazard they describe.
Information and direction signs are rectangular or square; blue usually indicates motorway or general information, green indicates main routes.
A solid white edge line marks the road edge; a solid centre line means no crossing, while a broken centre line may be crossed when safe.
A continuous double line (one or both solid) forbids overtaking and crossing; a broken line on the rider's side permits crossing.
Stop sign (octagonal, red) requires a complete stop at the stop line and giving way to traffic on the priority road.
A 'Give Way' sign (inverted triangle) requires yielding without necessarily stopping unless traffic demands it.
Level crossings: a St Andrew's cross without barriers warns of an unguarded crossing; a red flashing light means stop immediately.
Traffic Signals and Right-of-Way
A flashing amber light at a signal means proceed with caution, giving way to traffic already in the junction and to pedestrians.
A red light plus a green arrow pointing in one direction permits movement only in that direction after yielding to other traffic.
At an unmarked intersection, the rider must yield to traffic approaching from the right (priority to the right rule).
When a priority road sign or signal is present, vehicles on that road have priority over entering traffic.
A vehicle turning left must yield to oncoming traffic going straight or turning right.
Entering a roundabout, the rider must give way to traffic already circulating unless signs indicate otherwise.
When an emergency vehicle with active blue lights and siren approaches, the rider must clear the way and, if necessary, stop safely.
At pedestrian crossings, pedestrians have priority once they have stepped onto the crossing; riders must stop and not overtake a vehicle stopped at a crossing.
Safe and Defensive Riding
Maintain a following distance of at least 2 seconds in good conditions and 4 seconds in rain, gravel, or poor visibility.
Always ride in a position visible to other drivers: avoid lingering in blind spots and stay out of the 'no-zone' behind large vehicles.
Use the 'lifesaver' check - a shoulder glance - before changing lanes or turning, in addition to mirrors.
Brake with both brakes, applying front brake progressively; the front provides most stopping power but over-application locks the wheel.
Countersteer for turns above walking pace: push the handlebar in the direction of the turn to lean the bike.
Ride with a lane position that gives an escape route; do not ride beside a vehicle's door zone or directly in its blind spot.
In rain, reduce speed and increase following distance; painted lines, manhole covers, and metal grates become slippery.
Avoid target fixation: look where you want to go, not at the hazard, to steer around it.
Motorcycle Vehicle Knowledge and Maintenance
Check tyre pressure when tyres are cold; low pressure impairs handling, increases wear, and can cause overheating.
Minimum tyre tread depth for motorcycles in Bulgaria is 1 mm across the central three-quarters of the tread.
Check engine oil level with the bike upright on level ground; low oil causes overheating and engine damage.
Chain tension should allow about 20–30 mm of slack at the midpoint; over-tight chains damage bearings and sprockets.
Brake fluid absorbs moisture; replace it every two years or as specified, and never mix DOT types.
The 'T-CLOCS' pre-ride check covers Tyres, Controls, Lights, Oil, Chassis, and Stands.
A worn or glazed front tyre reduces grip in the wet; replace tyres showing cracks, bulges, or exposed cords immediately.
Lights and horn must function; a failed brake light or indicator makes the bike illegal to ride on public roads.
First Aid and Emergency Response
At a crash scene: stop safely, switch on hazard lights, warn oncoming traffic, and call 112 (the EU emergency number).
Do not remove a rider's helmet unless the airway is blocked or breathing has stopped; removing it can worsen spinal injury.
Check responsiveness and breathing; if absent, begin CPR at 100–120 chest compressions per minute, about 5–6 cm deep.
Use the DR ABC sequence: Danger, Response, Airway, Breathing, Circulation.
Control severe bleeding with direct pressure using a clean cloth; do not remove an object embedded in a wound.
Treat for shock by keeping the casualty warm and lying down; do not give food or drink.
For suspected spinal injury, keep the casualty still and support the head until emergency services arrive.
Give the emergency operator the location, number of casualties, and nature of injuries, and stay on the line.
Hazard Perception and Risk Awareness
Scan 12–15 seconds ahead and check mirrors every 5–8 seconds to spot hazards early.
Risks rise at junctions, bends, hill crests, and near schools; slow down before entering these zones.
Wet or gravelly surfaces, leaves, and painted markings reduce grip; reduce speed before the hazard, not on it.
Watch for 'dooring': parked cars may open doors into the rider's path; leave a door's width of clearance.
A vehicle's indicator does not guarantee its intention; observe wheel movement and body language.
At night, reduce speed so you can stop within the distance illuminated by the headlight.
Larger vehicles have blind spots and wide turning arcs; never ride alongside a turning truck or bus.
Fatigue, alcohol, and distraction are major crash factors; stop and rest when concentration drops.
Road Traffic Law and Regulations (Bulgaria)
Mopeds (up to 50 cc / 45 km/h) require category AM from age 16; category A1 from 16 covers up to 125 cc and 11 kW.
Category A2 (from 18) covers machines up to 35 kW and power-to-weight ratio not above 0.2 kW/kg; category A (from 24, or 20 with 2 years A2) covers unrestricted machines.
Mandatory motorcycle safety equipment: helmet for rider and passenger, functioning lights, two independent brakes, horn, mirror(s), and registration with valid liability insurance.
Riders must carry a valid licence, registration certificate, and insurance certificate; the vehicle must display a valid technical inspection (periodic roadworthiness) sticker.
Blood alcohol limit for drivers and riders in Bulgaria is 0.5 g/l (0.05%); novice and professional drivers are held to 0.0 g/l.
The upper legal speed limit on motorways is 140 km/h; on roads outside built-up areas 90 km/h, and inside built-up areas 50 km/h unless signs state otherwise.
Riders must use dipped headlights at all times while riding, day and night.
Passengers may be carried only where the motorcycle is designed and registered for a pillion seat and the passenger has a proper seat and footrests.
Road Signs and Markings
Priority/regulatory signs are circular: red border with white ground = prohibition/restriction; blue ground = mandatory instruction.
Warning signs are triangular with a red border and white ground; they are placed before the hazard they describe.
Information and direction signs are rectangular or square; blue usually indicates motorway or general information, green indicates main routes.
A solid white edge line marks the road edge; a solid centre line means no crossing, while a broken centre line may be crossed when safe.
A continuous double line (one or both solid) forbids overtaking and crossing; a broken line on the rider's side permits crossing.
Stop sign (octagonal, red) requires a complete stop at the stop line and giving way to traffic on the priority road.
A 'Give Way' sign (inverted triangle) requires yielding without necessarily stopping unless traffic demands it.
Level crossings: a St Andrew's cross without barriers warns of an unguarded crossing; a red flashing light means stop immediately.
Traffic Signals and Right-of-Way
A flashing amber light at a signal means proceed with caution, giving way to traffic already in the junction and to pedestrians.
A red light plus a green arrow pointing in one direction permits movement only in that direction after yielding to other traffic.
At an unmarked intersection, the rider must yield to traffic approaching from the right (priority to the right rule).
When a priority road sign or signal is present, vehicles on that road have priority over entering traffic.
A vehicle turning left must yield to oncoming traffic going straight or turning right.
Entering a roundabout, the rider must give way to traffic already circulating unless signs indicate otherwise.
When an emergency vehicle with active blue lights and siren approaches, the rider must clear the way and, if necessary, stop safely.
At pedestrian crossings, pedestrians have priority once they have stepped onto the crossing; riders must stop and not overtake a vehicle stopped at a crossing.
Safe and Defensive Riding
Maintain a following distance of at least 2 seconds in good conditions and 4 seconds in rain, gravel, or poor visibility.
Always ride in a position visible to other drivers: avoid lingering in blind spots and stay out of the 'no-zone' behind large vehicles.
Use the 'lifesaver' check - a shoulder glance - before changing lanes or turning, in addition to mirrors.
Brake with both brakes, applying front brake progressively; the front provides most stopping power but over-application locks the wheel.
Countersteer for turns above walking pace: push the handlebar in the direction of the turn to lean the bike.
Ride with a lane position that gives an escape route; do not ride beside a vehicle's door zone or directly in its blind spot.
In rain, reduce speed and increase following distance; painted lines, manhole covers, and metal grates become slippery.
Avoid target fixation: look where you want to go, not at the hazard, to steer around it.
Motorcycle Vehicle Knowledge and Maintenance
Check tyre pressure when tyres are cold; low pressure impairs handling, increases wear, and can cause overheating.
Minimum tyre tread depth for motorcycles in Bulgaria is 1 mm across the central three-quarters of the tread.
Check engine oil level with the bike upright on level ground; low oil causes overheating and engine damage.
Chain tension should allow about 20–30 mm of slack at the midpoint; over-tight chains damage bearings and sprockets.
Brake fluid absorbs moisture; replace it every two years or as specified, and never mix DOT types.
The 'T-CLOCS' pre-ride check covers Tyres, Controls, Lights, Oil, Chassis, and Stands.
A worn or glazed front tyre reduces grip in the wet; replace tyres showing cracks, bulges, or exposed cords immediately.
Lights and horn must function; a failed brake light or indicator makes the bike illegal to ride on public roads.
First Aid and Emergency Response
At a crash scene: stop safely, switch on hazard lights, warn oncoming traffic, and call 112 (the EU emergency number).
Do not remove a rider's helmet unless the airway is blocked or breathing has stopped; removing it can worsen spinal injury.
Check responsiveness and breathing; if absent, begin CPR at 100–120 chest compressions per minute, about 5–6 cm deep.
Use the DR ABC sequence: Danger, Response, Airway, Breathing, Circulation.
Control severe bleeding with direct pressure using a clean cloth; do not remove an object embedded in a wound.
Treat for shock by keeping the casualty warm and lying down; do not give food or drink.
For suspected spinal injury, keep the casualty still and support the head until emergency services arrive.
Give the emergency operator the location, number of casualties, and nature of injuries, and stay on the line.
Hazard Perception and Risk Awareness
Scan 12–15 seconds ahead and check mirrors every 5–8 seconds to spot hazards early.
Risks rise at junctions, bends, hill crests, and near schools; slow down before entering these zones.
Wet or gravelly surfaces, leaves, and painted markings reduce grip; reduce speed before the hazard, not on it.
Watch for 'dooring': parked cars may open doors into the rider's path; leave a door's width of clearance.
A vehicle's indicator does not guarantee its intention; observe wheel movement and body language.
At night, reduce speed so you can stop within the distance illuminated by the headlight.
Larger vehicles have blind spots and wide turning arcs; never ride alongside a turning truck or bus.
Fatigue, alcohol, and distraction are major crash factors; stop and rest when concentration drops.
Road Traffic Law and Regulations (Bulgaria)
Mopeds (up to 50 cc / 45 km/h) require category AM from age 16; category A1 from 16 covers up to 125 cc and 11 kW.
Category A2 (from 18) covers machines up to 35 kW and power-to-weight ratio not above 0.2 kW/kg; category A (from 24, or 20 with 2 years A2) covers unrestricted machines.
Mandatory motorcycle safety equipment: helmet for rider and passenger, functioning lights, two independent brakes, horn, mirror(s), and registration with valid liability insurance.
Riders must carry a valid licence, registration certificate, and insurance certificate; the vehicle must display a valid technical inspection (periodic roadworthiness) sticker.
Blood alcohol limit for drivers and riders in Bulgaria is 0.5 g/l (0.05%); novice and professional drivers are held to 0.0 g/l.
The upper legal speed limit on motorways is 140 km/h; on roads outside built-up areas 90 km/h, and inside built-up areas 50 km/h unless signs state otherwise.
Riders must use dipped headlights at all times while riding, day and night.
Passengers may be carried only where the motorcycle is designed and registered for a pillion seat and the passenger has a proper seat and footrests.
Road Signs and Markings
Priority/regulatory signs are circular: red border with white ground = prohibition/restriction; blue ground = mandatory instruction.
Warning signs are triangular with a red border and white ground; they are placed before the hazard they describe.
Information and direction signs are rectangular or square; blue usually indicates motorway or general information, green indicates main routes.
A solid white edge line marks the road edge; a solid centre line means no crossing, while a broken centre line may be crossed when safe.
A continuous double line (one or both solid) forbids overtaking and crossing; a broken line on the rider's side permits crossing.
Stop sign (octagonal, red) requires a complete stop at the stop line and giving way to traffic on the priority road.
A 'Give Way' sign (inverted triangle) requires yielding without necessarily stopping unless traffic demands it.
Level crossings: a St Andrew's cross without barriers warns of an unguarded crossing; a red flashing light means stop immediately.
Traffic Signals and Right-of-Way
A flashing amber light at a signal means proceed with caution, giving way to traffic already in the junction and to pedestrians.
A red light plus a green arrow pointing in one direction permits movement only in that direction after yielding to other traffic.
At an unmarked intersection, the rider must yield to traffic approaching from the right (priority to the right rule).
When a priority road sign or signal is present, vehicles on that road have priority over entering traffic.
A vehicle turning left must yield to oncoming traffic going straight or turning right.
Entering a roundabout, the rider must give way to traffic already circulating unless signs indicate otherwise.
When an emergency vehicle with active blue lights and siren approaches, the rider must clear the way and, if necessary, stop safely.
At pedestrian crossings, pedestrians have priority once they have stepped onto the crossing; riders must stop and not overtake a vehicle stopped at a crossing.
Safe and Defensive Riding
Maintain a following distance of at least 2 seconds in good conditions and 4 seconds in rain, gravel, or poor visibility.
Always ride in a position visible to other drivers: avoid lingering in blind spots and stay out of the 'no-zone' behind large vehicles.
Use the 'lifesaver' check - a shoulder glance - before changing lanes or turning, in addition to mirrors.
Brake with both brakes, applying front brake progressively; the front provides most stopping power but over-application locks the wheel.
Countersteer for turns above walking pace: push the handlebar in the direction of the turn to lean the bike.
Ride with a lane position that gives an escape route; do not ride beside a vehicle's door zone or directly in its blind spot.
In rain, reduce speed and increase following distance; painted lines, manhole covers, and metal grates become slippery.
Avoid target fixation: look where you want to go, not at the hazard, to steer around it.
Motorcycle Vehicle Knowledge and Maintenance
Check tyre pressure when tyres are cold; low pressure impairs handling, increases wear, and can cause overheating.
Minimum tyre tread depth for motorcycles in Bulgaria is 1 mm across the central three-quarters of the tread.
Check engine oil level with the bike upright on level ground; low oil causes overheating and engine damage.
Chain tension should allow about 20–30 mm of slack at the midpoint; over-tight chains damage bearings and sprockets.
Brake fluid absorbs moisture; replace it every two years or as specified, and never mix DOT types.
The 'T-CLOCS' pre-ride check covers Tyres, Controls, Lights, Oil, Chassis, and Stands.
A worn or glazed front tyre reduces grip in the wet; replace tyres showing cracks, bulges, or exposed cords immediately.
Lights and horn must function; a failed brake light or indicator makes the bike illegal to ride on public roads.
First Aid and Emergency Response
At a crash scene: stop safely, switch on hazard lights, warn oncoming traffic, and call 112 (the EU emergency number).
Do not remove a rider's helmet unless the airway is blocked or breathing has stopped; removing it can worsen spinal injury.
Check responsiveness and breathing; if absent, begin CPR at 100–120 chest compressions per minute, about 5–6 cm deep.
Use the DR ABC sequence: Danger, Response, Airway, Breathing, Circulation.
Control severe bleeding with direct pressure using a clean cloth; do not remove an object embedded in a wound.
Treat for shock by keeping the casualty warm and lying down; do not give food or drink.
For suspected spinal injury, keep the casualty still and support the head until emergency services arrive.
Give the emergency operator the location, number of casualties, and nature of injuries, and stay on the line.
Hazard Perception and Risk Awareness
Scan 12–15 seconds ahead and check mirrors every 5–8 seconds to spot hazards early.
Risks rise at junctions, bends, hill crests, and near schools; slow down before entering these zones.
Wet or gravelly surfaces, leaves, and painted markings reduce grip; reduce speed before the hazard, not on it.
Watch for 'dooring': parked cars may open doors into the rider's path; leave a door's width of clearance.
A vehicle's indicator does not guarantee its intention; observe wheel movement and body language.
At night, reduce speed so you can stop within the distance illuminated by the headlight.
Larger vehicles have blind spots and wide turning arcs; never ride alongside a turning truck or bus.
Fatigue, alcohol, and distraction are major crash factors; stop and rest when concentration drops.
Road Traffic Law and Regulations (Bulgaria)
Mopeds (up to 50 cc / 45 km/h) require category AM from age 16; category A1 from 16 covers up to 125 cc and 11 kW.
Category A2 (from 18) covers machines up to 35 kW and power-to-weight ratio not above 0.2 kW/kg; category A (from 24, or 20 with 2 years A2) covers unrestricted machines.
Mandatory motorcycle safety equipment: helmet for rider and passenger, functioning lights, two independent brakes, horn, mirror(s), and registration with valid liability insurance.
Riders must carry a valid licence, registration certificate, and insurance certificate; the vehicle must display a valid technical inspection (periodic roadworthiness) sticker.
Blood alcohol limit for drivers and riders in Bulgaria is 0.5 g/l (0.05%); novice and professional drivers are held to 0.0 g/l.
The upper legal speed limit on motorways is 140 km/h; on roads outside built-up areas 90 km/h, and inside built-up areas 50 km/h unless signs state otherwise.
Riders must use dipped headlights at all times while riding, day and night.
Passengers may be carried only where the motorcycle is designed and registered for a pillion seat and the passenger has a proper seat and footrests.
Road Signs and Markings
Priority/regulatory signs are circular: red border with white ground = prohibition/restriction; blue ground = mandatory instruction.
Warning signs are triangular with a red border and white ground; they are placed before the hazard they describe.
Information and direction signs are rectangular or square; blue usually indicates motorway or general information, green indicates main routes.
A solid white edge line marks the road edge; a solid centre line means no crossing, while a broken centre line may be crossed when safe.
A continuous double line (one or both solid) forbids overtaking and crossing; a broken line on the rider's side permits crossing.
Stop sign (octagonal, red) requires a complete stop at the stop line and giving way to traffic on the priority road.
A 'Give Way' sign (inverted triangle) requires yielding without necessarily stopping unless traffic demands it.
Level crossings: a St Andrew's cross without barriers warns of an unguarded crossing; a red flashing light means stop immediately.
Traffic Signals and Right-of-Way
A flashing amber light at a signal means proceed with caution, giving way to traffic already in the junction and to pedestrians.
A red light plus a green arrow pointing in one direction permits movement only in that direction after yielding to other traffic.
At an unmarked intersection, the rider must yield to traffic approaching from the right (priority to the right rule).
When a priority road sign or signal is present, vehicles on that road have priority over entering traffic.
A vehicle turning left must yield to oncoming traffic going straight or turning right.
Entering a roundabout, the rider must give way to traffic already circulating unless signs indicate otherwise.
When an emergency vehicle with active blue lights and siren approaches, the rider must clear the way and, if necessary, stop safely.
At pedestrian crossings, pedestrians have priority once they have stepped onto the crossing; riders must stop and not overtake a vehicle stopped at a crossing.
Safe and Defensive Riding
Maintain a following distance of at least 2 seconds in good conditions and 4 seconds in rain, gravel, or poor visibility.
Always ride in a position visible to other drivers: avoid lingering in blind spots and stay out of the 'no-zone' behind large vehicles.
Use the 'lifesaver' check - a shoulder glance - before changing lanes or turning, in addition to mirrors.
Brake with both brakes, applying front brake progressively; the front provides most stopping power but over-application locks the wheel.
Countersteer for turns above walking pace: push the handlebar in the direction of the turn to lean the bike.
Ride with a lane position that gives an escape route; do not ride beside a vehicle's door zone or directly in its blind spot.
In rain, reduce speed and increase following distance; painted lines, manhole covers, and metal grates become slippery.
Avoid target fixation: look where you want to go, not at the hazard, to steer around it.
Motorcycle Vehicle Knowledge and Maintenance
Check tyre pressure when tyres are cold; low pressure impairs handling, increases wear, and can cause overheating.
Minimum tyre tread depth for motorcycles in Bulgaria is 1 mm across the central three-quarters of the tread.
Check engine oil level with the bike upright on level ground; low oil causes overheating and engine damage.
Chain tension should allow about 20–30 mm of slack at the midpoint; over-tight chains damage bearings and sprockets.
Brake fluid absorbs moisture; replace it every two years or as specified, and never mix DOT types.
The 'T-CLOCS' pre-ride check covers Tyres, Controls, Lights, Oil, Chassis, and Stands.
A worn or glazed front tyre reduces grip in the wet; replace tyres showing cracks, bulges, or exposed cords immediately.
Lights and horn must function; a failed brake light or indicator makes the bike illegal to ride on public roads.
First Aid and Emergency Response
At a crash scene: stop safely, switch on hazard lights, warn oncoming traffic, and call 112 (the EU emergency number).
Do not remove a rider's helmet unless the airway is blocked or breathing has stopped; removing it can worsen spinal injury.
Check responsiveness and breathing; if absent, begin CPR at 100–120 chest compressions per minute, about 5–6 cm deep.
Use the DR ABC sequence: Danger, Response, Airway, Breathing, Circulation.
Control severe bleeding with direct pressure using a clean cloth; do not remove an object embedded in a wound.
Treat for shock by keeping the casualty warm and lying down; do not give food or drink.
For suspected spinal injury, keep the casualty still and support the head until emergency services arrive.
Give the emergency operator the location, number of casualties, and nature of injuries, and stay on the line.
Hazard Perception and Risk Awareness
Scan 12–15 seconds ahead and check mirrors every 5–8 seconds to spot hazards early.
Risks rise at junctions, bends, hill crests, and near schools; slow down before entering these zones.
Wet or gravelly surfaces, leaves, and painted markings reduce grip; reduce speed before the hazard, not on it.
Watch for 'dooring': parked cars may open doors into the rider's path; leave a door's width of clearance.
A vehicle's indicator does not guarantee its intention; observe wheel movement and body language.
At night, reduce speed so you can stop within the distance illuminated by the headlight.
Larger vehicles have blind spots and wide turning arcs; never ride alongside a turning truck or bus.
Fatigue, alcohol, and distraction are major crash factors; stop and rest when concentration drops.