Traffic Signals and Signalman Directions
Signals and their meaning
A standard three-section light reads: red - stop before the stop line; yellow - stop unless stopping would be unsafe; green - proceed if the way is clear. A flashing yellow means the junction is uncontrolled: apply priority signs and the right-hand rule. Additional sections (arrows) grant movement only in the arrow direction, and a green arrow in an additional section does not give priority over other traffic unless the main green is also lit.
Reversible-lane and tram signals appear in questions less often but follow the same principle: white lunar or arrow shapes tell you which lane or direction is open.
The signalman
A controller's signals override everything. The classic positions: arms extended sideways or lowered - traffic may proceed straight or turn right; right arm extended forward - traffic may proceed only in the direction indicated; a raised arm or baton means "attention, stop" for all except those already in the junction. The controller's chest and back act as a barrier - you may not pass behind or in front of the controller when the corresponding position forbids it.
Traps
- Yellow is not "speed up"; it is "stop if you safely can".
- A green light does not guarantee a clear path - you must still yield to pedestrians finishing a crossing and to emergency vehicles.
- A controller's signal cancels a green light entirely.
Worked example
A controller stands with his right arm extended forward toward you. You may proceed only in the direction his arm indicates, regardless of the green light behind him. If his arm is raised, you stop.