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DGAC Bolivia Commercial Pilot (PCA) study materials
DGAC Bolivia Commercial Pilot (PCA) study resources

DGAC Bolivia Commercial Pilot (PCA) practice questions

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Question 1Air Law and DGAC Regulations

Under Bolivian civil aviation regulations, which authority is responsible for issuing and renewing Commercial Pilot Licenses?

  1. The national airport operator (SABSA)
  2. The Ministry of National Defense
  3. The airline operators' association
  4. The Dirección General de Aeronáutica Civil (DGAC) Correct answer.

Explanation

In Bolivia the DGAC is the civil aviation authority that administers licensing, certification and oversight of aviation personnel under the national aviation law and its RAB regulations. Other bodies such as the airport operator or airlines have operational roles but no licensing power.

Question 2Air Law and DGAC Regulations

A commercial pilot in Bolivia must hold a valid medical certificate. Which class is generally required to exercise the privileges of a commercial pilot license?

  1. Class 3
  2. Class 2
  3. Class 1 Correct answer.
  4. No medical certificate is required for commercial pilots

Explanation

Commercial pilot privileges require the highest medical standard, the Class 1 medical certificate, which is renewed at shorter intervals than lower classes. Class 2 applies to private pilot privileges and Class 3 is not a pilot medical class in this framework.

Question 3Air Law and DGAC Regulations

What is the primary purpose of the RAB (Regulaciones Aeronáuticas Bolivianas) issued by the DGAC?

  1. To negotiate bilateral air service agreements
  2. To establish technical and operational rules aligned with ICAO standards Correct answer.
  3. To manage airport concession contracts
  4. To set airline ticket prices

Explanation

The RAB are the national aviation regulations that translate ICAO Annex standards into Bolivian requirements for operations, licensing, airworthiness and safety oversight. They are technical rules, not commercial or contractual instruments.

Question 4Air Law and DGAC Regulations

Before operating a flight, a commercial pilot is responsible for ensuring that the aircraft documents on board include which of the following?

  1. The company's marketing brochure
  2. The certificate of airworthiness and certificate of registration Correct answer.
  3. The pilot's employment contract
  4. The aircraft maintenance invoices

Explanation

The certificate of registration and the certificate of airworthiness are mandatory on-board documents that prove the aircraft is legally registered and airworthy. Commercial or employment paperwork is unrelated to operational document requirements.

Question 5Air Law and DGAC Regulations

A pilot is unsure whether a specific DGAC regulation applies to a planned charter flight. What is the most appropriate first action?

  1. Consult the applicable RAB and, if needed, request guidance from the DGAC before flight Correct answer.
  2. Proceed with the flight and clarify later
  3. Rely on the practice of another operator without verification
  4. Ask a passenger to interpret the rule

Explanation

Regulatory compliance requires the pilot to consult the current RAB and, when ambiguity remains, obtain guidance from the DGAC before operating. Operating first and clarifying later exposes the pilot and operator to enforcement action and safety risk.

Question 6Air Law and DGAC Regulations

A commercial pilot's Class 1 medical certificate has expired while he is away from his base. What is the correct course of action?

  1. Suspend exercising commercial privileges until the certificate is renewed Correct answer.
  2. Exercise only private pilot privileges if a valid Class 2 remains
  3. Ask the operator to extend the certificate
  4. Continue flying until the next scheduled renewal

Explanation

Commercial privileges depend on a valid Class 1 medical certificate; once it expires the pilot may not exercise those privileges until renewal is completed. Operators cannot extend a medical certificate, and neither can the pilot self-authorize continued flight.

Question 7Air Law and DGAC Regulations

Which document establishes the international standards and recommended practices that Bolivian aviation regulations are largely based on?

  1. The Geneva Convention on the high seas
  2. The Montreal Protocol on ozone
  3. The Chicago Convention and its ICAO Annexes Correct answer.
  4. The Warsaw Convention on liability

Explanation

The Convention on International Civil Aviation (Chicago Convention) and its ICAO Annexes provide the international framework of standards and recommended practices that national regulations such as the RAB implement. The other treaties address liability, environmental matters or maritime law.

Question 8Air Law and DGAC Regulations

A commercial pilot plans to fly an aircraft whose annual maintenance check is overdue. Under DGAC regulations, what should the pilot do?

  1. Refuse the flight until the aircraft is returned to an airworthy status Correct answer.
  2. Reduce the aircraft's payload and proceed
  3. Fly only with passengers who sign a waiver
  4. Fly the aircraft if the flight is short

Explanation

An aircraft with overdue mandatory maintenance is not in a condition for safe operation, and the pilot in command has the authority and duty to refuse the flight. Payload reduction or passenger waivers cannot substitute for required maintenance compliance.

Question 9Air Law and DGAC Regulations

What is the role of the pilot in command regarding the authority over the aircraft during flight?

  1. The senior passenger may override decisions in an emergency
  2. The pilot in command has final authority over the operation of the aircraft Correct answer.
  3. The pilot in command shares final authority with the cabin crew
  4. The operator's dispatcher holds final authority in flight

Explanation

Aviation law assigns final authority and responsibility for the aircraft to the pilot in command, who may take any action necessary in an emergency. Cabin crew, dispatchers and passengers do not hold this final authority in flight.

Question 10Air Law and DGAC Regulations

A commercial pilot is offered a flight that would exceed the maximum duty period allowed by DGAC flight time limitations. What is the appropriate response?

  1. Accept and log the extra hours later
  2. Accept if the crew agrees among themselves
  3. Decline, because flight time limitations are mandatory safety rules Correct answer.
  4. Accept, since the operator requested it

Explanation

Flight and duty time limitations are mandatory safety provisions designed to prevent fatigue; they cannot be waived by agreement between the operator and crew. The pilot must decline the assignment or ensure it is restructured to comply.

Question 11Air Law and DGAC Regulations

Which of the following best describes the requirement for a commercial pilot to maintain a personal flight logbook?

  1. Logging is optional and only for personal interest
  2. Logging is required to record flight experience and demonstrate recency and eligibility Correct answer.
  3. Logging is only required for international flights
  4. Logging is the exclusive responsibility of the operator, not the pilot

Explanation

Pilots must keep accurate records of their flight experience because these records demonstrate recency, currency and eligibility for licenses and ratings. Without reliable logging, a pilot cannot substantiate the experience required by the DGAC.

Question 12Air Law and DGAC Regulations

A pilot's license shows a specific aircraft type rating. What does this rating authorize?

  1. Operation of the aircraft only as copilot
  2. Operation of any aircraft in the same category
  3. Operation of the specific type for which the rating was issued Correct answer.
  4. Operation of aircraft only in domestic airspace

Explanation

A type rating authorizes the pilot to act as pilot on the specific aircraft type for which training and checking were completed. It does not extend to other types within the same category without separate qualification.

Question 13Air Law and DGAC Regulations

During a ramp inspection, an inspector requests the pilot's license and medical certificate. What is the pilot's obligation?

  1. Present them only if the operator authorizes it
  2. Present the documents as required by regulation Correct answer.
  3. Present them only after the flight is completed
  4. Refuse, because the documents are private

Explanation

Pilots are required to carry and present their license and medical certificate when requested by an authorized inspector. Refusal or delay can constitute a regulatory violation and may lead to enforcement action.

Question 14Air Law and DGAC Regulations

An operator proposes a flight into an aerodrome that lacks published instrument approach procedures and the weather is below visual minima. How should the pilot in command respond?

  1. Proceed if the copilot agrees
  2. Proceed using a self-designed approach
  3. Do not conduct the approach, since no authorized procedure exists Correct answer.
  4. Proceed using GPS direct-to guidance only

Explanation

Instrument approaches must be conducted using authorized and published procedures; a self-designed approach is not permitted. If weather does not permit a visual approach and no authorized instrument procedure exists, the flight cannot safely or legally proceed.

Question 15Air Law and DGAC Regulations

Which of the following is a responsibility of the DGAC in relation to aviation safety oversight?

  1. Conducting airline marketing campaigns
  2. Setting passenger ticket taxes
  3. Operating the national airline
  4. Issuing air operator certificates and conducting surveillance Correct answer.

Explanation

The DGAC issues air operator certificates and performs surveillance and inspections to ensure continued compliance with safety regulations. Commercial, fiscal and operational airline functions are outside its regulatory mandate.

Question 16Air Law and DGAC Regulations

A commercial pilot is asked to carry a passenger who appears intoxicated and disruptive before boarding. What is the pilot's most appropriate action?

  1. Refuse carriage, as the pilot is responsible for safety and order on board Correct answer.
  2. Board the passenger and warn the cabin crew
  3. Board the passenger but seat them at the rear
  4. Board the passenger if they pay an extra fee

Explanation

The pilot in command is responsible for the safety and good order of the flight and may refuse to carry a passenger whose condition poses a risk. Seating location or extra payment does not remove that safety risk.

Question 17Air Law and DGAC Regulations

What does the term 'recency' mean in relation to pilot licensing requirements?

  1. The pilot has performed the required recent takeoffs, landings or experience within a defined period Correct answer.
  2. The pilot recently changed employers
  3. The pilot's license was recently printed
  4. The pilot has recently completed a type rating

Explanation

Recency requirements specify that a pilot must have performed certain maneuvers or accumulated experience within a defined preceding period to carry passengers. It is a currency condition tied to recent flight experience, not to paperwork or employment.

Question 18Air Law and DGAC Regulations

An accident occurs during a commercial flight. Under DGAC regulations, which of the following is a pilot's immediate obligation?

  1. Wait for the operator to file all reports
  2. Report the accident to the appropriate authority as soon as practicable Correct answer.
  3. Notify the media before notifying authorities
  4. Discuss the accident only with the passengers

Explanation

Accident notification to the competent authority must be made promptly so that investigation and safety actions can begin. Media communication and internal discussion do not replace the formal reporting obligation.

Question 19Air Law and DGAC Regulations

Which of the following statements correctly describes the relationship between a commercial pilot license and the privileges to fly for compensation?

  1. A commercial pilot license authorizes flight for compensation or hire within its ratings and limitations Correct answer.
  2. Compensation is allowed only on international flights
  3. A commercial license authorizes any aircraft without ratings
  4. Any private pilot may carry passengers for compensation

Explanation

The commercial pilot license is the credential that permits flying for compensation or hire, always subject to the ratings, limitations and currency requirements attached to it. A private license does not allow such operations, and no license removes the need for appropriate ratings.

Question 20Air Law and DGAC Regulations

A pilot discovers that a required navigation database is out of date for the planned route. What is the correct regulatory approach?

  1. Ask air traffic control to supply the missing data
  2. Rely on memory for the affected waypoints
  3. Verify that the operation is permitted with current data or postpone until the database is updated Correct answer.
  4. Use the outdated database and note it in the logbook

Explanation

Navigation databases must be current for the procedures to be used; if the data is out of date, the pilot must either confirm that the operation can be conducted with valid current information or delay the flight. Memory or controller-supplied data is not an acceptable substitute for required navigation data.

Question 21Air Law and DGAC Regulations

What is the significance of the Certificate of Airworthiness (C of A) for a commercial operation?

  1. It authorizes the airline to sell tickets
  2. It records the aircraft's fuel consumption
  3. It confirms the aircraft meets the applicable airworthiness requirements Correct answer.
  4. It certifies the pilot's competence

Explanation

The certificate of airworthiness confirms that the aircraft conforms to its approved type design and is maintained in an airworthy condition. It does not certify pilot competence or grant commercial operating authority.

Question 22Air Law and DGAC Regulations

A pilot is offered a flight that would require landing at an aerodrome where the runway length is shorter than the aircraft's required landing distance. What is the appropriate decision?

  1. Reject the flight, as the required landing distance must be available Correct answer.
  2. Land with a tailwind to reduce ground speed
  3. Land long to use less runway
  4. Accept the flight if the aircraft is light

Explanation

Regulations require that the available landing distance at the destination be sufficient for the aircraft's computed landing distance under the expected conditions. Operating into a runway that is too short compromises safety margins and is not permitted.

Question 23Air Law and DGAC Regulations

Which of the following pieces of personal equipment is generally required for a commercial pilot during flight operations?

  1. A personal laptop
  2. A spare uniform
  3. A current aeronautical chart and appropriate headset Correct answer.
  4. A company credit card

Explanation

Pilots must carry the current charts and navigation materials needed for the route, along with equipment such as a headset for communication. Personal financial or administrative items are not regulatory flight requirements.

Question 24Air Law and DGAC Regulations

A commercial pilot is asked to operate an aircraft with a known defect that is not covered by an approved minimum equipment list (MEL). What should the pilot do?

  1. Do not operate until the defect is rectified or covered by an approved deferral Correct answer.
  2. Operate and report the defect after landing
  3. Operate only at reduced altitude
  4. Operate with the defect if it is minor

Explanation

A defect not covered by an approved MEL or deferral means the aircraft does not meet the required airworthiness condition for dispatch. The pilot must not operate until the item is repaired or properly deferred under an approved procedure.

Question 25Aircraft General Knowledge (Airframes, Systems, Powerplants)

In a four-stroke reciprocating engine, during which stroke does the intake valve normally close?

  1. At the end of the power stroke, before exhaust opens
  2. At the start of the intake stroke, at top dead center
  3. At the end of the intake stroke, slightly after bottom dead center Correct answer.
  4. During the middle of the compression stroke

Explanation

The intake valve opens near top dead center and stays open through the intake stroke, closing shortly after bottom dead center to take advantage of intake momentum. This late closing improves volumetric efficiency. The valve is not open during compression or power in normal operation.

Question 26Aircraft General Knowledge (Airframes, Systems, Powerplants)

The purpose of the magneto in a spark-ignition aircraft engine is to:

  1. Generate a high-voltage pulse for the spark plugs without relying on the aircraft battery Correct answer.
  2. Drive the propeller governor oil pump
  3. Regulate the fuel-air mixture entering the cylinders
  4. Convert alternating current from the alternator into direct current

Explanation

A magneto is a self-contained generator that uses rotating magnets and a coil to produce the high voltage needed at the spark plugs. Because it is independent of the aircraft electrical system, ignition continues even if the battery or alternator fails. It plays no role in mixture control or propeller governing.

Question 27Aircraft General Knowledge (Airframes, Systems, Powerplants)

An aircraft equipped with a constant-speed propeller is cruising when the pilot pushes the throttle forward without changing the propeller control. What happens to the blade angle?

  1. It reverses to provide braking
  2. It decreases to let the engine speed rise freely
  3. It increases to absorb the extra power and hold rpm constant Correct answer.
  4. It stays exactly the same because blade angle is fixed mechanically

Explanation

The governor senses a tendency for rpm to rise as power increases and increases blade angle to load the engine more heavily. This keeps engine speed at the selected value. Blade angle changes only when the governor commands it or when the control is moved.

Question 28Aircraft General Knowledge (Airframes, Systems, Powerplants)

Which statement best describes the function of the empennage?

  1. It provides longitudinal and directional stability and carries the pitch and yaw control surfaces Correct answer.
  2. It supports the engines and absorbs all landing loads
  3. It houses the fuel tanks and the main landing gear
  4. It provides the primary lift for the aircraft

Explanation

The empennage consists of the horizontal and vertical stabilizers plus the elevators and rudder. These surfaces give stability about the pitch and yaw axes and provide control inputs. Lift is generated mainly by the wing, and landing loads are carried by the fuselage and gear structure.

Question 29Aircraft General Knowledge (Airframes, Systems, Powerplants)

A semi-monocoque fuselage resists bending and torsion mainly because:

  1. The structure relies on diagonal wire bracing only
  2. Internal pressure alone provides the stiffness
  3. The skin is unstiffened and carries only shear
  4. The skin is reinforced by stringers and frames attached to it Correct answer.

Explanation

In semi-monocoque construction the skin carries part of the load, and stringers and frames stiffen it and redistribute stresses. This combination gives a high strength-to-weight ratio. A pure monocoque relies on the skin alone, while a truss relies on a framework of members.

Question 30Aircraft General Knowledge (Airframes, Systems, Powerplants)

The primary purpose of the vertical stabilizer is to:

  1. Provide stability about the lateral (pitch) axis
  2. Generate most of the aircraft's lift
  3. House the pitch trim system
  4. Provide stability about the vertical (yaw) axis Correct answer.

Explanation

The vertical stabilizer produces a restoring moment when the aircraft yaws, giving directional stability. Pitch stability is provided by the horizontal stabilizer. Lift is produced by the wing, and trim systems are auxiliary devices mounted on the control surfaces.

Question 31Aircraft General Knowledge (Airframes, Systems, Powerplants)

During a preflight inspection a pilot finds that the ailerons move in the same direction when the control wheel is turned. What is the correct interpretation?

  1. This is acceptable if the rudder moves freely
  2. The control rigging is incorrect and the aircraft must not be flown Correct answer.
  3. This indicates the trim tab is out of adjustment only
  4. This is normal because ailerons always move together

Explanation

Ailerons must move in opposite directions so that one wing's lift increases while the other decreases, producing roll. If they move together, the aircraft cannot be rolled normally and control rigging is suspect. Such a defect makes the aircraft unairworthy until corrected.

Question 32Aircraft General Knowledge (Airframes, Systems, Powerplants)

In a hydraulically powered flight control system, the purpose of the accumulator is to:

  1. Store pressurized fluid to smooth demand peaks and provide a reserve Correct answer.
  2. Filter contaminants from the return line
  3. Cool the hydraulic fluid during extended operation
  4. Convert hydraulic pressure into electrical signals

Explanation

An accumulator contains a gas-charged chamber that stores hydraulic energy. It absorbs surges when actuators demand high flow and supplies pressure briefly if the pump fails. Filtration and cooling are handled by other components.

Question 33Aircraft General Knowledge (Airframes, Systems, Powerplants)

A pilot notices that hydraulic system pressure drops slowly when the engine is at idle but returns to normal at higher power. Which explanation is most plausible?

  1. The engine-driven pump output is flow-dependent on engine speed Correct answer.
  2. The accumulator has been removed from the system
  3. The fluid is contaminated with water
  4. The system relief valve is stuck open

Explanation

Most engine-driven hydraulic pumps are positive-displacement pumps whose output rises with engine speed. At low rpm the pump may not keep up with leakage or demand, so pressure sags. A stuck relief valve or missing accumulator would cause problems at all power settings.

Question 34Aircraft General Knowledge (Airframes, Systems, Powerplants)

The main advantage of a turbofan engine over a pure turbojet in commercial transport aircraft is:

  1. A simpler design with fewer moving parts
  2. A higher exhaust gas temperature limit
  3. Higher propulsive efficiency at moderate speeds because a large mass of air is accelerated slightly Correct answer.
  4. Elimination of the need for a compressor

Explanation

A turbofan accelerates a large mass of air to a moderate velocity through the fan, which is more efficient than accelerating a small mass to a very high velocity as a turbojet does. This yields better fuel consumption and lower noise. All gas turbine engines still require a compressor.

Question 35Aircraft General Knowledge (Airframes, Systems, Powerplants)

In a gas turbine engine, the function of the turbine section is to:

  1. Mix fuel with air before ignition
  2. Extract energy from the hot gases to drive the compressor and accessories Correct answer.
  3. Compress the incoming air before combustion
  4. Direct the exhaust rearward to produce thrust

Explanation

The turbine converts some of the energy of the combustion gases into shaft work. That work drives the compressor and accessories, and in a turboprop or turboshaft also the propeller or rotor. Compression, fuel metering, and exhaust are handled by other sections.

Question 36Aircraft General Knowledge (Airframes, Systems, Powerplants)

What is the primary purpose of the compressor bleed air system on a turbine-powered aircraft?

  1. To increase fuel flow to the combustor
  2. To drive the propeller governor
  3. To reduce turbine inlet temperature
  4. To supply air for cabin pressurization, anti-icing, and engine starting Correct answer.

Explanation

Bleed air is taken from the compressor and used for environmental control, anti-ice protection, and pneumatic starting. Using bleed air reduces engine power slightly, which is why it must be managed during critical phases. It does not meter fuel or directly control turbine temperature.

Question 37Aircraft General Knowledge (Airframes, Systems, Powerplants)

A pilot observes that the fuel pressure warning light illuminates during climb with the fuel selector on the fuller tank. Which action is the most appropriate first step?

  1. Reduce power and declare an emergency immediately
  2. Shut down the engine and restart it
  3. Continue the climb and monitor the light
  4. Select the other tank and turn on the auxiliary fuel pump as directed by the checklist Correct answer.

Explanation

Fuel pressure loss in climb often results from a tank running dry or a failing pump. Switching tanks and engaging the auxiliary pump restores supply if the cause is fuel starvation. Continuing to climb risks engine stoppage, and a restart is unnecessary if pressure can be restored.

Question 38Aircraft General Knowledge (Airframes, Systems, Powerplants)

The function of a fuel injector servo in a reciprocating engine is to:

  1. Store fuel for use during inverted flight
  2. Meter fuel in proportion to airflow and deliver it to the cylinders Correct answer.
  3. Ignite the fuel-air mixture
  4. Cool the engine oil

Explanation

The fuel injection servo measures the mass airflow and meters the correct fuel flow, then distributes it to the cylinders. This provides more even fuel distribution than a carburetor and is less prone to icing. Ignition and oil cooling are handled by separate systems.

Question 39Aircraft General Knowledge (Airframes, Systems, Powerplants)

A reciprocating engine is equipped with a carburetor. What is a well-known hazard of carburetor icing?

  1. It can occur at outside air temperatures well above freezing due to venturi cooling Correct answer.
  2. It can be prevented by leaning the mixture
  3. It only occurs when visible moisture is present
  4. It occurs only when the outside temperature is below minus 20 degrees Celsius

Explanation

As air accelerates through the carburetor venturi, its pressure and temperature drop, and fuel vaporization further cools the mixture. Ice can therefore form at ambient temperatures as high as roughly 20 to 30 degrees Celsius depending on humidity. Visible moisture is not required.

Question 40Aircraft General Knowledge (Airframes, Systems, Powerplants)

In a light aircraft electrical system, the purpose of the voltage regulator is to:

  1. Disconnect the battery during engine start
  2. Limit the current drawn by the starter motor
  3. Convert direct current to alternating current
  4. Hold alternator output voltage within limits as load and rpm change Correct answer.

Explanation

The voltage regulator controls the field current of the alternator so that output voltage stays within the design range. This protects avionics from overvoltage and keeps the battery properly charged. Current limiting and inversion are different functions.

Question 41Aircraft General Knowledge (Airframes, Systems, Powerplants)

A pilot turns the pitot heat on during a climb through visible moisture. What is the main purpose of this action?

  1. To prevent ice from blocking the pitot tube and causing erroneous airspeed indications Correct answer.
  2. To heat the fuel lines
  3. To improve radio reception
  4. To warm the static ports for altitude accuracy

Explanation

Ice blocking the pitot tube can cause the airspeed indicator to behave like an altimeter, giving dangerously misleading readings. Pitot heat keeps the tube clear. Static ports have their own heaters on many aircraft, and radio and fuel systems are unrelated.

Question 42Aircraft General Knowledge (Airframes, Systems, Powerplants)

An aircraft's turn coordinator shows a standard-rate turn. What does the instrument's gyro primarily sense?

  1. Pitch rate about the lateral axis
  2. Rate of yaw about the vertical axis only
  3. Rate of roll about the longitudinal axis Correct answer.
  4. Acceleration along the longitudinal axis

Explanation

The turn coordinator uses a gyro mounted so that it senses rate of roll about the longitudinal axis, which allows it to indicate rate of turn. The older turn-and-slip indicator senses yaw rate. Pitch and longitudinal acceleration are indicated by other instruments.

Question 43Aircraft General Knowledge (Airframes, Systems, Powerplants)

The attitude indicator of a light aircraft becomes unreliable during a prolonged coordinated turn. What is the most likely cause?

  1. The horizon bar has been mechanically disconnected
  2. The instrument's case has lost static pressure
  3. The gyro has lost all vacuum supply
  4. The gyro has erected to a false vertical because of centrifugal effects Correct answer.

Explanation

Air-driven attitude gyros use pendulous vanes or similar erection mechanisms that can be fooled by centrifugal force in a sustained turn. The gyro then erects to a false vertical, producing a small attitude error. Total vacuum loss would cause the gyro to topple entirely, which is a different symptom.

Question 44Aircraft General Knowledge (Airframes, Systems, Powerplants)

Which of the following best describes the function of the static system in the pitot-static instruments?

  1. It measures outside air temperature
  2. It provides vacuum to drive the gyros
  3. It supplies ram air pressure to the altimeter
  4. It supplies ambient pressure to the airspeed indicator, altimeter, and vertical speed indicator Correct answer.

Explanation

The static system provides ambient (static) pressure to all three pressure instruments. The airspeed indicator compares pitot (ram) pressure with static pressure, while the altimeter and vertical speed indicator use static pressure alone. Ram air goes only to the pitot tube.

Question 45Aircraft General Knowledge (Airframes, Systems, Powerplants)

An aircraft's landing gear has a squat switch. What is its primary purpose?

  1. To sense tire pressure before takeoff
  2. To lock the brakes during taxi
  3. To prevent the gear from being retracted while the aircraft is on the ground Correct answer.
  4. To measure the weight of the aircraft for performance calculations

Explanation

A squat switch senses compression of the landing gear strut and signals the gear system that the aircraft is on the ground. It inhibits retraction and can also control other ground-only functions. It does not weigh the aircraft or monitor tire pressure.

Question 46Aircraft General Knowledge (Airframes, Systems, Powerplants)

During a retraction test on the ground, the landing gear warning horn sounds continuously even though the gear is down and locked. Which condition is most likely responsible?

  1. The alternator has failed
  2. The pitot heat is on
  3. The hydraulic reservoir is overfull
  4. The throttle is retarded with the gear not indicating down and locked, or a warning switch is misadjusted Correct answer.

Explanation

The gear warning system typically sounds when the throttle is retarded below a set point and the gear is not down and locked. A misadjusted switch or an incorrect gear indication can therefore trigger the horn. Hydraulic quantity, alternator status, and pitot heat do not activate the gear horn.

Question 47Aircraft General Knowledge (Airframes, Systems, Powerplants)

The purpose of the anti-ice system on a reciprocating engine's carburetor is to:

  1. Open the cowl flaps for cooling
  2. Spray deicing fluid into the intake
  3. Route heated air into the carburetor to melt or prevent ice Correct answer.
  4. Increase fuel flow to the engine

Explanation

Carburetor heat uses a shroud around the exhaust or a heat muff to warm the induction air. This melts existing ice or prevents its formation. It does not add fuel and is unrelated to cowl flap operation.

Question 48Aircraft General Knowledge (Airframes, Systems, Powerplants)

In a turbocharged reciprocating engine, the wastegate controls:

  1. The amount of exhaust gas routed through the turbocharger turbine Correct answer.
  2. The oil pressure to the turbocharger bearings
  3. The manifold pressure to the cabin pressurization system
  4. The fuel pressure to the injectors

Explanation

The wastegate is a valve that bypasses exhaust gas around the turbine. By controlling exhaust flow to the turbine, it regulates the speed of the turbocharger and therefore the manifold pressure. It does not control fuel or oil pressure directly.

Question 49Flight Performance and Planning (Mass and Balance, Performance)

En un diagrama de carga, ¿qué representa el punto donde la línea de peso y brazo del avión cruza el límite delantero de la envolvente de CG?

  1. El peso básico operativo del avión
  2. El brazo máximo admisible hacia atrás para ese peso
  3. El brazo máximo admisible hacia adelante para ese peso Correct answer.
  4. El peso máximo de despegue estructural

Explanation

La envolvente de centro de gravedad define, para cada peso, los límites delantero y trasero dentro de los cuales el CG debe permanecer. El cruce de la línea de peso con el borde delantero indica el brazo mínimo permitido, es decir, el CG más adelantado admisible a ese peso.

Question 50Flight Performance and Planning (Mass and Balance, Performance)

Un avión tiene peso vacío 1200 kg con brazo 2,10 m y carga útil de 300 kg con brazo 2,50 m. ¿Cuál es el brazo del centro de gravedad resultante?

  1. 2,50 m
  2. 2,30 m
  3. 2,10 m
  4. 2,18 m Correct answer.

Explanation

Se calcula el momento total sumando peso por brazo de cada ítem: 1200×2,10 = 2520 y 300×2,50 = 750, con momento total 3270 kg·m. Al dividir entre el peso total de 1500 kg resulta un brazo de 2,18 m.