PCSP Investigador de Polícia flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Conditional equivalence

p→q is equivalent to its contrapositive ~q→~p; it is not equivalent to the converse q→p. This distinction is a frequent trap in logic questions.

De Morgan laws

The negation of a conjunction is the disjunction of the negations: ~(p∧q) ≡ ~p∨~q. Likewise ~(p∨q) ≡ ~p∧~q.

Combination formula

C(n,k)=n!/[k!(n−k)!] counts selections where order does not matter, such as choosing a police team from a larger group.

Proparoxytone accent rule

All proparoxytones are accented in Portuguese, regardless of ending, as in lâmpada, médico and ônibus.

Mesanclise conditions

Pronoun placement inside the verb occurs with a future or conditional main verb plus infinitive or gerund, and with "para" or "por" before an infinitive.

Cohesion versus coherence

Cohesion is the surface chain of pronouns, conjunctions and repetition; coherence is the global meaning unity that makes the text interpretable as a whole.

Habeas data

Constitutional remedy to ensure knowledge of or rectification of personal information held in public or publicly accessible registries, per article 5º, LXXII, of the Constitution.

Administrative improbity intent

After Law 14.230/2021, improbity requires proven intent (dolo), including in illicit enrichment and harm to the public treasury, excluding mere negligence.

Public administration principles

Article 37 of the Constitution lists legality, impersonality, morality, publicity and efficiency as binding principles for all public administration bodies.

Chain of custody

Documented sequence of custody of evidence from collection to disposal, required by articles 158-A to 158-F of the Criminal Procedure Code to preserve integrity.

Fruits of poisonous tree

Derived evidence obtained from illegal evidence is inadmissible, unless an independent source or inevitable discovery exists, per article 157, §1º, CPP.

Preventive detention grounds

Article 312 CPP allows preventive detention for guarantee of public order, economic order, convenience of criminal procedure, or application of criminal law, with evidence of materiality and authorship.

Locard exchange principle

Every contact between two objects transfers material between them; this principle grounds trace collection and comparison at crime scenes.

STR markers

Short tandem repeats are highly variable DNA regions used for individual identification; Y-STR traces male lineage and mitochondrial DNA traces maternal lineage.

Expert report under CPP

Article 158 requires expert examination when evidence depends on technical knowledge; the judge is not bound by the report but must justify divergence under article 182.

Criminal organization definition

Law 12.850/2013 defines it as four or more persons structurally ordered, with division of tasks, aiming at indefinite crimes, with penalty increases for public agents.

Money laundering stages

The cycle has placement of illicit assets, layering to disguise origin, and integration into the formal economy; Law 9.613/1998 lists antecedent offenses.

Torture under Law 9.455

The law criminalizes coercion by physical or psychological means to obtain information or confession, with aggravated penalties when committed by public agents or resulting in death.

Custody hearing

Within 24 hours of arrest, the detainee must be presented to a judge, per article 306 CPP, to assess legality and possible preventive detention.

Use of force principles

Legality, necessity, proportionality and precaution govern force; lethal force is limited to defense against imminent threat of death or serious injury.

Non-refoulement

The principle that a person may not be returned to a country where there are substantial grounds to believe they face persecution or torture.

Hash integrity proof

A cryptographic hash such as SHA-256 computed at collection and rechecked after analysis demonstrates that digital evidence was not altered.

Forensic image

A bit-by-bit copy of a storage device that preserves deleted files and metadata; analysis is performed on the copy, never on the original.

Volatile data collection

RAM contents, running processes and network connections must be captured before shutdown, since powering off destroys these traces.

Passive corruption

A public agent soliciting, receiving or accepting an undue advantage in exchange for an act, defined in the Penal Code and punishable administratively as well.

Functional secrecy violation

Article 325 of the Penal Code criminalizes revealing information obtained by reason of office that should remain secret, including ongoing investigation details.

Impartiality in policing

Police action may not discriminate by race, gender, religion, sexual orientation, origin or social condition; bias undermines evidence and institutional legitimacy.

User versus trafficker

Law 11.343/2006 does not set a quantity threshold; evidence of destination for trade is required to characterize trafficking under article 33.

Habeas corpus

Constitutional remedy protecting freedom of movement against illegal or abusive violence, including when the abuse is imminent, per article 5º, LXVIII.

Attempt penalty reduction

Article 14, II of the Penal Code reduces the penalty by one to two thirds in attempt, with the larger reduction applying the closer the agent came to consummation.

Crime scene preservation

The scene must be isolated, recorded and documented before removal of traces; access is restricted to authorized personnel to keep evidence integrity.

Judicial interception

Law 9.296/1996 requires judicial authorization, evidence of materiality and absence of other means; it is not admissible for merely civil matters.