Cambridge B2 First key terms

A reading task in which a short text has numbered gaps and each gap offers four options (A, B, C or D). Candidates choose the option that fits the text grammatically and in meaning.

A reading task where a short text has numbered gaps and candidates must think of one word to fill each gap. No options are given, so grammar and collocation are tested.

A task where a base word is printed in capitals beside a gap, and candidates change its form to fit the sentence. Prefixes, suffixes and word class are tested.

A task where candidates rewrite a sentence so that it means the same as the first, using a given key word and between two and five words. Grammar and vocabulary are tested.

A reading task in which sentences have been removed from a text and candidates must decide where each one belongs. Understanding of cohesion and text structure is needed.

A reading or listening task where candidates match a set of questions or statements to several short texts or speakers. The same text or speaker may be used more than once.

Reading a text quickly to get a general idea of what it is about, without paying attention to every word. It helps candidates answer questions about the main idea.

Reading a text quickly to find specific information such as a name, date or number. The eyes move over the text until the needed detail is located.

Understanding something that is suggested but not stated directly in a text. Candidates use clues and their own knowledge to work out the writer's meaning.

An incorrect answer option that is made to look attractive or seems correct at first. Recognising distractors helps candidates avoid choosing wrong answers in tests.

The way certain words are regularly used together in natural English, for example 'make a decision' or 'heavy rain'. Learning collocations helps with cloze and writing tasks.

A verb combined with a particle such as 'up', 'off' or 'on' that together have a new meaning, for example 'give up'. These are common in informal English and in listening texts.

A word or phrase such as 'however', 'although' or 'in addition' that shows the relationship between ideas in a text. Connectors help readers follow the logic of writing.

The way sentences and paragraphs in a text are linked together so the text feels like one whole piece. It is created by connectors, pronouns and repeated ideas.

The level of formality of language, ranging from very formal to very informal. Writers choose register according to the target reader and the type of text.

A word that has the same or nearly the same meaning as another word, for example 'big' and 'large'. Recognising synonyms is important because test questions often paraphrase the text.

To express the same idea using different words. In reading and listening tests, correct answers often paraphrase what is said in the text rather than repeat it.

The compulsory Part 1 writing task. Candidates read notes and opinions about a topic, then write a text discussing the points and giving their own view, usually in 140-190 words.

A Part 2 writing task where candidates describe and give an opinion about something such as a film, book, restaurant or event, usually for a magazine or website audience.

A Part 2 writing task that presents factual information about a situation, often with suggestions or recommendations. Reports are usually organised with clear headings and a formal tone.

A Part 2 writing task written for a magazine or newsletter. It should interest the reader, often using a catchy title, interesting examples and a clear structure.

The person or group the writing is intended for, such as a teacher, magazine readers or an English-speaking friend. Knowing the target reader helps candidates choose the right register and style.

The ideas or information that the task asks candidates to include in their writing. Missing a content point can lower the score, so candidates should plan before writing.

The number of words a writing task should contain. In B2 First, Part 1 and Part 2 tasks are usually 140-190 words; being far over or under can affect the score.

Dividing a piece of writing into paragraphs, each with a clear focus or purpose. Good paragraphing makes writing easier to read and is part of the organisation mark.

One of the four assessment scales for B2 First writing. It looks at how well the writing communicates the message and how appropriate the register and format are for the target reader.

An assessment scale in writing that looks at how clearly the text is structured and linked. It covers paragraphing, ordering of ideas and use of connectors.

A listening task where candidates listen to a text and write a word or short phrase in gaps to complete notes or sentences. Spelling and grammar must be correct.

The main general meaning of a spoken or written text, rather than specific details. Listening questions may ask about the gist of a conversation or talk.

A speaker's feeling or opinion about something, such as agreement, annoyance or enthusiasm. Candidates listen for tone of voice and word choice to identify it.

A spoken text with only one speaker, such as a talk, announcement or radio interview answer. Listening tasks often include short monologues from different speakers.

A spoken text in which two or more people talk to each other, such as a conversation or interview. Candidates listen for the speakers' purpose, opinions and agreement.

A word or phrase that shows the structure of a talk, for example 'firstly', 'however' or 'to sum up'. Listening for signpost words helps candidates follow the speaker's ideas.

The person who conducts the B2 First Speaking test. They give instructions, ask questions and manage the timing, but they do not take part in the collaborative task.

A Speaking test task in which one candidate speaks alone for about one minute about a pair of photographs, then answers a short follow-up question. The other candidate listens.

A Speaking test task where the two candidates discuss a question together for about two minutes, then make a decision. It tests interaction, turn-taking and sharing ideas.

The ability to speak smoothly and at a natural speed without too many long pauses or hesitations. Fluency is assessed in the Speaking test along with accuracy and pronunciation.

An assessment scale in Speaking that looks at how well a candidate organises and connects their ideas when speaking at length. It includes relevance, coherence and use of linking words.

A Speaking assessment scale that measures how well candidates take turns, respond to their partner and keep a conversation going. It includes initiating, agreeing, disagreeing and asking for opinions.

Guessing or making a statement about something without being certain, using language such as 'might', 'could' or 'it looks as if'. This is useful in photo comparison tasks.