Belarus GAI Theory B key terms

Intentionally halting a vehicle for up to five minutes, or longer when needed for boarding or alighting passengers or loading and unloading cargo. It is a permitted action, unlike a forced halt in traffic.

Deliberately leaving a vehicle stationary for longer than five minutes for reasons not connected with boarding or alighting passengers or with loading or unloading cargo. Parking is prohibited where stopping is prohibited.

Cessation of movement because of a technical fault, a hazard on the road, a traffic signal, a traffic controller, a sharp deterioration of the driver's condition, or a load that has shifted or fallen. It is not counted as a deliberate stop.

Advancing ahead of one or more moving vehicles by entering the lane intended for oncoming traffic, or the lane of the opposite direction on a road with one lane per direction. It is distinguished from merely passing a slower vehicle within the same direction.

Advancing ahead of a vehicle travelling in the same direction without entering the lane used by oncoming traffic. It is permitted where overtaking is banned, provided the manoeuvre is safe and lane rules are respected.

Changing from one occupied lane to another while the vehicle keeps moving in the same direction. The driver must give way to vehicles already in the target lane and signal the intention in good time.

Any change in the vehicle's position or direction of travel, including starting, changing lanes, turning, U-turning, reversing and stopping. Before performing one, the driver must ensure it is safe and must not create an obstruction.

Setting a stationary vehicle in motion from a stop, a parking place or the roadside. The driver must first check mirrors and blind spots, signal, and yield to vehicles and pedestrians already in the traffic flow.

An area around the vehicle that the driver cannot observe through the mirrors or by direct vision without turning the head. A check of the blind spot is required before pulling away, changing lanes or turning.

Any of the longitudinal strips of roadway wide enough for vehicles to travel in a single line, marked or not. The number of lanes is determined by markings and signs, and drivers must keep within their lane.

A structural element of the road, marked by a double solid line or a physical barrier, that separates carriageways of opposite directions. Crossing it is prohibited; it is not the same as a lane line.

A continuous longitudinal road marking that may not be crossed by vehicles. It separates opposing traffic streams, marks the edge of the carriageway, or delimits areas where driving is forbidden.

A dashed longitudinal marking that may be crossed when the driver is permitted to change lanes or overtake. Its stroke and gap lengths indicate whether manoeuvring is allowed and how the lane is used.

The stretch of road over which a particular road sign applies, determined by the sign's placement, by supplementary plates, by the distance to the next intersection, or by the end-of-zone sign. Drivers must know where a restriction stops applying.

A triangular sign with a red border that informs drivers of an approaching hazard such as a bend, a junction or a pedestrian crossing. It does not impose a restriction but calls for reduced speed and increased care.

A round sign, usually with a red border, that forbids a stated action such as entering, overtaking, stopping or exceeding a speed. Its restriction begins where the sign stands and ends as its zone of effect ends.

A sign that determines the order in which vehicles pass through a junction or a narrow section of road, for example the main-road sign or the give-way sign. It overrides the general rule of giving way from the right.

A road marked with the priority-road sign or otherwise indicated as carrying through traffic, whose users have the right of way at junctions. Vehicles on secondary roads must give way when entering or crossing it.

To refrain from starting, continuing or resuming movement, or from performing a manoeuvre, when doing so could force other road users to change speed or direction. A driver who gives way must not compel others to brake or swerve.

The entitlement to proceed first through a junction, a crossing or a narrow passage while other road users must wait. It is granted by signs, signals, markings or the general rules and must still be exercised with care.

A junction where the order of movement is set by traffic signals or by a traffic controller rather than by priority signs. Drivers follow the signal even if it contradicts the signs and markings at that junction.

A junction without working traffic signals or a traffic controller, where priority is decided by signs, markings and the general rules. At an equal-priority junction, drivers give way to vehicles approaching from the right.

The rule that at a junction of equal-priority roads the driver must give way to vehicles approaching from the right. It applies only when no sign, marking or signal sets a different order.

An authorised official who directs traffic using hand and body positions, sometimes with a baton or a disc. His instructions take priority over traffic signals, signs and markings, and drivers must obey them.

A light indication regulating the order of movement at a junction, crossing or narrow section. A red light forbids movement, a green light permits it, and a flashing amber warns that the signal is about to change.

A section of carriageway marked with broad stripes or signs where pedestrians cross the road. Drivers must give way to pedestrians on it and must not stop or park on the crossing itself.

A place where the road crosses railway tracks at the same level, marked by signs, barriers, signals and sometimes a barrier. Drivers must slow down, make sure the way is clear and never enter while a train approaches.

The simultaneous flashing of all direction indicators, used to warn other road users of a hazard, a forced stop or a vehicle being towed. It must be switched on when the vehicle creates a danger to traffic.

A folding reflective triangle placed on the roadway behind a stopped vehicle to warn approaching drivers. It is compulsory after a forced stop where visibility is limited or the vehicle obstructs the road.

The low beam of the headlights, used at night and in conditions of poor visibility so as not to dazzle other drivers. It must be switched on when driving in tunnels and outside built-up areas in daylight.

The high beam of the headlights, giving long-range illumination but dazzling oncoming and leading drivers. It must be switched to dipped beam when another vehicle approaches or when following close behind.

Temporary loss of clear vision caused by a bright light source such as high beam or low sun. A dazzled driver must slow down, and if necessary stop, without changing lanes blindly until vision returns.

The gap kept behind the vehicle ahead that allows stopping or avoiding it if it brakes suddenly. It grows with speed, with a slippery surface and with reduced visibility, and is often checked by the two-second rule.

The total distance travelled from the moment the driver perceives a hazard until the vehicle comes to rest. It combines the distance covered during the driver's reaction time with the braking distance itself.

The distance a vehicle covers from the moment the brakes are applied until it stops. It increases with the square of speed and is longer on wet, icy or loose surfaces where grip is reduced.

The maximum speed permitted on a given road or section, set by law, by a speed-limit sign or by the road category. Drivers must also reduce speed below the limit when conditions require it.

The immediate, simple measures taken at the scene to preserve life, prevent worsening of injury and prepare the casualty for medical help. It includes checking breathing, stopping bleeding and calling emergency services.

The set of dressings, bandages, gloves and other supplies that a vehicle must carry for use at the scene of a crash. Its contents are prescribed by regulation and must be complete and in date.

The periodic official check that a vehicle meets safety and technical requirements, confirmed by a certificate or a mark. Driving without a valid inspection where one is required is an offence.

A fault in a vehicle system, such as brakes, steering, lights or tyres, that makes driving unsafe or illegal. Certain faults forbid any further driving until they are repaired.