Laws, Regulations, and Safety Supervision System for Special Equipment
This domain tests whether you can place any real-world act into the correct legal tier and name the supervision instrument that governs it - production licence, notification before construction, use registration, periodic inspection, or personnel certification.
The four-tier hierarchy
- Law: 《中华人民共和国特种设备安全法》, in force 1 January 2014. It creates the chain 生产、经营、使用、检验检测、监督管理、事故应急救援与调查处理.
- Administrative regulation: 《特种设备安全监察条例》 (State Council Decree No. 549).
- Safety technical regulations (TSG): TSG 11-2020 for boilers, TSG 21-2016 for fixed pressure vessels, TSG T7001 for elevators, TSG 51-2023 for lifting appliances. These are what an inspector actually cites.
- Referenced standards: GB and GB/T, binding only where the TSG invokes them.
The eight catalogue categories
锅炉、压力容器、压力管道、电梯、起重机械、客运索道、大型游乐设施、场（厂）内专用机动车辆. Field/factory vehicles were folded into the 2014 catalogue - a favourite trick question.
Supervision instruments
- Construction notification: before installation, alteration or major repair the contractor must notify in writing the market regulation department of the municipality or of a city divided into districts (安全法 Art. 31).
- Use registration: before commissioning or within 30 days after (Art. 33).
- Periodic inspection by an accredited body; operator certification with re-examination every 4 years.
Worked example
A user installs a new 10 t/h packaged steam boiler and simultaneously converts a 100 m³ nitrogen receiver to anhydrous ammonia service. Reasoning: the boiler needs pre-construction notification plus installation supervisory inspection (监督检验), then use registration. The receiver changes medium group - from Group 2 to Group 1 (toxic/liquefiable) - which raises its category, so a design re-check by an appropriately qualified unit, re-inspection of the alteration, and amendment of the use registration are all required. Registration alone is not enough; category change is the pivot.
Traps that cost marks
Treating TSG as a law; forgetting that notification precedes construction while registration follows it; assuming use registration is always before commissioning; and missing the category change when the medium changes.