Meteorology
Atmosphere and pressure
Know the standard atmosphere, the relationship between pressure, altitude and density, and how altimeter settings work. Questions test the difference between QNH, QFE and QNE, and the errors caused by flying from high to low pressure or warm to cold air without adjusting the altimeter - the classic "high to low, look out below" trap.
Clouds, stability and precipitation
Understand stability, lapse rates, and how lifting produces cumuliform or stratiform cloud. Know the cloud families, the conditions for thunderstorms (moisture, instability, lifting mechanism), and the hazards: hail, icing, turbulence, microbursts, lightning and wind shear. Know icing types - clear, rime and mixed - and where they form.
Winds and local effects
Know how pressure gradient, Coriolis and friction shape wind, and how terrain produces mountain waves, föhn effects, valley winds and sea breezes. In Bolivia, the Andes and the Altiplano create strong diurnal wind patterns, high-altitude turbulence and afternoon convective build-up; questions often ask for the safest time of day for mountain flying.
Worked example / rule of thumb
Rule of thumb: when flying from high pressure to low pressure, the altimeter over-reads, so the aircraft is lower than indicated - reset to the current QNH and add a safety margin near terrain. For thunderstorms, avoid by at least 20 nm and never fly beneath the anvil.
Study strategy
Always connect a weather fact to a flight decision - examiners ask what you would do, not only what the weather is.