CFII flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Four levels of learning

Rote, understanding, application, and correlation. Rote is the lowest level, where a student memorizes without comprehension; correlation is the highest, where learning transfers to new situations.

Laws of learning

Readiness, exercise, effect, primacy, intensity, and recency. These describe conditions that promote learning, such as practice, pleasant outcomes, and first and most recent impressions.

Demonstration-performance method

A five-step teaching method: explanation, demonstration, student performance, instructor supervision, and evaluation. It is used for teaching physical skills such as instrument scan or holding entries.

Defense mechanisms

Subconscious reactions that protect a student from the anxiety of a threat. Examples include rationalization, flight, aggression, submission, compensation, repression, denial, and displacement.

Flight instructor 8-hour limit

Under 14 CFR 61.195(b), a flight instructor may not conduct more than 8 hours of flight training within any 24-consecutive-hour period.

Endorsement record retention

Under 14 CFR 61.189(b), a flight instructor must keep a record of each endorsement given for a certificate or rating for at least 3 years.

Instrument recency requirement

Within the preceding 6 calendar months a pilot must log 6 instrument approaches, holding procedures, and intercepting and tracking courses using navigation systems to act as PIC under IFR.

Flight instructor certificate renewal

A flight instructor certificate expires 24 calendar months after the month it was issued and is renewed by practical test, by an 80 percent first-attempt pass rate with 5 applicants, or by an approved refresher course.

GRABCARD IFR equipment

Generator or alternator, radio and navigation equipment, attitude indicator, ball (slip-skid), clock, sensitive altimeter, rate of turn indicator, and directional gyro, as required by 14 CFR 91.205(d).

IFR alternate requirement

An alternate is not required if, from 1 hour before to 1 hour after the ETA, the ceiling is at least 2,000 feet and visibility at least 3 statute miles, or two approaches are available.

Standard alternate minimums

600 feet ceiling and 2 statute miles visibility for a precision approach, and 800 feet ceiling and 2 statute miles visibility for a non-precision approach, unless the airport lists NA.

Altimeter and static inspection

Under 14 CFR 91.411, the altimeter and static pressure system must be tested and inspected every 24 calendar months for IFR flight in controlled airspace.

CRAFT clearance items

The elements of an IFR clearance: Clearance limit, Route, Altitude, Frequency, and Transponder code. Pilots copy and read back the applicable items.

Lost communications route

Under 14 CFR 91.185, fly the last assigned route; if being radar vectored, fly direct to the fix, route, or airway specified in the vector; otherwise fly the expected route.

Standard holding pattern

Right turns with 1-minute inbound legs at and below 14,000 feet MSL, and 1.5-minute inbound legs above 14,000 feet MSL, unless the chart specifies otherwise.

Diverse departure climb

When no departure procedure is published, climb on the runway heading to at least 400 feet above the departure end of the runway before turning, maintaining at least 200 feet per nautical mile.

Standard rate turn

A turn of 3 degrees per second, completing a 360-degree turn in 2 minutes. Approximate bank angle equals true airspeed divided by 10, plus 7.

ANDS compass acceleration error

Accelerate North, Decelerate South: on easterly or westerly headings the magnetic compass indicates a turn to the north while accelerating and a turn to the south while decelerating.

Blocked static port indications

With the static port blocked, the altimeter freezes at the altitude where the blockage occurred, the VSI reads zero, and the airspeed indicator reads high in a climb and low in a descent.

Nose-low unusual attitude

Recovery from a nose-low unusual attitude: reduce power, roll the wings level, then raise the pitch just enough to stop the descent without pulling into a secondary stall.

VOR full-scale deflection

On a VOR or HSI course indicator, full-scale deflection from the center equals about 10 degrees off the selected course. Localizer full-scale deflection is about 2.5 degrees each side.

NDB bearing formula

Magnetic heading plus relative bearing equals the magnetic bearing to the station. Relative bearing is read from the ADF azimuth card relative to the nose of the aircraft.

VOR receiver check

A VOR check must be made within the preceding 30 days and logged with the date, place, bearing error, and signature. Allowable error is plus or minus 4 degrees for a ground or airborne check.

Approach category speeds

Categories based on Vref at 1.3 Vso: A below 91 knots, B 91 to 120, C 121 to 140, D 141 to 165, and E 166 to 210 knots.

MDA versus DA

A minimum descent altitude applies to non-precision approaches and is the lowest altitude to which descent is authorized; a decision altitude applies to precision and APV approaches and is a point for a missed approach decision.

Missed approach climb gradient

Unless a steeper gradient is published, the missed approach climb is at least 200 feet per nautical mile from the DA or MDA to the missed approach altitude.

Emergency transponder codes

7700 indicates a general emergency, 7600 indicates lost communications, and 7500 indicates unlawful interference. Each is entered on the transponder ident feature.

PIC emergency authority

Under 14 CFR 91.3, the pilot in command may deviate from any rule to the extent required to meet an in-flight emergency and must report the deviation if requested.

Minimum fuel versus fuel emergency

Declaring minimum fuel means the aircraft may land with less than a 45-minute reserve and cannot accept further delay; a fuel emergency requires priority handling from ATC.

Logging instrument time

Instrument time may be logged only when the pilot is the sole manipulator of the controls in actual or simulated instrument conditions; simulated instrument flight requires a view-limiting device and a safety pilot.

Practical test retest window

After a failed practical test, an applicant must complete a retest within 60 days or repeat the full test. A retest requires an endorsement from the instructor who gave additional training.

Inoperative equipment deferral

Under 14 CFR 91.213, an inoperative item may be deferred if it is not required by 91.205, an airworthiness directive, or the MEL, and it is placarded and recorded as inoperative.