ANAC IBAV key terms

The set of regulations issued by ANAC that govern civil aviation in Brazil, covering licensing, operations, airworthiness, and safety. Compliance is mandatory for all Brazilian civil aviation activities.

The Brazilian National Civil Aviation Agency, responsible for regulating and overseeing civil aviation safety and enforcing the RBAC. It issues licenses, certificates, and regulations.

International standards and recommended practices adopted by the International Civil Aviation Organization. Brazil, as a member state, incorporates many of these into its national regulations.

Rules allowing pilots to operate aircraft primarily by visual reference to the ground and outside horizon, subject to specified weather minima and airspace requirements.

Rules governing flight in conditions where navigation and separation are based on instruments rather than outside visual reference, requiring specific equipment, qualifications, and air traffic control clearances.

Weather conditions in which visibility and distance from clouds meet specified minima, allowing flight under visual flight rules.

Weather conditions below the visual flight rules minima, requiring operation under instrument flight rules.

The condition of an aircraft being safe and suitable for flight, meeting design, maintenance, and operational requirements set by the certifying authority.

The point at which the aircraft's weight is considered concentrated; its position must remain within specified limits for safe control and performance.

The angle between the chord line of an airfoil and the oncoming relative wind. Increasing AoA increases lift up to the critical angle, beyond which the wing stalls.

A condition where the airflow separates from the wing due to exceeding the critical angle of attack, causing a sudden loss of lift and increase in drag.

The angle of attack at which the wing stalls, typically around 15-18 degrees for many airfoils. It is independent of weight, speed, and bank angle.

The ratio of lift to weight, expressed in g units. It increases in turns and maneuvers, affecting stall speed and structural limits.

The maximum speed at which full control deflection will not cause structural damage; at or below this speed, the aircraft will stall before exceeding load limits.

The minimum speed at which an aircraft can maintain level flight; it increases with weight, load factor, and altitude.

The calculation and control of aircraft weight and center of gravity position to ensure performance and controllability remain within certified limits.

A document that records the distribution of weight (passengers, cargo, fuel) and the resulting center of gravity for a flight.

The total distance required from the start of the takeoff roll to reaching a specified height above the runway, affected by weight, altitude, temperature, and wind.

The distance required from crossing the runway threshold at a specified height to a full stop, influenced by weight, wind, runway condition, and temperature.

The altitude corresponding to a given air density; it increases with high elevation, high temperature, and high humidity, degrading aircraft and engine performance.

A condition of insufficient oxygen reaching body tissues, often due to high altitude. Symptoms include euphoria, impaired judgment, and loss of consciousness.

The period after exposure to high altitude (or decompression) during which a person can perform useful tasks before becoming incapacitated by hypoxia.

A pilot's misunderstanding of the aircraft's position or motion relative to the earth, often caused by conflicting vestibular and visual cues in low visibility.

False perceptions of reality, such as visual or vestibular illusions, that can lead to incorrect control inputs. Examples include somatogravic and black hole illusions.

The effective use of all available resources-human, hardware, and information-to achieve safe and efficient flight operations, emphasizing communication, teamwork, and decision-making.

The perception and understanding of all relevant factors in the flight environment and the projection of their future status, essential for safe decision-making.

The altimeter setting that, when set on the altimeter subscale, causes the altimeter to indicate altitude above mean sea level at the airport elevation.

The altimeter setting that causes the altimeter to read zero at the airport reference point, indicating height above that point.

The standard altimeter setting of 1013.25 hPa (29.92 inHg) used above the transition altitude to provide a common pressure reference for flight levels.

The altitude at which an aircraft changes its altimeter setting from local QNH to standard QNE when climbing, marking the boundary between altitude and flight level.

The lowest flight level available for use above the transition altitude, ensuring at least 1000 ft separation from the transition altitude.

VHF Omnidirectional Range, a ground-based navigation aid that provides magnetic bearing information to or from the station, enabling course guidance.

Non-Directional Beacon, a ground-based radio transmitter that provides bearing information when used with an automatic direction finder (ADF).

Distance Measuring Equipment, a transponder-based system that measures slant range distance from the aircraft to a ground station.

Global Navigation Satellite System, a satellite-based system providing position, navigation, and timing information worldwide.

Area Navigation, a method allowing aircraft to fly on any desired path within coverage of navigation aids or satellite systems, not restricted to direct routes between stations.

Required Navigation Performance, a navigation specification that includes on-board performance monitoring and alerting, ensuring the aircraft stays within a defined lateral accuracy.

Standardized words and phrases used in air-ground communications to ensure clear, unambiguous, and efficient exchange of information between pilots and air traffic control.

The pilot's repetition of an air traffic control clearance or instruction to confirm correct reception and understanding.

A four-digit code entered into the aircraft transponder to identify the aircraft on secondary surveillance radar.