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BY Abitur Russian (gA) study materials
BY Abitur Russian (gA) study resources

BY Abitur Russian (gA) practice questions

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Question 1Writing, argument and mediation

Which sentence correctly introduces a summary of a Russian newspaper article in a formal written register?

  1. В статье, опубликованной в газете, речь идёт о проблемах молодёжи в больших городах. Correct answer.
  2. В статье, опубликованной в газете, речь идёт проблемы молодёжи в больших городах.
  3. В статье, опубликованной в газете, речь идёт, что проблемы молодёжи в больших городах.
  4. В статье, опубликованной в газете, речь идёт о том, что проблемы молодёжи в больших городах.

Explanation

The construction «речь идёт о + Präpositiv» requires the preposition «о» governing the prepositional case, here «о проблемах». This fixed phrase is the standard formula for summarising a text's topic in a formal register.

Question 2Writing, argument and mediation

Which sentence correctly uses the verb «подчёркивать/подчеркнуть» to report an author's emphasis in a summary?

  1. Автор подчёркивает о важности семейных традиций.
  2. Автор подчёркивает, важность семейных традиций.
  3. Автор подчёркивает важностью семейных традиций.
  4. Автор подчёркивает важность семейных традиций. Correct answer.

Explanation

The verb «подчёркивать» is transitive and governs a direct object in the accusative, here «важность». No preposition is used, and the noun phrase follows directly.

Question 3Writing, argument and mediation

A candidate writes: «Автор текста критикует потребительское отношение к природе.» Which rhetorical strategy is being reported?

  1. The author's critical evaluation of an attitude Correct answer.
  2. The author's neutral description of a fact
  3. The author's quotation of a statistic
  4. The author's proposal of a solution

Explanation

The verb «критиковать» marks an evaluative stance, and its object «потребительское отношение» names the criticised attitude. Reporting such verbs is essential for capturing an author's intention in a summary.

Question 4Writing, argument and mediation

Which sentence correctly embeds a reported statement using the conjunction «что» with the appropriate tense and case?

  1. Автор утверждает, что молодые люди нуждаются в поддержке государства. Correct answer.
  2. Автор утверждает, что молодые люди нуждаются поддержке государства.
  3. Автор утверждает, чтобы молодые люди нуждались в поддержке государства.
  4. Автор утверждает, что молодые люди нуждаются о поддержке государства.

Explanation

After «утверждать, что…» the subordinate clause takes the indicative, and the verb «нуждаться» governs the prepositional case with «в». Only this option combines the correct conjunction, mood and case government.

Question 5Writing, argument and mediation

In a written argumentation, which sentence best performs the function of a conclusion (Schluss) drawing together the argument?

  1. Например, многие школьники уже участвуют в таких проектах.
  2. Во-первых, следует отметить, что у этой проблемы есть две стороны.
  3. Таким образом, можно сделать вывод, что преимущества перевешивают недостатки. Correct answer.
  4. С одной стороны, это удобно, с другой стороны, это дорого.

Explanation

«Таким образом, можно сделать вывод…» is the standard formula for summarising and concluding an argument. It signals the end of the argumentative chain and states the overall result.

Question 6Writing, argument and mediation

A candidate wants to hedge a claim appropriately in a formal essay. Which formulation is stylistically most suitable?

  1. Сто пудов, эта тенденция будет и дальше.
  2. Тенденция, конечно, сохранится, спору нет.
  3. По всей видимости, данная тенденция сохранится и в ближайшие годы. Correct answer.
  4. Ясно как день, что тенденция сохранится.

Explanation

«По всей видимости» is a formal modal particle expressing cautious probability and fits the academic register of the Abitur essay. Hedging is an important feature of balanced argumentation.

Question 7Writing, argument and mediation

Which sentence best expresses a nuanced concession followed by a limitation in the essay's argumentation?

  1. Цифровые технологии открывают новые возможности, и они не могут полностью заменить живое общение.
  2. Хотя цифровые технологии открывают новые возможности, они не могут полностью заменить живое общение. Correct answer.
  3. Цифровые технологии открывают новые возможности, поэтому они не могут полностью заменить живое общение.
  4. Цифровые технологии открывают новые возможности, потому что они не могут полностью заменить живое общение.

Explanation

«Хотя…» introduces a concessive subordinate clause, and the main clause states the limitation. This structure is the classic pattern for a nuanced concession in argumentative writing.

Question 8Writing, argument and mediation

Which option correctly completes the sentence so that the gerundial phrase (деепричастный оборот) is grammatically well-formed? «___ текст, обратите внимание на аргументацию автора.»

  1. Читать
  2. Читая текст, вы
  3. Читая Correct answer.
  4. Прочитав текст, вы

Explanation

A gerundial phrase requires that its implicit subject be the same as the subject of the main clause. In the imperative sentence «обратите внимание», the implicit subject is «вы», so the gerund «читая» is correct and no explicit pronoun is needed.

Question 9Russian grammar and vocabulary

Russian verbs come in two aspects (вид). What does the imperfective aspect (несовершенный вид) primarily express?

  1. An ongoing, repeated, or uncompleted action Correct answer.
  2. A single action completed with a result
  3. An action that can only refer to the future
  4. A command or request addressed to the listener

Explanation

The imperfective aspect (несовершенный вид) presents an action as a process, a repetition, or a state without focusing on its boundary or result, e.g. «читать», «писать». The perfective aspect (совершенный вид), by contrast, presents the action as a bounded whole with an achieved result, e.g. «прочитать», «написать». Choosing between them is the core of Russian aspect usage in the LehrplanPLUS Q-phase.

Question 10Russian grammar and vocabulary

Вчера вечером я два часа ___ письмо другу. - Which verb form correctly completes the sentence?

  1. написал
  2. писал Correct answer.
  3. пишу
  4. напишу

Explanation

The phrase «два часа» names a duration, so the action must be presented as a process: the imperfective «писал» is correct. A duration of time is one of the clearest signals for the imperfective aspect in Russian.

Question 11Russian grammar and vocabulary

Наконец-то! Я ___ эту длинную книгу за один вечер. - Which verb form correctly completes the sentence?

  1. читал
  2. читаю
  3. прочитал Correct answer.
  4. буду читать

Explanation

«Наконец-то!» and «за один вечер» present the action as finished with a result - the whole book is read. That requires the perfective «прочитал». The preposition «за» + accusative for the time needed to complete something typically pairs with perfective verbs.

Question 12Russian grammar and vocabulary

After the verbs «начинать/начать», «продолжать» and «кончать» (to begin, to continue, to finish), which infinitive aspect must follow?

  1. Only the perfective infinitive
  2. Either aspect with no difference in meaning
  3. Only reflexive infinitives
  4. Only the imperfective infinitive Correct answer.

Explanation

Phase verbs such as «начинать», «продолжать» and «кончать» govern only the imperfective infinitive: «начать читать», «продолжать работать», «кончить писать». The logic is that beginning or stopping an action views it as an open process, not a bounded result.

Question 13Russian grammar and vocabulary

Мы ждали гостей весь вечер, но они так и не ___. - Which verb form correctly completes the sentence?

  1. пришли Correct answer.
  2. приходили
  3. придут
  4. ходили

Explanation

«Так и не …» reports that an expected single event did not happen; this construction requires the perfective: «они так и не пришли» ('they never came/turned up in the end'). The focus is on the expected result that failed to materialise.

Question 14Russian reading and written dialogue comprehension

Read the text: «Москва - столица России и самый большой город страны. Здесь живут более двенадцати миллионов человек.» - According to the text, Moscow is …

  1. The capital of Russia and its largest city Correct answer.
  2. The second-largest city of Russia
  3. A large city in Siberia
  4. The oldest city in Russia

Explanation

The text states both facts directly: Moscow is the capital (столица) and the largest city (самый большой город) of the country, with more than twelve million inhabitants according to the text.

Question 15Russian reading and written dialogue comprehension

Read the text: «Транссибирская магистраль - самая длинная железная дорога в мире. Она соединяет Москву с Владивостоком.» - What does the Trans-Siberian Railway connect?

  1. Moscow with St. Petersburg
  2. Moscow with Vladivostok Correct answer.
  3. Russia with China by sea
  4. Vladivostok with Novosibirsk only

Explanation

The text states it directly: «Она соединяет Москву с Владивостоком» - the Transsib links Moscow with Vladivostok, and it is called the longest railway in the world.

Question 16Russian reading and written dialogue comprehension

Read the text: «Во многих русских семьях бабушка и дедушка помогают воспитывать внуков. Дети часто проводят лето у бабушки на даче.» - What is the main idea of the text?

  1. Children spend their summers completely alone
  2. Families rarely see each other
  3. Grandparents play an active role in raising children Correct answer.
  4. Only the parents take part in the upbringing

Explanation

Both sentences support one idea: grandparents help bring up their grandchildren, and children often spend summers at the grandmother's dacha - grandparents are actively involved in family life.

Question 17Russian reading and written dialogue comprehension

Read the text: «В России одиннадцать часовых поясов. Когда в Москве полдень, во Владивостоке уже вечер.» - What follows from the text?

  1. All Russian cities share the same local time
  2. Vladivostok lies to the west of Moscow
  3. Moscow has no fixed time zone
  4. Local times differ greatly across Russia's eleven time zones Correct answer.

Explanation

The text names eleven time zones and illustrates the effect: noon in Moscow is already evening in Vladivostok. So local time differs greatly across the country - a standard Landeskunde fact about Russia's geography (Zeitzonen).

Question 18Russian reading and written dialogue comprehension

Read the text: «Многие школьники проводят в интернете несколько часов в день. Учителя считают, что это мешает чтению книг, но сами ученики уверены: интернет помогает им учиться.» - What does the text present?

  1. Two contrasting judgements about the internet's effect on learning Correct answer.
  2. Proof that the internet damages school performance
  3. Only the teachers' opinion, presented as a fact
  4. The students' refusal to study

Explanation

The text is built on the contrast «но»: teachers believe screen time hinders reading, while students are convinced the internet helps them learn. Two attributed viewpoints are juxtaposed; neither is endorsed as proven.

Question 19Russian-speaking historical and intercultural contexts

The October Revolution of 1917 is associated above all with …

  1. Gorbachev's reforms
  2. The abolition of serfdom
  3. Lenin and the Bolshevik seizure of power Correct answer.
  4. Peter the Great's westernisation

Explanation

In the LehrplanPLUS history outline, the Oktoberrevolution is linked to Lenin: in 1917 the Bolsheviks under his leadership seized power, laying the foundation of the Soviet state.

Question 20Russian-speaking historical and intercultural contexts

In Russian historical memory, what does the term «Великая Отечественная война» (Großer Vaterländischer Krieg) refer to?

  1. The 1812 war against Napoleon (Отечественная война)
  2. The First World War of 1914–1918
  3. The 1941–1945 war against Nazi Germany Correct answer.
  4. The Cold War rivalry with the USA

Explanation

«Великая Отечественная война» denotes the war of 1941–1945 between the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany - a central element of Russian Erinnerungskultur, which the LehrplanPLUS explicitly includes. The 1812 war against Napoleon is called simply «Отечественная война», without «Великая».

Question 21Russian-speaking historical and intercultural contexts

Which city is generally named as the largest city of Siberia?

  1. Irkutsk
  2. Kazan
  3. Sochi
  4. Novosibirsk Correct answer.

Explanation

Novosibirsk on the Ob is the largest Siberian city and the third-largest city of Russia; it is a standard example in the LehrplanPLUS topic «Sibirien: wichtigste Städte».

Question 22Russian-speaking historical and intercultural contexts

The Romanov dynasty, which ruled Russia for about three centuries, effectively ended with which ruler?

  1. Nicholas II (Nikolaj II), who abdicated in 1917 Correct answer.
  2. Alexander II, the liberator of the serfs
  3. Peter I (the Great)
  4. Catherine II (the Great)

Explanation

The LehrplanPLUS pairs Nikolaj II with the Ende der Dynastie der Romanows: he abdicated in 1917 during the revolution, ending some three hundred years of Romanov rule.

Question 23Russian-speaking historical and intercultural contexts

What is the capital of the Russian Federation?

  1. St. Petersburg
  2. Moscow Correct answer.
  3. Novosibirsk
  4. Kazan

Explanation

Moscow (Москва) is the capital of the Russian Federation and its largest city - basic Landeskunde presupposed throughout the Q-phase curriculum.

Question 24Russian grammar and vocabulary

Your friend is climbing a shaky ladder. Warn him of a possible single accident: «Осторожно, не ___!» - Which form fits?

  1. падай
  2. упади Correct answer.
  3. упал
  4. падает

Explanation

Warnings about a possible unintended one-time event use the perfective imperative: «Не упади!» ('Careful, don't fall!'). The imperfective negative imperative «не падай» would be a general prohibition ('don't make a habit of falling').

Question 25Russian grammar and vocabulary

In the aspect pair «писать – написать», which verb is the perfective partner (совершенный вид)?

  1. писать
  2. Both are perfective
  3. написать Correct answer.
  4. Neither; they are unrelated verbs

Explanation

«Написать» is the perfective partner: it denotes the completed act of writing with a result (the text exists). «Писать» is the imperfective partner denoting the process or habit of writing. Prefixation with на- is one of the most common ways of forming perfective partners.

Question 26Russian grammar and vocabulary

Каждое воскресенье прошлым летом мы ___ в парке за рекой. - Which verb form correctly completes the sentence about a repeated past habit?

  1. погуляли
  2. гуляем
  3. идём
  4. гуляли Correct answer.

Explanation

«Каждое воскресенье» marks regular repetition in the past, so the imperfective past «гуляли» is required. Habitual, repeated actions are a classic environment for the imperfective aspect.

Question 27Russian grammar and vocabulary

Завтра я весь вечер ___ отчёт, но обещаю, что к пяти я его уже ___. - Which pair of forms correctly completes the sentence?

  1. буду писать … напишу Correct answer.
  2. напишу … буду писать
  3. буду писать … буду писать
  4. напишу … напишу

Explanation

«Весь вечер» names a stretch of time to be filled with the process, so the compound imperfective future «буду писать» fits the first gap. «К пяти» sets a deadline by which a result must exist, so the perfective future «напишу» fits the second. The sentence contrasts process-by-duration with result-by-deadline.

Question 28Russian grammar and vocabulary

Which group of verbs is normally followed only by an imperfective infinitive?

  1. успеть, забыть, решить
  2. начинать, продолжать, кончать Correct answer.
  3. хотеть, мочь, пытаться
  4. просить, советовать, велеть

Explanation

«Начинать» (begin), «продолжать» (continue) and «кончать» (finish) are phase verbs: they describe the unfolding of a process and therefore combine only with the imperfective infinitive - «начал дождь идти», «продолжал работать», «кончил писать».

Question 29Russian grammar and vocabulary

The prefix по- in verbs like «посидеть», «погулять», «почитать» forms perfectives that express …

  1. the beginning of directed motion
  2. an action repeated many times
  3. an action of short, limited duration ('for a while') Correct answer.
  4. total exhaustion of the object

Explanation

With verbs of state or unbounded activity, по- builds delimitative perfectives meaning 'to do something for a while': «посидеть» (sit for a bit), «погулять» (have a walk), «почитать» (read for some time). They are perfective because the action is bounded, but the boundary is a modest time limit, not a result.

Question 30Russian grammar and vocabulary

Вчера он три часа ___ над переводом, но так и не закончил. - Which verb form correctly completes the sentence?

  1. сработал
  2. работает
  3. заработал
  4. работал Correct answer.

Explanation

The duration phrase «три часа» and the open-ended continuation «но так и не закончил» require the imperfective process verb «работал». The sentence describes an activity in progress, not an achieved result.

Question 31Russian grammar and vocabulary

Он долго ___ дверь ключом, но замок был сломан, и дверь так и осталась закрытой. - Which verb form correctly completes the sentence?

  1. открывал Correct answer.
  2. открыл
  3. откроет
  4. открывающий

Explanation

Here the imperfective «открывал» has the conative meaning: he tried/attempted to open the door without success. When the second clause states that the result was not achieved («осталась закрытой»), the attempt itself must be expressed with the imperfective.

Question 32Russian grammar and vocabulary

- Ты ___ «Войну и мир»? - Да, но очень давно. - Which form correctly asks about life experience ('have you ever read')?

  1. прочитал
  2. читал Correct answer.
  3. читаешь
  4. прочтёшь

Explanation

Questions about general experience ('have you ever read it?') use the imperfective past: «Ты читал …?». The perfective «прочитал» would ask whether the person has finished reading the whole work - a result question, not an experience question.

Question 33Russian grammar and vocabulary

У нас совсем нет ___. - Which form correctly completes the sentence ('We have no free time at all')?

  1. свободное время
  2. свободным временем
  3. свободного времени Correct answer.
  4. свободному времени

Explanation

After «нет» ('there is no'), the absent thing stands in the genitive case: «нет свободного времени». This genitive of absence is one of the most frequent genitive uses and appears constantly in everyday Russian.

Question 34Russian grammar and vocabulary

Я читаю ___. - Which form correctly completes the sentence ('I am reading an interesting book')?

  1. интересная книга
  2. интересной книгой
  3. интересной книге
  4. интересную книгу Correct answer.

Explanation

The direct object of «читать» stands in the accusative: «читать интересную книгу». Feminine nouns in -а/-я take accusative -у/-ю, and the agreeing adjective takes -ую.

Question 35Russian grammar and vocabulary

Я не получил от неё ни одного ___. - Which form correctly completes the sentence ('I did not receive a single letter from her')?

  1. письма Correct answer.
  2. письмо
  3. письмом
  4. письму

Explanation

With a negated verb, especially in the emphatic pattern «ни одного …», the object stands in the genitive: «не получил ни одного письма». The genitive of negation is standard for absent or totally denied objects and is explicitly named in the LehrplanPLUS (Genitiv der Verneinung).

Question 36Russian grammar and vocabulary

Мне ___ эта песня. - Which form correctly completes the sentence ('I like this song')?

  1. нравлюсь
  2. нравится Correct answer.
  3. нравишься
  4. нравятся

Explanation

In the «нравиться» construction the thing liked is the grammatical subject and the person is in the dative: «Мне нравится эта песня» - literally 'this song is pleasing to me'. The verb therefore agrees with «песня» (3rd person singular).

Question 37Russian grammar and vocabulary

The verb «помогать» (to help) governs which case for the person helped?

  1. The accusative (помогать друга)
  2. The genitive (помогать друга)
  3. The dative (помогать другу) Correct answer.
  4. The instrumental (помогать другом)

Explanation

«Помогать/помочь» governs the dative: «помогать другу», «помочь сестре». This verbal government (Rektion der Verben) is explicitly listed in the LehrplanPLUS grammar repertoire and must be memorised verb by verb, since German «jemandem helfen» luckily matches but other verbs differ.

Question 38Russian grammar and vocabulary

Мой брат серьёзно ___ спортом. - Which verb correctly completes the sentence ('My brother is seriously involved in sport')?

  1. интересует
  2. увлекает
  3. играет
  4. занимается Correct answer.

Explanation

«Заниматься» + instrumental means 'to be engaged in, to go in for': «заниматься спортом». The instrumental «спортом» is already given in the sentence, and only «занимается» both governs it and fits the meaning.

Question 39Russian grammar and vocabulary

Она часто думает ___ будущем. - Which preposition correctly completes the sentence ('She often thinks about the future')?

  1. о Correct answer.
  2. об
  3. на
  4. с

Explanation

«Думать о + prepositional» means 'to think about': «думать о будущем». The allomorph «об» is used only before vowel sounds (об отце, об этом), so before the consonant б- of «будущем» the basic form «о» is correct.

Question 40Russian grammar and vocabulary

В нашей группе ___ студентов. - Which numeral correctly completes the sentence?

  1. два
  2. пять Correct answer.
  3. три
  4. четыре

Explanation

The given form «студентов» is the genitive plural, which is required after numerals from five upward: «пять студентов». The numerals два, три, четыре govern the genitive singular («два студента»), so they cannot combine with «студентов». This Flexion der Grundzahlen is explicitly part of the LehrplanPLUS grammar repertoire.

Question 41Russian grammar and vocabulary

У моей подруги три ___. - Which form correctly completes the sentence ('My friend has three sisters')?

  1. сестра
  2. сестёр
  3. сестры Correct answer.
  4. сёстры

Explanation

After «три» the noun stands in the genitive singular. For «сестра» the genitive singular is «сестры» (identical in form to the nominative plural), so «три сестры» is correct.

Question 42Russian grammar and vocabulary

В этой комнате нет ни одного ___. - Which form correctly completes the sentence ('There is not a single window in this room')?

  1. окно
  2. окну
  3. окном
  4. окна Correct answer.

Explanation

«Нет ни одного …» requires the genitive singular. The neuter noun «окно» has the genitive singular «окна», hence «нет ни одного окна». The genitive of negation with ни одного is a standard Q-phase pattern.

Question 43Russian grammar and vocabulary

Экскурсия не состоялась ___ сильного дождя. - Which word correctly completes the sentence ('The excursion did not take place because of the heavy rain')?

  1. из-за Correct answer.
  2. благодаря
  3. несмотря на
  4. после

Explanation

«Из-за» + genitive names a negative cause - exactly the logic here (the rain prevented the excursion). «Благодаря» + dative names a positive or neutral cause, and the case given («дождя», genitive) would not fit it anyway.

Question 44Russian grammar and vocabulary

После долгих тренировок спортсмен наконец добился ___. - Which form correctly completes the sentence ('After long training the athlete finally achieved success')?

  1. успех
  2. успеха Correct answer.
  3. успехом
  4. успеху

Explanation

«Добиться» (to achieve) governs the genitive: «добиться успеха». This is fixed verbal government (Rektion): the goal or result reached stands in the genitive, like «добиться цели», «добиться победы».

Question 45Russian grammar and vocabulary

На вечеринку ___ не пришёл. - Which word correctly completes the sentence ('Nobody came to the party')?

  1. некто
  2. все
  3. никто Correct answer.
  4. каждый

Explanation

Russian uses double negation: the negative pronoun «никто» (nobody) must be combined with «не» before the verb - «Никто не пришёл». This doppelte Verneinung is explicitly named in the LehrplanPLUS as a typical learner problem, since German and English avoid it.

Question 46Russian grammar and vocabulary

Which sentence idiomatically says 'My brother has a large library' in Russian?

  1. Мой брат есть большая библиотека.
  2. Мой брат имеет большая библиотека.
  3. Моего брата есть большая библиотека.
  4. У моего брата есть большая библиотека. Correct answer.

Explanation

Possession is normally expressed with «у + genitive + есть»: «У моего брата есть большая библиотека» - literally 'at my brother there is a large library'. The owner stands in the genitive after «у»; the possessed thing is the nominative subject.

Question 47Russian grammar and vocabulary

Сейчас я ___ в университет: у меня лекция. - Which verb form correctly completes the sentence ('Right now I am going to the university: I have a lecture')?

  1. иду Correct answer.
  2. хожу
  3. пойду
  4. шёл

Explanation

«Идти» is the unidirectional (gerichtetes) verb of motion: one movement in one direction, happening now - «Сейчас я иду в университет». «Ходить» is the multidirectional (ungerichtetes) partner used for habits and round trips.

Question 48Russian grammar and vocabulary

Каждый день она ___ на работу на автобусе. - Which verb form correctly completes the sentence ('Every day she goes to work by bus')?

  1. едет
  2. ездит Correct answer.
  3. поехала
  4. поедет

Explanation

A daily repeated round trip calls for the multidirectional (ungerichtetes) verb «ездить»: «Каждый день она ездит на работу». «Ехать» would describe one trip in progress in one direction.

Question 49Russian grammar and vocabulary

- Куда ты сейчас ___? - В библиотеку, мне надо вернуть книги. - Which form correctly completes the question ('Where are you going now?')?

  1. ходишь
  2. пойдёшь
  3. идёшь Correct answer.
  4. шла

Explanation

«Куда» asks for the direction of a single movement happening now, which requires the unidirectional verb in the present: «Куда ты идёшь?». The answer names one concrete destination («в библиотеку»).

Question 50Russian grammar and vocabulary

В детстве мы каждое лето ___ к бабушке в деревню. - Which verb form correctly completes the sentence ('In our childhood we went to our grandmother's village every summer')?

  1. ехали
  2. поехали
  3. уехали
  4. ездили Correct answer.

Explanation

«Каждое лето» marks regular repetition, so the multidirectional verb in the past is required: «ездили» ('we used to go, went every year'). The repeated round trips to the village and back are the classic use of the indeterminate motion verb.