Belarus GAI Theory D key terms

The priority to proceed through a road section or intersection that one road user holds while others must wait or yield. Failing to give it when required is a common cause of collisions.

To slow or stop so that another road user with priority can pass safely. Yielding does not transfer priority; it only acknowledges the other party's existing right to proceed first.

A road marked with priority signs where traffic on it has the right-of-way over vehicles entering from side roads. Drivers leaving it must yield before crossing or joining another road.

A junction where traffic lights, a signalman, or priority signs determine the order of movement instead of the general rule. Drivers follow the controlling device or person rather than guessing who arrived first.

A junction with no working lights, no signalman, and no priority signs. Drivers apply the general yielding rules, typically giving way to traffic on the main road or approaching from the right.

Hand and body movements made by a police officer or authorized traffic controller that all drivers and pedestrians must obey, even when they conflict with lights, signs, or markings.

The sequence of red, yellow, and green indications controlling traffic at a junction or crossing. Drivers must stop on red, prepare to stop on yellow, and proceed only when the way is clear on green.

Lines, arrows, symbols, and colored areas painted or applied on the roadway that guide, restrict, or warn drivers. They supplement signs and signals and must be obeyed like them.

A continuous line separating traffic moving in opposite directions. Crossing it is prohibited except in specific permitted cases, and it marks sections where overtaking is unsafe or forbidden.

A transverse marking across a lane showing where a vehicle must halt at a stop sign, traffic light, or railway crossing. The front of the vehicle must not pass beyond it while stopping is required.

A sign, usually triangular with a red border, that alerts drivers to a hazard ahead such as a bend, crossing, or slippery surface. It calls for reduced speed and increased attention, not a mandatory action.

A round sign, typically red-bordered, that forbids a specific action such as entering, turning, overtaking, or exceeding a stated speed. Disobeying it is an offense even if the road appears safe.

A sign stating the maximum permitted speed in kilometers per hour for the section it governs. The limit applies until a different sign, a settlement boundary, or the end of the restriction appears.

A speed that lets the driver stop within the visible clear distance and react to hazards, weather, and traffic. It may be well below the posted limit when conditions are poor.

The total distance a vehicle travels from the moment the driver perceives a hazard until it comes to rest. It combines reaction distance and braking distance and grows with speed and poor grip.

The gap kept to the vehicle ahead so there is time to stop if it brakes suddenly. It should increase with speed, load, wet roads, and reduced visibility.

Passing a slower vehicle traveling in the same direction, usually by moving into an adjacent lane or the oncoming lane. It is permitted only where signs, markings, and visibility allow it safely.

Any deliberate change in a vehicle's position or direction, such as turning, changing lanes, overtaking, or reversing. Before starting one, the driver must check mirrors, signal, and yield to others.

The area around a vehicle that the driver cannot see in mirrors or directly. Large vehicles have extensive blind spots, so drivers must check them physically and use cameras or sensors where fitted.

Bringing a vehicle to a halt deliberately for a short time, for example to load or unload passengers. It differs from parking because the stop is brief and the driver usually remains with the vehicle.

Leaving a vehicle unoccupied for longer than is needed to load or unload. It is allowed only where signs and markings permit and must not obstruct traffic, pedestrians, or emergency access.

A deliberate halt of a vehicle for longer than a brief stop, such as waiting for passengers, without necessarily leaving it. Rules often restrict standing where stopping is still allowed.

A place where a road crosses railway tracks at the same level. Drivers must approach at reduced speed, obey signals and barriers, and never enter unless the far side is clear.

Driving situations such as fog, ice, heavy rain, darkness, or roadworks that demand lower speed, larger gaps, and greater caution than normal. The posted limit may be unsafe in these conditions.

The legal obligations of a driver, including carrying the correct documents, remaining fit to drive, obeying signals, and giving assistance after a collision. Breaching them can lead to administrative or criminal liability.

The physical and mental condition required to control a vehicle safely. Alcohol, drugs, illness, fatigue, and some medicines can make a person unfit and legally prohibited from driving.

Responsibility for traffic offenses punished by fines, penalty points, or loss of the right to drive, decided outside criminal proceedings. It applies to breaches such as speeding or ignoring signs.

The state of a vehicle's brakes, steering, tires, lights, and other safety systems. A vehicle must be roadworthy before use, and known defects that affect safety prohibit driving it.

The checks a driver makes before departure, covering tires, lights, brakes, fluids, mirrors, and emergency equipment. It helps catch faults that could cause breakdowns or collisions during the journey.

Immediate basic care given to an injured person before professional help arrives, such as stopping bleeding, maintaining breathing, and keeping the person warm. Drivers are expected to assist at crash scenes.

A driving permit authorizing the holder to drive buses designed to carry passengers, with more than eight seats besides the driver's. It requires specific training in passenger transport and vehicle handling.

The measures a bus driver takes to protect riders, including smooth braking, checking doors before moving, securing standing passengers, and warning about hazards. It is central to category D driving.

The rules for picking up and setting down passengers, such as stopping only at designated places, keeping doors closed while moving, and ensuring the way is clear before pulling out.

Restrictions on a vehicle's height, width, length, and mass that determine which roads and bridges it may use. Exceeding them requires special permission and can damage infrastructure.

The obligation to clear the way for ambulances, fire engines, and police vehicles using flashing lights and sirens. Drivers should slow, pull aside safely, and never follow closely behind them.