Certyfikat Polskiego A1 key terms

The Polish label for a first name, which should be distinguished from nazwisko when reading a form or introduction.

The Polish word for surname or family name, identifying a different part of a personal name from imię.

A question word asking about location, rather than origin, destination, a price, or the identity of a person.

A question word asking about a destination or direction of movement, often answered by an appropriate destination phrase.

A question word asking about origin or a starting point, which need not be the same as current residence.

A preposition expressing without, important for understanding exclusions such as a drink requested without sugar in an order.

A word limiting a statement to the specified option or scope, rather than permitting every alternative mentioned elsewhere.

A notice indicating that a place or service is not operating or open in the relevant context of the sign.

A spatial expression meaning next to or beside, distinct from inside, opposite, under, or behind a reference point.

A conventional notice meaning admission is free, not that an event is canceled or that entry is prohibited.

A versatile polite expression used in requests and other exchanges, whose function must be understood from the surrounding context.

A polite requesting form often used when ordering or asking for an item, followed by the requested object or service.

A context-sensitive word that can mean still, yet, or more, including requests for one additional item in an exchange.

A word often indicating already or a change now achieved, as when a meal is described as ready.

An expression of approximation, so a supplied time with około should not be silently converted into an exact appointment.

A word indicating morning, useful for distinguishing an hour from the corresponding evening time in a short message.

A word indicating in the evening, which contributes essential time information rather than merely repeating the hour number.

A phrase removing an obligation, distinct from a prohibition and not automatically equivalent to saying that an action is forbidden.

A phrase expressing a prohibition on the specified action, whose object and location should be retained when understanding an instruction.

A polite expression of willingness or pleasure that can signal acceptance of an invitation when used in the supplied context.