Bulgaria Theory Test A key terms

The part of the road built for vehicle traffic, excluding pavements, shoulders and cycle tracks. Its width and lane layout determine where a rider may legally position the motorcycle.

A longitudinal strip of the carriageway marked or wide enough for a single line of vehicles. Riders normally travel in the rightmost lane unless overtaking or turning.

A road whose users may pass through intersections before traffic from joining roads. It is indicated by priority signs or by the general rule for main roads.

An intersection of roads of equal rank with no priority signs. The general right-hand rule applies, so a rider must yield to vehicles approaching from the right.

Giving way to other road users who have the right to proceed first. It requires slowing or stopping so that no one is forced to change speed or direction.

A triangular warning sign with a red border reading 'STOP' style yield, meaning the driver must give way to traffic on the priority road at the coming junction.

An octagonal red sign requiring a complete stop at the marked line or before the junction, followed by yielding to all cross traffic before moving off.

A solid transverse line on the carriageway marking where vehicles must halt at a stop sign or traffic light. Stopping beyond it can obstruct pedestrians or cross traffic.

Painted lines, arrows and symbols on the road surface that guide and regulate traffic. Continuous lines restrict crossing, while broken lines permit it when safe.

A fixed plate using shape, colour and symbols to warn, regulate or inform road users. Warning triangles, regulatory circles and information rectangles each carry different legal force.

An electrically operated signal controlling traffic flow through colour. A flashing amber means proceed with caution, while a red light requires a full stop before the line.

A uniformed officer directing traffic with hand and arm signals. Their instructions override traffic lights, road signs and markings, so riders must obey them immediately.

A police officer authorised to control traffic, check documents and stop vehicles. Riders must stop when signalled and present licence, registration and insurance documents.

Overtaking another moving vehicle by passing alongside and ahead of it. It is allowed only when the road ahead is clear, markings permit and no one is already overtaking.

Passing an oncoming vehicle travelling in the opposite direction. Riders should keep a safe lateral gap and be ready for the other driver drifting towards the centre line.

The gap kept behind the vehicle ahead, allowing time to stop if it brakes suddenly. It should grow with speed and in rain, gravel or poor visibility.

The distance a motorcycle travels from the moment the brakes are applied until it stops. It lengthens on wet or loose surfaces and with worn tyres or overloaded luggage.

The combined front and rear brakes that slow and stop the motorcycle. Front brakes give most stopping power, so both should be applied progressively together.

An anti-lock braking system that rapidly releases and reapplies brake pressure to prevent wheel lock-up. It helps keep steering control during hard braking on slippery roads.

Loss of rotation when braking or accelerating too sharply, causing the tyre to skid. On the front wheel it destroys balance and steering, often leading to a fall.

The lever or pedal that connects and disconnects engine power from the gearbox. Smooth release from standstill prevents stalling and keeps the motorcycle stable in traffic.

The gearbox ratios selected to match engine speed to road speed. Low gears give pulling power for hills and slow traffic; higher gears reduce engine wear at cruising speed.

The drive chain transferring engine power to the rear wheel. It needs correct slack, lubrication and tension, since a loose or dry chain can snap or derail while riding.

The tyres whose tread and pressure determine grip and stability. Worn tread, low pressure or cracks reduce braking and cornering ability, especially on wet roads.

The friction between tyre and road surface that allows braking, accelerating and turning. It is reduced by rain, mud, painted lines, tram rails and cold temperatures.

Loss of tyre contact with the road when a layer of water builds under the tread. Grip and braking disappear, so riders should slow down and avoid standing water.

The area around a vehicle that the driver cannot see in mirrors. Riders should avoid lingering beside lorries and buses, where they can disappear from view entirely.

Systematic scanning of the road ahead, mirrors and blind spots before changing position or speed. Frequent checks let a rider spot hazards early and act smoothly.

A change of direction at a bend or junction. Riders should slow before the curve, look through it and lean smoothly, avoiding braking hard while leaned over.

Leaning the motorcycle into a curve to balance centrifugal force. The lean angle must match speed; braking or accelerating mid-corner upsets balance and reduces grip.

The protective helmet legally required for motorcycle riders and passengers. It must fit firmly, be fastened, and show no cracks, since it is the main protection against head injury.

Jacket, gloves, trousers and boots made to resist abrasion and impact. Bright or reflective materials also make the rider easier to see in traffic and at night.

The headlamp, tail lamp, brake light and indicators that make the motorcycle visible and announce intentions. A burned-out bulb must be replaced before riding.

Low-intensity lamps showing the vehicle's position and width at night or in poor visibility. They must operate together with the rear registration lamp.

The plate identifying the motorcycle and linking it to its registration documents and insurance. It must be fitted, clean and legible at the rear of the vehicle.

A crash on a public road involving at least one moving vehicle that causes injury, death or property damage. Those involved must stop, help and notify the police.

Immediate basic care given to an injured person before professional help arrives. It includes securing the scene, checking breathing, stopping bleeding and keeping the casualty warm.

The single emergency number in Bulgaria and across the European Union. Callers should give the location, number of casualties and hazards clearly and follow the operator's instructions.