Bulgaria Theory Test AM cheat sheet

Bulgaria drives on the right; overtaking is normally performed on the left of the vehicle being passed.

General urban speed limit is 50 km/h unless signs state otherwise; motorway limit is 140 km/h and outside built-up areas 90 km/h.

At an unregulated intersection the vehicle approaching from the right has priority (rule of the right).

A roundabout entry is normally marked with give-way; vehicles already circulating have priority unless signs or markings indicate otherwise.

Safety distance rule: keep at least a 2-second gap in dry conditions and double it (about 4 seconds) on wet or slippery roads.

Seat belts are mandatory for the driver and all passengers where fitted; children under 150 cm must use an appropriate restraint system.

A moped rider must be at least 16 years old and hold an AM-category licence; a helmet is compulsory for rider and passenger.

Stopping and parking are prohibited within 5 m of a pedestrian crossing and within 5 m of an intersection on the approach side.

Red-bordered triangles are warning signs; red-bordered circles are prohibitions; blue circles are mandatory instructions.

Square or rectangular blue and green signs are informational; green is used for motorways and expressways.

A solid continuous white line must not be crossed or straddled; a broken line may be crossed when safe and permitted.

A yellow zigzag or yellow kerb marking indicates a bus stop or restricted stopping zone where parking is prohibited.

Traffic light sequence is red, red plus amber, green, amber, red; flashing amber means proceed with caution.

A traffic controller's signals override traffic lights, and traffic lights override priority signs and road markings.

A stop sign (octagon) requires a complete stop at the stop line even when the road appears clear.

Zebra crossing markings give pedestrians priority once they have stepped onto or are clearly about to enter the crossing.

Braking distance grows with the square of speed: doubling speed roughly quadruples the stopping distance.

Total stopping distance equals reaction distance plus braking distance; reaction time is typically about 1 second.

In fog, use dipped headlights or fog lamps; do not use rear fog lamps unless visibility is below about 50 m.

Aquaplaning risk rises above roughly 80 km/h on standing water; ease off the throttle and avoid sudden braking.

On ice, steering and braking inputs must be smooth; engine braking and gentle deceleration reduce skidding.

Blind spots must be checked by shoulder glance before changing lanes, because mirrors do not cover all areas.

Riding in the centre of a lane behind a large vehicle hides you from its mirrors; position to be visible.

Alcohol, fatigue and mobile phone use are the main causes of serious single-vehicle crashes; any alcohol impairs reaction time.

Minimum tyre tread depth for mopeds is 1 mm; tyres must be free of cuts, bulges and exposed cords.

Tyre pressure must be checked cold and set to the manufacturer's specification; under-inflation increases heat and wear.

Mopeds must have a functioning front and rear brake, a horn, a speedometer and a rear red reflector.

Lighting requirement: white front light, red rear light, red rear reflector and a red stop lamp where fitted.

A moped's design speed must not exceed 45 km/h and engine capacity must not exceed 50 cc (or 4 kW for electric).

Brake fluid level and brake lever travel should be checked before riding; a spongy lever indicates air in the system.

A helmet must be the correct size, fastened, and undamaged; a helmet involved in a crash should be replaced.

Chain slack, sprocket wear and wheel bearings should be inspected regularly; a loose chain can lock the rear wheel.

First actions at a crash scene: stop safely, switch on hazard lights, warn other traffic, then call emergency number 112.

Do not move an injured person unless there is immediate danger such as fire or oncoming traffic.

Severe bleeding is controlled by direct pressure on the wound, using a clean dressing or cloth.

An unconscious but breathing casualty is placed in the recovery position and monitored continuously.

If breathing has stopped, begin chest compressions at about 100-120 per minute, 5-6 cm deep, and use an AED if available.

Do not give food or drink to an injured person; it may complicate treatment or cause choking.

A helmet should be removed only by trained rescuers, and only if the airway is at risk.

Give the emergency operator the exact location, number of casualties and visible injuries, and stay on the line.

AM category covers two-wheel mopeds up to 50 cc / 45 km/h and light quadricycles up to 425 kg and 45 km/h.

Mopeds must ride as far to the right of the carriageway as practicable, except when turning left or overtaking.

Mopeds are prohibited from motorways and from roads marked with a sign banning low-speed or slow vehicles.

A passenger may be carried only if the moped has a proper seat and footrests and the rider holds the required licence.

Towing or being towed by a moped is prohibited; loads must not exceed the manufacturer's limits or obstruct lights.

Light quadricycles require seat belts for occupants and must not carry more passengers than registered seats.

Moped riders must not ride abreast; single-file riding is required on public roads.

A moped must not be ridden on pavements, pedestrian zones or cycle paths unless an explicit sign permits it.

Smooth acceleration and early upshifting reduce fuel consumption and emissions compared with hard acceleration.

Engine idling wastes fuel; switch off the engine during longer stops where it is safe to do so.

Correct tyre pressure lowers rolling resistance and reduces fuel use; under-inflated tyres increase consumption.

Anticipatory riding, using engine braking and avoiding late braking, reduces both fuel use and brake wear.

A poorly maintained engine, dirty air filter or worn spark plug raises fuel consumption and exhaust emissions.

Excess load and unnecessary accessories increase aerodynamic drag and weight, raising fuel consumption.

Two-stroke mopeds need correct oil mixture; wrong mixture increases smoke and harmful emissions.

Avoid spilling fuel when refuelling and never drain fluids onto the road; they pollute soil and water.

A moped rider must carry a valid AM licence, vehicle registration document and proof of compulsory third-party insurance.

Compulsory motor third-party liability insurance (GO) is required before the vehicle is used on public roads.

The vehicle registration certificate must be updated after a change of owner within the statutory period.

A periodic technical inspection (GTI) is required at the prescribed interval; riding without a valid inspection is an offence.

Driving without a licence or while disqualified carries fines and possible vehicle seizure.

Exceeding the permitted blood-alcohol level leads to fines, licence withdrawal and, for high levels, criminal liability.

Points are recorded for traffic offences; accumulating points can lead to suspension of the driving licence.

A police officer may require documents, a breath test and a technical check; refusing a breath test has legal consequences.